Content Posted in 2025

Identification, Microhabitat, and Ecological Niche Prediction of Two Promising Native Parasitoids of Tuta absoluta in Kenya, Sahadatou Mama Sambo, Shepard Ndlela, Hannalene du Plessis, Francis Obala, and Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed

Identification of aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) species of economic importance in Kenya using DNA barcodes and PCR-RFLP-based approach, G. Kinyanjui, F. M. Khamis, S. Mohamed, L. O. Ombura, M. Warigia, and S. Ekesi

Identification of a rapidly-spreading triple mutant for high-level metabolic insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae provides a real-time molecular diagnostic for antimalarial intervention deployment, Harun Njoroge, Arjen van't Hof, Ambrose Oruni, Dimitra Pipini, Sanjay C Nagi, Amy Lynd, Eric R. Lucas, Sean Tomlinson, Xavi Grau-Bove, Daniel McDermott, Francis T. Wat'senga, Emile Z. Manzambi, Fiacre R. Agossa, Arlette Mokuba, Seth Irish, Bilali Kabula, Charles Mbogo, Joel Bargul, Mark J.I. Paine, David Weetman, and Martin J. Donnelly

Identification of behaviourally active components from maize volatiles for the stemborer parasitoid cotes/a flavipes cameron (hymenoptera: braconidae), Adele J. Nci-Song, Peter G.N. Njagi, Baldwyn Torto, and William A. Overholt

Identification of candidate volatiles that affect the behavioural response of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto to an active kairomone blend: Laboratory and semi-field assays, Renate C. Smallegange, Gabriella Bukovinszkiné-Kiss, Bruno Otieno, Phoebe A. Mbadi, Willem Takken, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, and Joop J.A. Van Loon

Identification of components of the oviposition aggregation pheromone of the gregarious desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal), M. M. Rai, A. Hassanali, R. K. Saini, H. Odongo, and H. Kahoro

Identification of Edible Short- A nd Long-Horned Grasshoppers and Their Host Plants in East Africa, Alfonce Leonard, Fathiya M. Khamis, James P. Egonyu, Samuel Kyamanywa, Sunday Ekesi, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Robert S. Copeland, and Sevgan Subramanian

Identification of Glutamic Acid as a Host Marking Pheromone of the African Fruit Fly Species Ceratitis rosa (Diptera: Tephritidae), Xavier Cheseto, Donald L. Kachigamba, Mwanasiti Bendera, Sunday Ekesi, Mary Ndung'U, John J. Beck, and Baldwyn Torto

Identification of insect-selective and mammal-selective toxins from Parabuthus leiosoma venom, John B. Ochola, Wilber Lwande, Thuku Thiong'o, Lucie Rogo, Rafael Herrmann, Eric Schepers, Richard Bagine, Paul Mungai, and Isaiah O. Ndiege

Identification of kairomones mediating interactions of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae with its host plants, Vincent Odhiambo Nyasembe

Identification of kairomones of second instar nymphs of the variegated coffee bug Antestiopsis thunbergii (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), Teresiah N. Njihia, Baldwyn Torto, Lucy K. Murungi, Janet Irungu, Dickson M. Mwenda, and Régis Babin

Identification of Key Root Volatiles Signaling Preference of Tomato over Spinach by the Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita, Lucy Kananu Murungi, Hillary Kirwa, Danny Coyne, Peter E.A. Teal, John J. Beck, and Baldwyn Torto

Identification of major components of larviposition pheromone from larvae of tsetse flies Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and Glossina morsitans centralis Machado, R. K. Saini, A. Hassanali, J. Andoke, P. Ahuya, and W. P. Ouma

Identification of methyl farnesoate from the hemolymph of insects, Peter E.A. Teal, Davy Jones, Grace Jones, Baldwyn Torto, Vincent Nyasembe, Christian Borgemeister, Hans T. Alborn, Fatma Kaplan, Drion Boucias, and Verena U. Lietze

Identification of priority areas in South America for exploration of natural enemies for classical biological control of Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Africa, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Rafael L. Fonseca, Gilberto J. de Moraes, Callistus K.P.O. Ogol, and Markus Knapp

Identification of Repellents from Four Non-Host Asteraceae Plants for the Root Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, Sydney Mwamba, Ruth Kihika-Opanda, Lucy K. Murungi, Turoop Losenge, John J. Beck, and Baldwyn Torto

Identification of root-knot nematode species occurring on tomatoes in Kenya: Use of isozyme phenotypes and PCR-RFLP, Rael Birithia, Wanjohi Waceke, Peter Lomo, and Daniel Masiga

Identification of Semiochemical Mediating Root -Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) - PEPPER (Capsicum annum) INTERACTIONS, Ruth Muthoni Kihika

Identification of Spiroplasma insolitum symbionts in Anopheles gambiae, Sharon T. Chepkemoi, Enock Mararo, Hellen Butungi, Juan Paredes, Daniel Masiga, Steven P. Sinkins, and Jeremy K. Herren

Identification of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Kenya using morphometrics and DNA barcoding, Nelly N. Ndungu, Nkoba Kiatoko, Marc Ciosi, Daisy Salifu, Damaris Nyansera, Daniel Masiga, and Suresh K. Raina

Identification of the ubiquitous antioxidant tripeptide glutathione as a fruit fly semiochemical, Xavier Cheseto, Donald L. Kachigamba, Sunday Ekesi, Mary Ndung'u, Peter E.A. Teal, John J. Beck, and Baldwyn Torto

Identification of tungiasis infection hotspots with a low-cost, high-throughput method for extracting Tunga penetrans (Siphonaptera) offhost stages from soil samples–An observational study, Abneel K. Matharu, Paul Ouma, Margaret M. Njoroge, Billy L. Amugune, Ayako Hyuga, Francis Mutebi, Jürgen Krücken, Hermann Feldmeier, Lynne Elson, and Ulrike Fillinger

Identifying Ant-Mirid Spatial Interactions to Improve Biological Control in Cacao-Based Agroforestry System, Leïla Bagny Beilhe, Cyril Piou, Zéphirin Tadu, and Régis Babin

Identifying barriers in the malaria control policymaking process in East Africa: Insights from stakeholders and a structured literature review, Christopher Paul, Randall Kramer, Adriane Lesser, Clifford Mutero, Marie Lynn Miranda, and Katherine Dickinson

Identifying Potential Determinants of Faecal Contamination on Domestic Floors in Three Settings in Rural Kenya: A Mixed Methods Analysis, Hugo Legge, Karisa Kazungo, Sharon Muli, Lynne Elson, Jacinta Mwongeli, Katherine E. Halliday, Victoria Ochwal, William Oswald, Robert Dreibelbis, Doris Njomo, Charles Mwandawiro, Ulrike Fillinger, Rachel Pullan, and Stella Kepha

Identifying the geographic origins of invasive Megathyrsus maximus in the United States using molecular data, John F. Gaskin, John A. Goolsby, Marie Claude Bon, Massimo Cristofaro, and Paul André Calatayud

Imagining urban transformation in Kenya, Rose Cairns, Joel Onyango, Andy Stirling, and Phil Johnstone

Imidacloprid pesticide regulates gynaikothrips uzeli (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) host choice behavior and immunity against lecanicillium lecanii (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), Yongwen Lin, Feng Chen, Sheng Lin, Peng Huang, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Deyi Yu, and Yulin Gao

Immediate and residual-effects of sole and intercropped grain legumes in maize production systems under rain-fed conditions of Northern Tanzania, E. Mugi-Ngenga, L. Bastiaans, N. P.R. Anten, S. Zingore, and K. E. Giller

Immediate impacts of COVID-19 measures on bean production, distribution, and food security in eastern Africa, Eileen Nchanji, Cosmas Kweyu Lutomia, and David Karanja

Immersion in hot water as a phytosanitary treatment for Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), Nelson L. Mwando, Shepard Ndlela, Rainer Meyhöfer, Sevgan Subramanian, and Samira A. Mohamed

Immune Responses and Transcriptomic Analysis of Nilaparvata lugens against Metarhizium anisopliae YTTR Mediated by Rice Ragged Stunt Virus, Xuewen Li, Bang Zhang, Jiaxing Zou, Qianqian Li, Jianli Liu, Shouping Cai, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Minsheng You, and Sheng Lin

Immunity Induced by Vaccination with Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Salivary Gland Antigens Does Not Augment Protective Immunity Acquired Naturally by Exposing Rabbits to Adult Ticks, M. Nyindo, S. Essuman, R. Chesang, and P. Muteria

Immunization of cattle with a semi-purified fraction of solubilized membrane-bound antigens extracted from the midgut of the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Suliman Essuman, Olusegun O. Dipeolu, and Thomas R. Odhiambo

