Publication Type
Journal Article
Publication Date (Issue Year)
2024
Journal Name
Desalination
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an alternative desalination technique for low-to-moderate salinity feeds. Despite significant advances in electrode material design, CDI's thermodynamic energy efficiency (TEE) remains low and has become important in assessing feasibility for real-world applications. Innovative cell configurations are key to improving TEE; however, their performance trends need to be contextualized, given the scattered information that can be challenging to compare. This study evaluates various desalination cells, including conventional CDI, single- and multi-channel asymmetric CDI, and multi-channel battery deionization (BDI). Using MoS2 as a representative intercalating material, the position of active sites on composite electrodes was first optimized. Hydrothermally-grown MoS2 on carbon nanofibers exhibited enhanced charge transfer compared to MoS2 embedded in nanofibers. Among the tested configurations using 20 mM NaCl in single-pass mode and 50% water recovery, BDI demonstrated over 3.7 times higher TEE than asymmetric setups and 50 times higher than typical CDI while maintaining consistent desalination performance. BDI benefited from the combined effects of electrosorption/intercalation and ion exchange membranes in symmetric conformation, effectively utilizing charge. These findings provide insights into process engineering for improved electrochemical desalination and the enhancement of ion intercalation-based desalination configurations.
Keywords
Capacitive deionization, Asymmetric capacitive deionization, Battery deionization, Cell architecture, Energy efficiency
Rsif Scholar Name
Bethwel Kipchirchir Tarus
Thematic Area
Minerals, Mining and Materials Engineering
Africa Host University (AHU)
Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), Tanzania
Funding Statement
This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) [grant number 2021R1C1C2005643], the institutional programs of KIST [grant numbers 2E33081 and 2E33098], the International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) [World Bank financing agreement no. D347-3A] and the World Bank [Korea Trust Fund agreement no. TF0A8639] for the Partnership for Skills in Applied Sciences, Engineering, and Technology (PASET) Regional Scholarship and Innovation Fund.
Recommended Citation
Tarus, B. K., Ullah, Z., Chande Jande, Y. A., Njau, K. N., Byun, J., & Son, M. (2024). Desalination performance in versatile capacitive/battery deionization configurations using a cation intercalating electrode. Desalination, 586, 117857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2024.117857