Transaction costs magnitudes, market participation, and smallholder profitability in rural-urban vegetable supply chain

Publication Type

Journal Article

Journal Name

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

Publication Date

1-2-2016

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Previous research has shown that Evarcha culicivora, using only olfaction (i.e. airborne volatile compounds), discriminates between opposite-sex and same-sex conspecific individuals and also discriminates between opposite-sex conspecific and heterospecific individuals. However, there has been no evidence to date of E. culicivora also using olfaction alone to discriminate between virgin and previously mated opposite-sex conspecifics. Results from the present study suggest that males of E. culicivora may gain this information from contacting draglines and show a preference for virgin females. Males displayed significantly more often when they contacted the draglines from a virgin female instead of from a previously mated female. Males also escalated conflict with a same-sex rival (their own mirror image) significantly more often when in the presence of draglines from virgin females than when in the presence of draglines from previously mated females.

Keywords

Aggression, mating strategies, olfaction, perception, pheromones, Salticidae, silk

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