Immunocompetence of Gynaikothrips uzeli (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) populations from different latitudes against Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), Deyi Yu, Peng Huang, Yongwen Lin, Jinai Yao, Yanyang Lan, Komivi Senyo Akutse, and Xiangyu Hou

Immunological responses and gut microbial shifts in Phthorimaea absoluta exposed to Metarhizium anisopliae isolates under different temperature regimes, Felix Muendo Maingi, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Inusa Jacob Ajene, Kevin Mbogo Omolo, and Fathiya Mbarak Khamis

Immunological responses and the role of the paralyzing toxin in rabbits infested with Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, B. C. Njau, M. Nyindo, and A. Mutani

Immunopathological features developing in the mosquito midgut after feeding on Anopheles gambiae Mucin-1 / Interleukin-12 cDNA immunized mice, Wilfred Emonyi Injera, Elphantus W. Kabiru, Michael M. Gicheru, John I. Githure, and John C. Beier

Immunotoxic effects of force-fed ethephon on model organism Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Hülya Altuntaş, Rehemah Gwokyalya, and Nur Bayram

Impact assessment of an exotic parasitoid on stemborer (Lepidoptera) population dynamics in Kenya, G. Zhou, J. Baumgärtner, and W. A. Overholt

Impact assessment of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy for suppression of mango-infesting fruit flies in Kenya, Beatrice W. Muriithi, Hippolyte D. Affognon, Gracious M. Diiro, Sarah W. Kingori, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Peterson W. Nderitu, Samira A. Mohamed, and Sunday Ekesi

Impact Assessment of Integrated Pest Management Strategy for control of Mango Fruit fly on Women decision making among Smallholder Mango producers in Machakos County, Kenya, Hannah Mumbi Gichungi

Impact assessment of push-pull pest management on incomes, productivity and poverty among smallholder households in Eastern Uganda, Ruth T. Chepchirchir, Ibrahim Macharia, Alice W. Murage, Charles A.O. Midega, and Zeyaur R. Khan

Impact of acute oral exposure to paraquat and glyphosate on food consumption and survival rates of the African honeybee Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Zamira M. Wesonga, Joel L. Bargul, Juan C. Paredes, Thomas Dubois, and H. Michael G. Lattorff

Impact of an exotic invasive pest, spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on resident communities of pest and natural enemies in maize fields in Kenya, Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame, Boaz Musyoka, Julius Obonyo, François Rebaudo, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Sevgan Subramanian, Dora Chao Kilalo, Gérald Juma, and Paul André Calatayud

Impact of an exotic parasitoid on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) population dynamics, damage and indigenous natural enemies in Kenya, B. Löhr, R. Gathu, C. Kariuki, J. Obiero, and G. Gichini

Impact of Aspergillus section Flavi community structure on the development of lethal levels of aflatoxins in Kenyan maize (Zea mays), C. Probst, F. Schulthess, and P. J. Cotty

Impact of Cross-level Measurement Noninvariance on Hospital Rankings Based on Patient Experiences with Care in 7 European Countries, Benedict O. Orindi, Emmanuel Lesaffre, Walter Sermeus, and Luk Bruyneel

Impact of feed shortages on livestock and crop production in Ethiopia: implications for rural poverty reduction, Gebeyehu Manie Fetene, Zewdu Abro, Tigabu Degu Getahun, and Menale Kassie

Impact of fungal endophyte colonization of maize (Zea mays l.) on induced resistance to thrips-and aphid-transmitted viruses, Simon Kiarie, Johnson O. Nyasani, Linnet S. Gohole, Nguya K. Maniania, and Sevgan Subramanian

Impact of habitat degradation on species diversity and nest abundance of five African stingless bee species in a tropical rainforest of Kenya, Nkoba Kiatoko, Suresh Kumar Raina, and Frank Van Langevelde

Impact of home garden interventions in East Africa: Results of three randomized controlled trials, Lutz Depenbusch, Pepijn Schreinemachers, Ralph Roothaert, Sylvia Namazzi, Charles Onyango, Sophia Bongole, and James Mutebi

Impact of improved maize adoption on household food security of maize producing smallholder farmers in Ethiopia, Moti Jaleta, Menale Kassie, Paswel Marenya, Chilot Yirga, and Olaf Erenstein

Impact of integrated fruit fly management strategy on food security among smallholder mango farmers in Kenya, P. N. Nyang'au, B. W. Muriithi, J. M. Nzuma, P. Irungu, H. M. Gichungi, and G. Diiro

Impact of integrated pest management technology on food security among mango farmers in Machakos county, Kenya., Paul Nyamweya Nyang'au

Impact of integrating autodissemination with the male annihilation technique on fruit fly infestation for enhanced mango productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa, Beatrice Muriithi, Gloria Gathura, Levi Ombura, and Fathiya Khamis

Impact of integrating pest and pollinator management training on knowledge, perceptions, and livelihoods of avocado farmers in Kenya, Beatrice W. Muriithi, Thomas Dubois, Leonard Kirui, H. Michael G. Lattorff, Samira Mohamed, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Marian Adan, Michael Kidoido, and Menale Kassie

Impact of introduced parasitoid Cotesia vestalis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and its parasitoid guild on kale in semi-arid areas in Kenya, Ruth Kahuthia-Gathu, Brigitte Nyambo, and Sevgan Subramanian

Impact of invasive insects on native insect communities, Taiadjana M. Fortuna, Philippe Le Gall, Samir Mezdour, and Paul André Calatayud

Impact of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana on Bee Pollinators (Hymenoptera: Apidae), and Modelling their Performance in Bee Colonies, Evanson Rigan Omuse

Impact of net houses on the natural regulation of the populations of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), two major tomato pests in Kenya, Anaïs Chailleux, Junitor Chepkemoi, Julien M. Haran, Laure Benoit, Robert Copeland, and Emilie Deletre

Impact of pre-harvest fungicide application on the storage performance of tomato fruits, Zhifu Lan, Jing Huang, Komivi S. Akutse, and Yongwen Lin

Impact of processing methods on microbial load of reared and wild-caught edible crickets (Scapsipedus icipe and Gryllus bimaculatus) in Kenya, J. W. Gatheru, F. M. Khamis, F. L.O. Ombura, J. Nonoh, C. M. Tanga, J. Maina, S. A. Mohamed, S. Subramanian, S. Ekesi, and K. K.M. Fiaboe

Impact of push–pull cropping system on pest management and occurrence of ear rots and mycotoxin contamination of maize in western Kenya, Nancy K. Njeru, Charles A.O. Midega, James W. Muthomi, John M. Wagacha, and Zeyaur R. Khan

Impact of push-pull technology on the nutritional status of farmers' children in Western Kenya, Nicholas O. Ogot, J. O. Pittchar, C. A.O. Midega, and Z. R. Khan

Impact of reduced tillage and crop residue management on soil properties and crop yields in a long-term trial in western Kenya, Jeremiah M. Okeyo, Jay Norton, Saidou Koala, Boaz Waswa, Job Kihara, and Andre Bationo

Impact of soil acidity and liming on soybean (Glycine max) nodulation and nitrogen fixation in Kenyan soils, Rukia Bakari, Nancy Mungai, Moses Thuita, and Cargele Masso

Impact of solar radiation rainfall and cannibalism on disappearance of maize stemborers in kenya, M. J. Bonhof and W. A. Overholt

Impact of Spillover Effects of Integrated Pest Management on Profitability of Non-mango Fruit Fly Infested Crops in Meru County, Kenya, Caroline W. Githiomi

Impact of temperature on the bionomics and geographical range margins of the two-spotted field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus in the world: Implications for its mass farming, Henlay J.O. Magara, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Brian L. Fisher, Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag, Saliou Niassy, James P. Egonyu, Sylvain Hugel, Nana Roos, Monica A. Ayieko, Subramanian Sevgan, and Sunday Ekesi

Impact of the exotic fall armyworm on larval parasitoids associated with the lepidopteran maize stemborers in Kenya, Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame, Julius Obonyo, Enock Mwangangi Sammy, Samira A. Mohamed, Sevgan Subramanian, Dora Chao Kilalo, Gerald Juma, and Paul André Calatayud

Impact of vector control interventions on malaria transmission intensity, outdoor vector biting rates and Anopheles mosquito species composition in Tororo, Uganda, Alex K. Musiime, David L. Smith, Maxwell Kilama, John Rek, Emmanuel Arinaitwe, Joaniter I. Nankabirwa, Moses R. Kamya, Melissa D. Conrad, Grant Dorsey, Anne M. Akol, Sarah G. Staedke, Steve W. Lindsay, and James P. Egonyu

Impact of violated high-dose refuge assumptions on evolution of Bt resistance, Pascal Campagne, Peter E. Smouse, Rémy Pasquet, Jean François Silvain, Bruno Le Ru, and Johnnie Van den Berg

Impact of Weather Shocks on Food Security: How Effective are Forests as Natural Insurance?, Kelvin Mulungu and Dale T. Manning

Impacts of Climate Change on the Distribution of African Wild Olive Tree in the Arid Environments of Northern Ethiopia, Yirga Gufi, Berihu Tesfamariam, Ashenafi Manaye, Ambago Desalegn, Tesfay Gidey, Haftu Abrha, and Sibhatleab Hintsa

Impacts of climate-resilient push–pull technology on farmers’ income in selected counties in Kenya and Tanzania: propensity score matching approach, Fredrick O. Ouya, Alice W. Murage, Jimmy O. Pittchar, Frank Chidawanyika, John A. Pickett, and Zeyaur R. Khan

Impacts of land use, anthropogenic disturbance, and harvesting on an African medicinal liana, Lauren McGeoch, Ian Gordon, and Johanna Schmitt

Impacts of plant spacing and nitrogen fertiliser on incidences and density of spotted and African pink stem borers in Tanzania, Bonaventure January, Gration M. Rwegasira, and Tadele Tefera

Implementation Outline of Climate-Smart One Health: A System-Thinking Approach, Ghislain T. Tepa-Yotto, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Stephen Yeboah, Michael Yao Osae, Awudu Amadu Gariba, Mustapha Dalaa, Faustina Obeng Adomaa, Osman Tahidu Damba, Reginald Kyere, Fidèle T. Moutouama, Cyriaque Agboton, Jeannette K. Winsou, Manuele Tamò, and Robert Zougmore

Importance of adult food sources to host searching of the larval parasitoid Microplitis croceipes, Keiji Takasu and W. J. Lewis

Importance of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in the restoration of a disturbed site in Kakamega forest, Simon N. Wandeto

Importance of contact chemical cues in host recognition and acceptance by the braconid larval endoparasitoids Cotesia sesamiae and Cotesia flavipes, Meshack Obonyo, Fritz Schulthess, Bruno Le Ru, Johnnie van den Berg, Jean François Silvain, and Paul André Calatayud

Importance of plant physical cues in host acceptance for oviposition by Busseola fusca, P. A. Calatayud, P. O. Ahuya, A. Wanjoya, B. Le Rü, J. F. Silvain, and B. Frérot

Importance of remotely-sensed vegetation variables for predicting the spatial distribution of African Citrus Triozid (Trioza erytreae) in Kenya, Kyalo Richard, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Samira A. Mohamed, Sunday Ekesi, Christian Borgemeister, and Tobias Landmann

Importance of the experimental setup in research on attractiveness of odours in moths: An example with Busseola fusca, P. A. Calatayud, P. Ahuya, and B. Le Ru

Importance of timing of application of the entomopathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae for the control of legume flower thrips, megalurothrips sjostedti and its persistence on cowpea, Sunday Ekesi, Nguya K. Maniania, Kwesi Ampong-Nyarko, and Abubakar D. Akpa

Importance of wild host plants for stem borer parasitoid diversity and control of parasitism in cereal cropping ecosystems in Kenya, Duna Madu Mailafiya

Important alien and potential native invasive insect pests of key fruit trees in Sub-Saharan Africa: advances in sustainable pre- and post-harvest management approaches, Shepard Ndlela, Saliou Niassy, and Samira A. Mohamed

Importation and Preliminary Evaluation of the Stem Boring Moth Buakea kaeuae1 as a Potential Biological Control Agent of Invasive Guineagrass, Megathyrsus maximus2, Ann T. Vacek, John A. Goolsby, Paul Andre Calatayud, Bruno Le Ru, Boaz Musyoka, and Rupesh R. Kariyat

Improved Attractants for Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann): Responses of Sterile and Wild Flies to (-) Enantiomer of Ceralure B1, Eric B. Jang, Tim Holler, Massimo Cristofaro, Slawomir Lux, Andre S. Raw, Amy L. Moses, and Lori A. Carvalho

Improved storage mitigates vulnerability to food-supply shocks in smallholder agriculture during the COVID-19 pandemic, M. Huss, M. Brander, M. Kassie, U. Ehlert, and T. Bernauer

Improvement of a synthetic lure for Anopheles gambiae using compounds produced by human skin microbiota, Niels O. Verhulst, Phoebe A. Mbadi, Gabriella Bukovinszkiné Kiss, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, Joop J.A. Van Loon, Willem Takken, and Renate C. Smallegange

Improving Pearl Millet Yield Estimation from UAV Imagery in the Semiarid Agroforestry System of Senegal Through Textural Indices and Reflectance Normalization, Serigne Mansour Diene, Ibrahima Diack, Alain Audebert, Olivier Roupsard, Louise Leroux, Abdoul Aziz Diouf, Modou Mbaye, Romain Fernandez, Moussa Diallo, and Idrissa Sarr

Improving phosphorus acquisition efficiency through modification of root growth responses to phosphate starvation in legumes, Zhijian Chen, Linjie Wang, Juan Andres Cardoso, Shengnan Zhu, Guodao Liu, Idupulapati M. Rao, and Yan Lin

Improving Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) for tsetse flies through research on their symbionts and pathogens, Adly M.M. Abd-Alla, Max Bergoin, Andrew G. Parker, Nguya K. Maniania, Just M. Vlak, Kostas Bourtzis, Drion G. Boucias, and Serap Aksoy

In and out of Africa: Parasitoids used for biological control of fruit flies, Samira A. Mohamed, Mohsen M. Ramadan, and Sunday Ekesi

Incentivizing and nudging farmers to spread information: Experimental evidence from Ethiopia, Solomon Balew, Erwin Bulte, Zewdu Abro, and Menale Kassie

Incidence and distribution of banana nematodes and weevils in Kenya, S. W. Waudo, K. V. Seshu Reddy, and M. C. Lubega

Incidence, diapause and carry over of the cereal stem borers on rusinga island, kenya, G. C. Unnithan and Seshu V.S. Reddy

Incidence of larval and pupal parasitoids of Lepidoptera in Uganda with special reference to new associations, I. Rwomushana, S. Kyamanywa, A. J. Ngi-Song, and C. O. Omwega

Incomplete sexual isolation in sympatry between subspecies of the butterfly Danaus chrysippus (L.) and the creation of a hybrid zone, G. Lushai, D. A.S. Smith, I. J. Gordon, D. Goulson, J. A. Allen, and N. Maclean

Incomplete systemic movement of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum and the occurrence of latent infections in xanthomonas wilt-infected banana mats, W. Ocimati, G. V. Nakato, K. M. Fiaboe, F. Beed, and G. Blomme

Increased sensitivity to a natural pyrethrum extract of Trypanosoma-infected Glossina morsitans, T. K. Golder, L. H. Otieno, N. Y. Patel, and P. Onyango

Increase in respiratory rate during feeding in larvae of the armyworm, Spodoptera exempta, D. J. AIDLEY

Increasing coffee berry borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) female density in artificial diet decreases fecundity, Fernando E. Vega, Matthew Kramer, and Juliana Jaramillo

Independent and interactive effect of plant- and mammalian- based odors on the response of the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, Juliah W. Jacob, David P. Tchouassi, Zipporah O. Lagat, Evan M. Mathenge, Collins K. Mweresa, and Baldwyn Torto

Indigenous hosts of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Kenya, Robert S. Copeland, Robert A. Wharton, Quentin Luke, and Marc De Meyer

Indigenous knowledge of rift valley fever among somali nomadic pastoralists and its implications on public health delivery approaches in ijara sub-county, North Eastern Kenya, Geoffrey Otieno Muga, Washington Onyango-Ouma, Rosemary Sang, and Hippolyte Affognon

Induction of host resistance to Rhipicephalus appendiculatus in rabbits: Effects of immunizing with detergent-solubilized tick tissue proteins, T. S. Dhadialla, B. Rutti, and M. Brossard

Infection of malaria (Anopheles gambiae s.s.) and filariasis (Culex quinquefasciatus) vectors with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, Ernst Jan Scholte, Basilio N. Njiru, Renate C. Smallegange, Willem Takken, and Bart G.J. Knols

Infection rates in Glossina morsitans morsitans fed on waterbuck and Boran cattle infected with Trypanosoma congolense, Steve Mihok, Reardon O. Olubayo, and David F. Wesonga

Infectivity of Deinbollia mosaic virus, a novel weed-infecting begomovirus in East Africa, Martina Kyallo, Elijah Miinda Ateka, Peter Sseruwagi, José Trinidad Ascencio-Ibáñez, Mildred Ochwo Ssemakula, Robert Skilton, and Joseph Ndunguru

Infectivity of Entomopathogenic Fungal Isolates Against Tarnished Plant Bug Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera: Miridae), Nguya K. Maniania, Maribel M. Portilla, Fayaz M. Amnulla, David K. Mfuti, Andrei Darie, Geetika Dhiman, and Ishtiaq M. Rao

Infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in patients attending rural health centres in western Kenya, L. C. Gouagna, B. A. Okech, E. W. Kabiru, G. F. Killeen, P. Obare, S. Ombonya, J. C. Bier, B. G.J. Knols, J. I. Githure, and G. Yan

Infestation Levels and Molecular Identification Based on Mitochondrial COI Barcode Region of Five Invasive Gelechiidae Pest Species in Kenya, G. Kinyanjui, F. M. Khamis, F. L.O. Ombura, E. U. Kenya, S. Ekesi, and S. A. Mohamed

Influence of age and previous diet of Anopheles gambiae on the infectivity of natural Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes from human volunteers, Bernard A. Okech, Louis C. Gouagna, Ephantus W. Kabiru, John C. Beier, Guiyun Yan, and John I. Githure

Influence of biological and physicochemical characteristics of larval habitats on the body size of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) along the Kenyan coast, Joseph M. Mwangangi, Charles M. Mbogo, Ephantus J. Muturi, Joseph G. Nzovu, Ephantus W. Kabiru, John I. Githure, Robert J. Novak, and John C. Beier

Influence of d(+)-glucosamine on infection rates and parasite loads in tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) infected with Trypanosoma brucei, Steve Mihok, Leonard H. Otieno, Nafisa Darji, and David Munyinyi

Influence of dietary experience on the induction of preference of adult moths and larvae for a new olfactory cue, Christophe Petit, Bruno Le Ru, Stéphane Dupas, Brigitte Frérot, Peter Ahuya, Laure Kaiser-Arnauld, Myriam Harry, and Paul André Calatayud

Influence of exposure period and management methods on the effectiveness of chickens as predators of ticks infesting cattle, S. M. Hassan, O. O. Dipeolu, and D. M. Munyinyi

Influence of Farmyard Manure Application on Potential Zinc Solubilizing Microbial Species Abundance in a Ferralsol of Western Kenya, Peter Bolo, Monicah Wanjiku Mucheru-Muna, Romano Kachiuru Mwirichia, Michael Kinyua, George Ayaga, and Job Kihara

Influence of feeding-damaged plants on the oviposition responses within a community of female moths, Eric Siaw Ntiri, Paul Andre Calatayud, Boaz Musyoka, Johnnie Van den Berg, and Bruno Pierre Le Ru

Influence of group size and composition on soldier differentiation in female final larval instars of a higher termite, Macrotermes michaelseni, B. M. OKOT‐KOTBER

Influence of honeydew and artificial adult diets on longevity, fecundity and fertility of the sorghum shootfly, Atherigona soccata Rond. (Dipt., Muscidae), G. C. Unnithan and D. N. Mathenge

Influence of Host-Plant Surface Chemicals on the Oviposition of the Cereal Stemborer Busseola Fusca, Gerald Juma, Gilles Clément, Peter Ahuya, Ahmed Hassanali, Sylvie Derridj, Cyrile Gaertner, Romain Linard, Bruno Le Ru, Brigitte Frérot, and Paul André Calatayud

Influence of indoor microclimate and diet on survival of Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae) in village house conditions in western Kenya, Bernard A. Okech, Louis C. Gouagna, Bart G.J. Knols, Ephantus W. Kabiru, Gerry F. Killeen, John C. Beier, Guiyun Yan, and John I. Githure

Influence of inoculated gut bacteria on the development of Bactrocera dorsalis and on its susceptibility to the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, Joseph Gichuhi, Fathiya Khamis, Johnnie Van den Berg, Samira Mohamed, Sunday Ekesi, and Jeremy K. Herren

Influence of landscape on foraging range and homing ability of afrotropical stingless bees, W. Kasiera, S. Kariuki, M. Musonye, K. Krausa, and N. Kiatoko

Influence of maize row spacing on infestation and damage of intercropped beans by the bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.). I. Incidence of aphids, M. W. Ogenga-Latigo, J. K.O. Ampofo, and C. W. Baliddawa

Influence of maize row spacing on infestation and damage of intercropped beans by the bean aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.). II. Reduction in bean yields, M. W. Ogenga-Latigo, C. W. Baliddawa, and J. K.O. Ampofo

Influence of optical cues from conspecific females on escalation decisions during male-male interactions of jumping spiders, Fiona R. Cross, Robert R. Jackson, Simon D. Pollard, and Mark W. Walker

Influence of prolonged dietary experience during the larval stage on novel odour preferences in adults of noctuid stem borer moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Christophe Petit, Peter Ahuya, Bruno Le Ru, Laure Kaiser-Arnauld, Myriam Harry, and Paul André Calatayud

Influence of seeing a red face during the male–male encounters of mosquito-specialist spiders, Fiona R. Cross, Robert R. Jackson, and Lisa A. Taylor

Influence of Si in maize plants in Kenyan populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Ovide Nuambote-Yobila, Boaz Musyoka, Elijah Njuguna, Anani Yaovi Bruce, Fathia Khamis, Sevgan Subramanian, Frédéric Marion-Poll, and Paul André Calatayud

Influence of socio-economic and agronomic factors on aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of maize in western Kenya, Nancy Karimi Njeru, Charles Aura Odhiambo Midega, James Wanjohi Muthomi, John Maina Wagacha, and Zeyaur Rahman Khan

Influence of soil quality in the larval habitat on development of Anopheles gambiae Giles, O. Pfaehler, D. O. Oulo, L. C. Gouagna, J. Githure, and P. M. Guerin

Influence of some agroforestry practices on the temporal structures of nematodes in western Kenya, Serigne T. Kandji, Callistus K.P.O. Ogol, and Alain Albrecht

Influence of Sugar Availability and Indoor Microclimate on Survival of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) under Semifield Conditions in Western Kenya, Bernard A. Okech, Louis C. Gouagna, Gerard F. Killeen, Bart G.J. Knols, Ephantus W. Kabiru, John C. Beier, Guiyan Yan, and John I. Githure

Influence of temperature on intra- And interspecific resource utilization within a community of lepidopteran maize stemborers, Eric Siaw Ntiri, Paul Andre Calatayud, Johnnie Van Den Berg, Fritz Schulthess, and Bruno Pierre Le Ru

Influence of temperature on in vitro growth of entomopathogenic hyphomycetes, J. Fargues, NK Maniania, JC Delmas, and N. Smits

Influence of temperature on selected life-history traits of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) reared on two common urban organic waste streams in Kenya, Marwa Shumo, Fathiya M. Khamis, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Sevgan Subramanian, Sunday Ekesi, Arnold Van Huis, and Christian Borgemeister

Influence of temperature on the interaction for resource utilization between fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and a community of lepidopteran maize stemborers larvae, Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame, François Rebaudo, Peter Malusi, Sevgan Subramanian, Dora Chao Kilalo, Gerald Juma, and Paul André Calatayud

Influence of temperature on virulence of fungal isolates of metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana to the two-spotted spider mite tetranychus urticae, David Mugisho Bugeme, Markus Knapp, Hamadi Iddi Boga, Anthony Kibira Wanjoya, and Nguya Kalemba Maniania

Influence of the host plant on the encyrtid aenasius bambawalei, a parasitoid used to control the cotton mealybug, phenacoccus solenopsis, in Pakistan, Hayat Badshah, Farman Ullah, Paul André Calatayud, Hidayat Ullah, and Bashir Ahmad

Influence of the termite Macrotermes michaelseni (Sjöst) on soil fertility and vegetation in a semi-arid savannah ecosystem, M. A. Arshad

Influence of the Type of Pollen Diet on the Survival, Body Weight, and Immune Response in the African Honeybee, Michael N.K. Muturi, Joel L. Bargul, and H. Michael G. Lattorff

Influence of three sorghum cultivars on the activity of the fungus metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sorok, Against Chilo Partellus, Nguya K. Maniania, K. N. Saxena, and A. Odulaja

Influence of trapping of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar 1824) on root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus goodeyi (Sher and Allen 1953) population densities and subsequent banana yield, K. V. Seshu Reddy, J. S. Prasad, L. Ngode, and R. A. Sikora

Influence of visual and olfactory cues on field trapping of the pollen beetle, Astylus atromaculatus (Col.: Melyridae), J. Van Den Berg, B. Torto, J. A. Pickett, L. E. Smart, L. J. Wadhams, and C. M. Woodcock

Infochemicals in mosquito host selection: Human skin microflora and Plasmodium parasites, Marieta A.H. Braks, Robert A. Anderson, and Bart G.J. Knols

Ingredients for understanding brain and behavioral evolution: Ecology, phylogeny, and mechanism, Stephen H. Montgomer, Adrian Currie, Dieter Lukas, Neeltje Boogert, Andrew Buskell, Fiona R. Cross, Sarah Jelbert, Shahar Avin, Rafael Mares, Ana F. Navarrete, Shuichi Shigeno, and Corina J. Logan

Inheritance of body color in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, A. A. Barrion and R. C. Saxena

Inheritance of 'domestication' traits in bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.), Shravani Basu, Sean Mayes, Michael Davey, Jeremy A. Roberts, Sayed N. Azam-Ali, Richard Mithen, and Remy S. Pasquet

Inheritance of resistance to the cowpea aphid in cowpea, G. A. Ombakho, A. P. Tyagi, and R. S. Pathak

Inhibiting post-harvest perishability of edible beetle grubs (Oryctes spp) by blanching and pre-treatment with sodium metabisulphite and ascorbic acid, Zipporah Wangari Maimba, John N. Kinyuru, George W. Wanjala, and James P. Egonyu

Inhibition of Glossina morsitans midgut trypsin activity by d-glucosamine, E. O. Osir, M. O. Imbuga, and P. Onyango

Inhibition of mitochondrial function in termite queen ovary by rabdosia diterpenoids, Isao Kubo, Nabil Abo-Khatwa, Takashi Kubota, and Makoto Taniguchi

Inhibitory effect of Trypanosoma brucei brucei on Glossina morsitans midgut trypsin in vitro, M. O. Imbuga, E. O. Osir, and V. L. Labongo

Innovative agronomic practices for sustainable intensification in sub-Saharan Africa. A review, Shem Kuyah, Gudeta Weldesemayat Sileshi, Libère Nkurunziza, Ngonidzashe Chirinda, Pierre Celestin Ndayisaba, Kangbéni Dimobe, and Ingrid Öborn

Innovative approaches to exploit host plant metabolites in malaria control, Baldwyn Torto

Innovative feedstocks for optimal mass production of the edible long-horned grasshopper, Ruspolia differens, Kababu Margaret, Mweresa K. Collins, Sevgan Subramanian, James P. Egonyu, Dorothy Nakimbugwe, Geoffrey Ssepuuya, Nyamu Faith, Sunday Ekesi, and Chrysantus M. Tanga

Innovative, sustainable, and circular agricultural systems for the future, Gerold Rahmann, Khalid Azim, Irena Brányiková, Mahesh Chander, Wahyudi David, Jan Willem Erisman, Daniel Grimm, Andrew Hammermeister, Li Ji, Anja Kuenz, Anne Kristin Løes, Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar, Daniel Neuhoff, Saliou Niassy, Victor Olowe, Mia Schoeber, Jessica Shade, Jörg Ullmann, and Arnold van Huis

Innovative tools and OpenHDS for health and demographic surveillance on Rusinga Island, Kenya Health Services Research, Tobias Homan, Aurelio Di Pasquale, Ibrahim Kiche, Kelvin Onoka, Alexandra Hiscox, Collins Mweresa, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, Willem Takken, and Nicolas Maire

Insect chemical ecology: chemically mediated interactions and novel applications in agriculture, Crispus M. Mbaluto, Pascal M. Ayelo, Alexandra G. Duffy, Anna L. Erdei, Anaїs K. Tallon, Siyang Xia, Gabriela Caballero-Vidal, Urban Spitaler, Magdolna O. Szelényi, Gonçalo A. Duarte, William B. Walker, and Paul G. Becher

Insect diversity is a good indicator of biodiversity status in Africa, Tobias Landmann, Michael Schmitt, Burak Ekim, Jandouwe Villinger, Faith Ashiono, Jan C. Habel, and Henri E.Z. Tonnang

Insect flower-visitors of African oil palm Elaeis guineensis at different sites and distances from natural vegetation in Uganda, James Peter Egonyu, Stephen Erisa Sisye, John Baguma, Milton Otema, and Gabriel Ddamulira

Insect frass fertilizer as a regenerative input for improved biological nitrogen fixation and sustainable bush bean production, Agnes Chepkorir, Dennis Beesigamukama, Harun I. Gitari, Shaphan Y. Chia, Sevgan Subramanian, Sunday Ekesi, Birachi Eliud Abucheli, Jean Claude Rubyogo, Theodore Zahariadis, Gina Athanasiou, Aikaterini Zachariadi, Vasileios Zachariadis, Abdou Tenkouano, and Chrysantus M. Tanga

Insect hormones as tsetse abortifacients, David L. Denlinger

Insecticidal effects of powdered parts of eight nigerian plant species against maize weevil sitophilus zeamais motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), E. F. Asawalam, S. O. Emosairue, F. Ekeleme, and R. C. Wokocha

Insecticide contamination in organic agriculture: Evidence from a long-term farming systems comparisons trial, Ivonne Kampermann, David Bautze, Millicent Mapili, Martha Musyoka, Edward Karanja, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Janet Irungu, and Noah Adamtey

Insecticide resistance in Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and Anopheles gambiae Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) could compromise the sustainability of malaria vector control strategies in West Africa, Olivier Gnankiné, Imael H.N. Bassolé, Fabrice Chandre, Isabelle Glitho, Martin Akogbeto, Roch K. Dabiré, and Thibaud Martin

Insecticide resistance modifies mosquito response to DEET and natural repellents, Emilie Deletre, Thibaud Martin, Claire Duménil, and Fabrice Chandre

Insecticide susceptibility of anopheles gambiae S.L and identification of some resistance mechanisms in Kwilu province in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Emery Metelo Matubi, Gillon Ilombe Kaounga, Josue Zanga, Guillaume Binene Mbuku, Jean Nguya Kalemba Maniania, Basimike Mulenda, Jonas Nagahuedi Mbongu Sodi, Jean Jacques Muyembe Tamfum, and Paul Masiangi

Insect immunity. Induction of cecropin and attacin-like antibacterial factors in the haemolymph of Glossina morsitans morsitans, Godwin P. Kaaya, Casper Flyg, and Hans G. Boman

Insect Net: A novel technology to promote integrated pest management on horticultural crops in Africa, T. Martin, M. Saidi, S. Niassy, S. Simon, F. Vidogbena, L. Parrot, S. Ekesi, E. Deletre, S. Subramanian, F. Assogba-Komlan, V. Baird, K. K.M. Fiaboe, M. Ngouajio, J. E. Simon, and A. Ratnadass

Insect oils and food safety regulations, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Cheseto Xavier, Margaret Kababu, Sevgan Subramanian, Dennis Beesigamukama, and Chia Y. Shaphan

Insect pests and beneficial arthropod populations under different hedgerow intercropping systems in semiarid Kenya, H. Girma, M. R. Rao, and S. Sithanantham

Insect pollination and pollinator supplementation enhances fruit weight, quality, and marketability of avocado (Persea americana), Rose Nyakemiso Sagwe, Marcell K. Peters, Thomas Dubois, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter, and H. Michael G. Lattorff

Insects as feed: Gendered knowledge attitudes and practices among poultry and Pond Fish farmers in Kenya, Elizabeth Waithanji, D. Hippolyte Affognon, Sarah King'ori, Gracious Diiro, Dorothy Nakimbugwe, and Komi K.M. Fiaboe

Insects feeding on Sesbania species in natural stands and agroforestry systems in southern Malawi, G. Sileshi, J. A. Maghembe, M. R. Rao, C. K.P.O. Ogol, and S. Sithanantham

Insects for income generation through animal feed: Effect of dietary replacement of soybean and fish meal with black soldier fly meal on broiler growth and economic performance, V. O. Onsongo, I. M. Osuga, C. K. Gachuiri, A. M. Wachira, D. M. Miano, C. M. Tanga, S. Ekesi, D. Nakimbugwe, and K. K.M. Fiaboe

Insects for Life – A brief history of icipe@50, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe)

Insects for sustainable animal feed: inclusive business models involving smallholder farmers, Shaphan Y. Chia, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Joop JA van Loon, and Marcel Dicke

Insects' RNA profiling reveals absence of "hidden break" in 28S ribosomal RNA molecule of onion thrips, thrips tabaci, Rosaline Wanjiru Macharia, Fidelis Levi Ombura, and Erick Onyango Aroko

Insight on Fruit Fly IPM Technology Uptake and Barriers to Scaling in Africa, Saliou Niassy, Beatrice Murithii, Evanson R. Omuse, Emily Kimathi, Henri Tonnang, Shepard Ndlela, Samira Mohamed, and Sunday Ekesi

Insights and challenges of insecticide resistance modelling in malaria vectors: a review, Eric Ali Ibrahim, Mark Wamalwa, John Odindi, and Henri Edouard Zefack Tonnang

Insights for the management of different locust species from new findings on the chemical ecology of the desert locust, Ahmed Hassanali and Magzoub Omer Bashir

Insights in the Global Genetics and Gut Microbiome of Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens: Implications for Animal Feed Safety Control, Fathiya M. Khamis, Fidelis L.O. Ombura, Komivi S. Akutse, Sevgan Subramanian, Samira A. Mohamed, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Weerachai Saijuntha, Joop J.A. Van Loon, Marcel Dicke, Thomas Dubois, Sunday Ekesi, and Chrysantus M. Tanga

Insights into malaria transmission among Anopheles funestus mosquitoes, Kenya, Edwin O. Ogola, Ulrike Fillinger, Isabella M. Ondiba, Jandouwe Villinger, Daniel K. Masiga, Baldwyn Torto, and David P. Tchouassi

Insights into malaria vectors–plant interaction in a dryland ecosystem, Fiona Kinya, Trizah K. Milugo, Clifford M. Mutero, Charles S. Wondji, Baldwyn Torto, and David P. Tchouassi

Insights into the evolutionary origin of mediterranean sandfly fever viruses, Marco Marklewitz, David P. Tchouassi, Christian Hieke, Verena Heyde, Baldwyn Torto, Rosemary Sang, and Sandra Junglen

Insights into the Gut Microbial Communities of Broiler Chicken Fed Black Soldier Fly Larvae-Desmodium-Based Meal as a Dietary Protein Source, Evalyne W. Ndotono, Fathiya M. Khamis, Joel L. Bargul, and Chrysantus M. Tanga

In Silico and Molecular Analysis of Xpta Protein Toxin Genes of Xenorhabdus Sp. and Efficacy of the Bacterium on Sitophilus Zeamais and Prostephanus Truncatus, Peter Ng'ang'a

Insights into the origin of the invasive populations of Trioza erytreae in Europe using microsatellite markers and mtDNA barcoding approaches, Omar Ruíz-Rivero, Andrés Garcia-Lor, Borja Rojas-Panadero, José Carlos Franco, Fathiya M. Khamis, Kerstin Kruger, Dina Cifuentes, Pablo Bielza, Alejandro Tena, Alberto Urbaneja, and Meritxell Pérez-Hedo

In situ nitrogen mineralization and nutrient release by soil amended with black soldier fly frass fertilizer, Dennis Beesigamukama, Benson Mochoge, Nicholas Korir, Changeh J. Ghemoh, Sevgan Subramanian, and Chrysantus M. Tanga

Instars and polymorphism of castes in Macrotermes michaelseni (Isoptera, Macrotermitinae), B. M. Okot-Kotber

Insularity and its impact on stingless bee honey properties: A case study in the Zanzibar Archipelago (Tanzania), Pierre Noiset, Robert M. Ndunda, Hosea O. Mokaya, Mary Chege, Nelly N. Ndungu, Nassor Sharifu, Nicolas J. Vereecken, and Kiatoko Nkoba

Integrated arthropod pest management systems for human health improvement in Africa, Johann Baumgärtner, Fritz Schulthess, and Yunlong Xia

Integrated decision support for sustainable and profitable land management in the lowlands of Central Asia, Nodir Djanibekov and Rolf Sommer

Integrated health interventions for improved livelihoods: A case study in Ethiopia, Menale Kassie, Zewdu Abro, Tesfamicheal Wossen, Samuel T. Ledermann, Gracious Diiro, Shifa Ballo, and Lulseged Belayhun

Integrated management of Aphis craccivora in cowpea using intercropping and entomopathogenic fungi under field conditions, Allan Mweke, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Christian Ulrichs, Komi Kouma Mokpokpo Fiaboe, Nguya Kalemba Maniania, and Sunday Ekesi

Integrated management of fruit flies-case studies from Uganda, Brian E. Isabirye, Caroline K. Nankinga, Alex Mayamba, Anne M. Akol, and Ivan Rwomushana

Integrated management of Spodoptera frugiperda 6 years post detection in Africa: a review, Ghislain T. Tepa-Yotto, Peter Chinwada, Ivan Rwomushana, Georg Goergen, and Sevgan Subramanian

Integrated management of Striga hermonthica and cereal stemborers in finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) through intercropping with Desmodium intortum, Charles A.O. Midega, Zeyaur R. Khan, David M. Amudavi, Jimmy Pittchar, and John A. Pickett

Integrated management of Striga hermonthica, stemborers, and declining soil fertility in western Kenya, B. Vanlauwe, F. Kanampiu, G. D. Odhiambo, H. De Groote, L. J. Wadhams, and Z. R. Khan

Integrated mosquito larval source management reduces larval numbers in two highland villages in western Kenya, Susan S. Imbahale, Andrew Githeko, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, and Willem Takken

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and One Health — a call for action to integrate, Timo Falkenberg, Sunday Ekesi, and Christian Borgemeister

Integrated pest management of Tuta absoluta: practical implementations across different world regions, Nicolas Desneux, Peng Han, Ramzi Mansour, Judit Arnó, Thierry Brévault, Mateus R. Campos, Anais Chailleux, Raul N.C. Guedes, Javad Karimi, Kouassi Arthur J. Konan, Anne violette Lavoir, María G. Luna, Meritxell Perez-Hedo, Alberto Urbaneja, François J. Verheggen, Lucia Zappalà, Khaled Abbes, Abid Ali, Yunus Bayram, Fernando Cantor, Andrew G.S. Cuthbertson, Raf De Vis, Fedai Erler, Dnyaneshwar M. Firake, Khalid Haddi, M. Jamal Hajjar, Khasan Ismoilov, and Coline C. Jaworski

Integrated pest management strategy for cowpea production under residual soil moisture in the bida area of northern Nigeria, Aliyageen M. Alghali

Integrated pest management: The push-pull approach for controlling insect pests and weeds of cereals, and its potential for other agricultural systems including animal husbandry, Ahmed Hassanali, Hans Herren, Zeyaur R. Khan, John A. Pickett, and Christine M. Woodcock

Integrated rainwater harvesting practices for poverty reduction under climate change: Micro-evidence from Ethiopia, Anteneh Girma, Menale Kassie, Siegfried Bauer, and Walter Leal Filho

Integrated Soil Fertility Management: Aggregate carbon and nitrogen stabilization in differently textured tropical soils, R. M. Gentile, B. Vanlauwe, and J. Six

Integrated soil fertility management: from concept to practice in Eastern DR Congo, Isabel Lambrecht, Bernard Vanlauwe, and Miet Maertens

Integrated soil fertility management sequences for reducing climate risk in smallholder crop production systems in southern Africa, Hatirarami Nezomba, Florence Mtambanengwe, Jairos Rurinda, and Paul Mapfumo

Integrated vector management for malaria control, John C. Beier, Joseph Keating, John I. Githure, Michael B. MacDonald, Daniel E. Impoinvil, and Robert J. Novak

Integrating a crop model with a greenhouse gas calculator to identify low carbon agricultural intensification options for smallholder farmers in rural South Africa, Farirai Rusere, Lynn V. Dicks, Siyabusa Mkuhlani, and Olivier Crespo

Integrating APSIM model with machine learning to predict wheat yield spatial distribution, Ahmed M.S. Kheir, Siyabusa Mkuhlani, Jane W. Mugo, Abdelrazek Elnashar, Vinay Nangia, Medha Devare, and Ajit Govind

Integrating edible insect into circular agriculture for sustainable production, Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame, Joel Cornelius Runyu, and Henri E.Z. Tonnang

Integrating satellite remote sensing data and small-scale farmers’ perceptions to determine land use/ land cover changes and their driving factors in Gedaref state, Sudan, Maysoon A.A. Osman, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Joshua Orungo Onono, Muna M. Elhag, Lydia A. Olaka, and Henri E.Z. Tonnang

Integrating seasonal forecast information with crop models to inform decision making in small-scale farming under climate variability, Siyabusa Mkuhlani, Farirai Rusere, Nkulumo Zinyengere, and Olivier Crespo

Integrating Sentinel-2 Derivatives to Map Land Use/Land Cover in an Avocado Agro-Ecological System in Kenya, Eunice W. King’ori, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Paul Obade, Bester Tawona Mudereri, Marian Adan, Tobias Landmann, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, and Thomas Dubois

Integrating temperature-dependent development and reproduction models for predicting population growth of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari, Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag and Régis Babin

Integrating temperature-dependent life table data into Insect Life Cycle Model for predicting the potential distribution of Scapsipedus icipe Hugel & Tanga, Magara H.J. Otieno, Monica A. Ayieko, Saliou Niassy, Daisy Salifu, Azrag G.A. Abdelmutalab, Khamis M. Fathiya, Sevgan Subramanian, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Nana Roos, Sunday Ekesi, and Chrysantus M. Tanga

Integrating the Strength of Multi-Date Sentinel-1 and-2 Datasets for Detecting Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Orchards in a Semi-Arid Environment in Zimbabwe, Bester Tawona Mudereri, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Shepard Ndlela, Louisa Delfin Mutsa Makumbe, Christabel Chiedza Nyanga, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, and Samira A. Mohamed

Integrating Vegetables in Push-Pull Technology: Gendered Preferences of Smallholder Farmers in Western Kenya, F. O. Ouya, J. O. Pittchar, F. Chidawanyika, and Z. R. Khan

Integration of edible beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) into the push-pull technology developed for stemborer and Striga control in maize-based cropping systems, Zeyaur R. Khan, Charles A.O. Midega, Japhether M. Wanyama, David M. Amudavi, Ahmed Hassanali, Jimmy Pittchar, and John A. Pickett

Integration of invasive tree, black locust, into agro-ecological flower visitor networks induces competition for pollination services, Gerald Chikowore, Sandy Lynn Steenhuisen, Reyard Mutamiswa, Grant D. Martin, and Frank Chidawanyika

Integrative taxonomy of Acrapex stem borers (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Apameini): Combining morphology and poisson tree process analyses, Bruno P. Le Ru, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Emmanuel F.A. Toussaint, Desmond Conlong, Johnnie Van Den Berg, Beatrice Pallangyo, George Ong'amo, Gilson Chipabika, Richard Molo, William A. Overholt, James P. Cuda, and Gael J. Kergoat

Integrative taxonomy reveals six new species related to the Mediterranean corn stalk borer Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefèbvre) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Sesamiina), Gael J. Kergoat, Emmanuel F.A. Toussaint, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Anne Laure Clamens, George Ong'amo, Desmond Conlong, Johnnie van Den Berg, Domingos Cugala, Beatrice Pallangyo, Onesime Mubenga, Gilson Chipabika, Rose Ndemah, Michel Sezonlin, Gregoire Bani, Richard Molo, Abdalla Ali, Paul Andre Calatayud, Laure Kaiser, Jean Francois Silvain, and Bruno Le Ru

Intensity of adoption of integrated pest management practices in Rwanda: A fractional logit approach, Vincent Gadamba Misango, Jonathan Makau Nzuma, Patrick Irungu, and Menale Kassie

Interaction between Chrysocharis flacilla and Diglyphus isaea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Two Parasitoids of Liriomyza Leafminers, Samuel K. Muchemi, Claus P.W. Zebitz, Christian Borgemeister, Komivi S. Akutse, Caroline N. Foba, Sunday Ekesi, and Komi K.M. Fiaboe

Interaction between phaedrotoma scabriventris nixon and opius dissitus muesebeck (hymenoptera: Braconidae): endoparasitoids of liriomyza leafminer, C. N. Foba, Z. O. Lagat, L. M. Gitonga, K. S. Akutse, and K. K.M. Fiaboe

Interaction between Two Leafminer Parasitoids, Halticoptera arduine (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and Diglyphus isaea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), in the Management of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae), Samuel K. Muchemi, Claus P.W. Zebitz, Christian Borgemeister, Komivi S. Akutse, Caroline N. Foba, Sunday Ekesi, and Komi K.M. Fiaboe

Interactions among Plants, Insects, and Microbes: Elucidation of Inter-Organismal Chemical Communications in Agricultural Ecology, John J. Beck, Hans T. Alborn, Anna K. Block, Shawn A. Christensen, Charles T. Hunter, Caitlin C. Rering, Irmgard Seidl-Adams, Charles J. Stuhl, Baldwyn Torto, and James H. Tumlinson

Interactions among vegetable-infesting aphids, the fungal pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) and the predatory coccinellid Cheilomenes lunata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Wakuma Bayissa, Sunday Ekesi, Samira A. Mohamed, Godwin P. Kaaya, John M. Wagacha, Rachid Hanna, and Nguya K. Maniania

Interactions between Bacillus thuringiensis and selected plant extracts for sustainable management of Phthorimaea absoluta, Terry A. Ochieng, Komivi S. Akutse, Inusa J. Ajene, Dora C. Kilalo, Maina Muiru, and Fathiya M. Khamis

Interactions between integrated pest management, pollinator introduction, and landscape context on avocado Persea americana productivity, Nadia K. Toukem, Samira A. Mohamed, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, H. Michael G. Lattorff, Robert S. Copeland, and Thomas Dubois

Interactions between integrated pest management, pollinator supplementation, and normalized difference vegetation index in pumpkin, Cucurbita maxima (Cucurbitales: Cucurbitaceae), production, Nduta A. Waithaka, Muo Kasina, Namikoye E. Samita, Mary M. Guantai, Evanson R. Omuse, Nadia K. Toukem, Michael G.H. Lattorff, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Marian Adan, Samira A. Mohamed, and Thomas Dubois

Interactions between Phaedrotoma scabriventris Nixon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Diglyphus isaea Walker (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), parasitoids of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae), K. S. Akutse, J. Van den Berg, N. K. Maniania, K. K.M. Fiaboe, and S. Ekesi

Interactions between the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and Trypanosoma congolense, Lawrence W. Githendu

Interactions between the Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 20 and the Endoparasitoid Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris, and Implications for Combined Biocontrol of Tuta absoluta, Sahadatou Mama Sambo, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Hannalene du Plessis, Pascal Osa Aigbedion-Atalor, Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed, and Shepard Ndlela

Interactions between two parasitoids of tephritidae: Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (ashmead) and psyttalia cosyrae (wilkinson) (hymenoptera: Braconidae), under laboratory conditions, Shepard Ndlela, Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed, Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag, Paul Nduati Ndegwa, George Otieno Ong’amo, and Sunday Ekesi

Interactions of fertilizer, cultivar selection, and infestation by cowpea aphid (aphididae) on growth and yield of cowpeas, I. Billy Annan, K. Ampong-Nyarko, Ward M. Tingey, and George A. Schaefers

Interactions of two natural enemies of Tetranychus evansi, the fungal pathogen Neozygites floridana (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) and the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus longipes (Acari: Phytoseiidae), V. W. Wekesa, G. J. Moraes, M. Knapp, and I. Delalibera

Intercropping desmodium and maize improves nitrogen and phosphorus availability and performance of maize in Kenya, Pierre Celestin Ndayisaba, Shem Kuyah, Charles Aura Odhiambo Midega, Peter Njoroge Mwangi, and Zeyaur Rahman Khan

Intercropping increases parasitism of pests [4], Z. R. Khan, K. Ampong-Nyarko, P. Chiliswa, A. Hassanali, S. Kimani, W. Lwande, W. A. Overholt, J. A. Pickett, L. E. Smart, L. J. Wadhams, and C. M. Woodcock

Intercropping Maize–Faba Bean Reduced Yield and Economic Losses Caused by Busseola fusca (Fuller) in Semiarid Area, Tesfay Gidey, Daniel Hagos Berhe, Emiru Birhane, Haftu Abrha, and Yirga Gufi

Interdisciplinary malaria vector research and training for Africa, Gerry F. Killeen, Bart G.J. Knols, Ulrike Fillinger, John C. Beier, and Louis C. Gouagna

Inter-larval competition and its subsequent effect on Pediobius furvus (Hym.: Eulophidae) broods for the management of graminaceous stem borers, A. H. Duale and B. A. Okwakpam

Inter-population variation and phenotypic plasticity in kairomone use by a poly-specialist spider-eating predator, Ana M. Cerveira and Robert R. Jackson

Interpopulation variation in kairomone use by Cyrba algerina, an araneophagic jumping spider from Portugal, Ana M. Cerveira and Robert R. Jackson

Interrelationship among Chilo partellus (SWINHOE) Damage Parameters and Their Contribution to Grain Yield Reduction in Maize (Zea mays L.), S. O. Ajala and K. N. Saxena

Interspecific competition between Diadegma semiclausum Hellen and Diadegma mollipla (Holmgren), parasitoids of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L), feeding on a new host plant, A. Rossbach, B. Löhr, and S. Vidal

Interspecific competition between egg parasitoids: Native Fopius caudatus and exotic Fopius arisanus, in Ceratitis cosyra, Miriam Frida Karlsson, Espérantos O. de Souza, Pascal M. Ayelo, Joseph Ayomidé Zannou, Gbelidji Souvenir Blaise Mègnigbèto, and Aimé H. Bokonon-Ganta

Interspecific competition between Xanthopimpla stemmator Thunberg and Dentichasmias busseolae Heinrich (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), pupal parasitoids attacking Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in East Africa, Benjamin K. Muli, Fritz Schulthess, Rosebella O. Maranga, Helen L. Kutima, and Nanqing Jiang

Intra- and interspecific aggregation responses of locusta migratoria migratorioides and schistocerca gregaria and a comparison of their pheromone emissions, Abdoulaye Niassy, Baldwyn Torto, Peter G.N. Njagi, Ahmed Hassanali, Daniel Obeng-Ofori, and Jonathan N. Ayertey

Intracellular regulation of the insect chemoreceptor complex impacts odour localization in flying insects, Merid N. Getahun, Michael Thoma, Sofia Lavista-Llanos, Ian Keesey, Richard A. Fandino, Markus Knaden, Dieter Wicher, Shannon B. Olsson, and Bill S. Hansson

Intraspecific specialization of the generalist parasitoid Cotesia sesamiae revealed by polyDNAvirus polymorphism and associated with different Wolbachia infection, Antoine Branca, Bruno Pierre Le Ru, Fabrice Vavre, Jean François Silvain, and Stéphane Dupas

Intricate predatory decisions by a mosquito-specialist spider from Malaysia, Robert R. Jackson, Daiqin Li, Jeremy R.W. Woon, Rosli Hashim, and Fiona R. Cross

Intrinsic competition between two oligophagous parasitoids, Sturmiopsis parasitica and Cotesia sesamiae, attacking the same life stages of lepidopteran cereal stemborers, O. M. Mucheru, N. Jiang, J. Kongoro, A. Y. Bruce, and F. Schulthess

Invasion risk by fruit trees mealybug Rastrococcus invadens (Williams) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) under climate warming, Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag, Samira A. Mohamed, Shepard Ndlela, and Sunday Ekesi

Invasiveness, biology, ecology, and management of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, Marc Kenis, Giovanni Benelli, Antonio Biondi, Paul André Calatayud, Roger Day, Nicolas Desneux, Rhett D. Harrison, Darren Kriticos, Ivan Rwomushana, Johnnie van den Berg, François Verheggen, Yong Jun Zhang, Lakpo Koku Agboyi, Régis Besmer Ahissou, Malick N. Ba, Julio Bernal, Adeney Freitas de Bueno, Yves Carrière, Geraldo Andrade Carvalho, Xue Xin Chen, Lizette Cicero, Hannalene du Plessis, Regan Early, Patrick Fallet, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Dnyaneshwar M. Firake, Georg Goergen, and Astrid T. Groot

Inventory reveals wide biodiversity of edible insects in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, Jackson Ishara, Rodrigue Ayagirwe, Katcho Karume, Gustave N. Mushagalusa, David Bugeme, Saliou Niassy, Patchimaporn Udomkun, and John Kinyuru

Invertebrate endocrinology: Steroids...the earliest hormones, David L. Whitehead

Investigating antimicrobial resistance genes in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania cattle using metagenomics, Kauthar M. Omar, George L. Kitundu, Adijat O. Jimoh, Dorcus N. Namikelwa, Felix M. Lisso, Abiola A. Babajide, Seun E. Olufemi, and Olaitan I. Awe

Investigating the unaccounted ones: insights on age-dependent reproductive loss in a viviparous fly, Sinead English, Antoine M.G. Barreaux, Robert Leyland, Jennifer S. Lord, John W. Hargrove, Glyn A. Vale, and Lee R. Haines

Investigating the viral ecology of global bee communities with high-throughput metagenomics, David A. Galbraith, Zachary L. Fuller, Allyson M. Ray, Axel Brockmann, Maryann Frazier, Mary W. Gikungu, J. Francisco Iturralde Martinez, Karen M. Kapheim, Jeffrey T. Kerby, Sarah D. Kocher, Oleksiy Losyev, Elliud Muli, Harland M. Patch, Cristina Rosa, Joyce M. Sakamoto, Scott Stanley, Anthony D. Vaudo, and Christina M. Grozinger

Investigation of Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) severity and cropping systems mapping in agro-ecological maize systems in Bomet, Kenya utilizing RapidEye and Landsat-8 Imagery, Hossein Jafari Jozani, Michael Thiel, Elfatih Mohamed Abdel-Rahman, Kyalo Richard, Tobias Landmann, Sevgan Subramanian, and Michael Hahn

Investment in compliance with GlobalGAP standards: Does it pay off for small-scale producers in Kenya?, Solomon Asfaw, Dagmar Mithöfer, and Hermann Waibel

In vitro and field evaluation of selected spices as botanical fungicide for management of Phytophthora infestans, causative agent for late blight in tomato, Geraldin M.W. Lengai, James W. Muthomi, Ernest R. Mbega, and Xavier Cheseto

In vitro antifungal activity of Desmodium intortum and D. uncinatum root extracts against growth of toxigenic Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus flavus, Nancy Karimi Njeru, Charles Aura Odhiambo Midega, James Wanjohi Muthomi, John Maina Wagacha, and Zeyaur Rahman Khan

In vitro effects of Warburgia ugandensis, Psiadia punctulata and Chasmanthera dependens on Leishmania major promastigotes, Edward K. Githinji, Lucy W. Irungu, Willy K. Tonui, Geoffrey M. Rukunga, Charles Mutai, Charles N. Muthaura, Reuben Lugalia, Geoffrey Gikandi, Caroline W. Wainaina, Johnston M. Ingonga, and Antony Wanjoya

In vitro liquid culture of the mollusc-parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae), A. Pieterse, S. Haukeland, V. Půža, J. L. Ross, and A. P. Malan

IpyDisp v2 alias DuduTracker: A web-based version, Komi Mensah Agboka, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Samira A. Mohamed, and Sunday Ekesi

Is bigger better? Apidae (Xylocopinae), megachilidae and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) pollination, Everlyne N. Wousla, Mebeaselassie Andargie, Remy S. Pasquet, Marjolaine Mondon, Veronique Menez, Caroline Cochin, Lenaic Paul, Lenaic Pardon, and Marc Roubaud

Is genome size of Lepidoptera linked to host plant range?, P. A. Calatayud, C. Petit, N. Burlet, S. Dupas, N. Glaser, C. Capdevielle-Dulac, B. Le Ru, E. Jacquin-Joly, L. Kaiser-Arnauld, M. Harry, and C. Vieira

Is it possible to discern Striga weed (Striga hermonthica) infestation levels in maize agro-ecological systems using in-situ spectroscopy?, Bester Tawona Mudereri, Timothy Dube, Saliou Niassy, Emily Kimathi, Tobias Landmann, Zeyaur Khan, and Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman

Isoflavanones from the allelopathic aqueous root exudate of Desmodium uncinatum, Muniru K. Tsanuo, Ahmed Hassanali, Antony M. Hooper, Zeyaur Khan, Festus Kaberia, John A. Pickett, and Lester J. Wadhams

Isolation and characterization of actinobacteria with potential for control of fusarium spp and colletotrichum kahawae, James Oluoch Nonoh

Isolation And Characterization Of Cellulolytic Bacteria From Soils Excavated From Geothermal Wells Along The Kenyan Rift Valley, Irene Kiio Kateve

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers from Teretrius nigrescens Lewis (Coleoptera: Histeridae), predator of the storage pest Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), A. B. Omondi, L. C. Orantes, J. Van Den Berg, D. Masiga, and F. Schulthess

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the newly discovered invasive fruit fly pest in Africa, Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae), F. Khamis, N. Karam, C. R. Guglielmino, S. Ekesi, D. Masiga, M. De Meyer, E. U. Kenya, and A. R. Malacrida

Isolation and identification of Desmodium root exudates from drought tolerant species used as intercrops against Striga hermonthica, A. M. Hooper, J. C. Caulfield, B. Hao, J. A. Pickett, C. A.O. Midega, and Z. R. Khan

Isolation and phylogenetic characterization of arboviruses circulating among phlebotomine sandflies in parts of North Rift, Kenya, Edith Koskei, Solomon Langat, James Mutisya, Francis Mulwa, Joel Lutomiah, Hellen Koka, Samuel O. Oyola, Rebecca Waihenya, Sepha N. Mabeya, and Rosemary Sang

Isolation, Evaluation And Molecular Characterisation Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Isolates Against Prostephanus Truncatus, A Major Storage Pest In Maize, Jane Wamaitha Mwathi

Isolation, identification, and biological activity of trail-following pheromone of termite Trinervitermes bettonianus (Sjöstedt) (Termitidae:Nasutitermitinae), Phillip G. McDowell and Gilbert W. Oloo

Isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from the soil and their pathogenicity to two fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae), P. Sookar, S. Bhagwant, and E. Awuor Ouna

Isolation of leishmanial parasites from a wild caught Anopheles gambiae mosquito in Kenya, C. M. Mutero, M. J. Mutinga, and R. Musyoki

Isolation of mosquito-toxic bacteria from mosquito-breeding sites in Kenya., E. J. Asimeng and M. J. Mutinga

Isolation of tick and mosquito-borne arboviruses from ticks sampled from livestock and wild animal hosts in Ijara District, Kenya, Olivia Wesula Lwande, Joel Lutomiah, Vincent Obanda, Francis Gakuya, James Mutisya, Francis Mulwa, George Michuki, Edith Chepkorir, Anne Fischer, Marietjie Venter, and Rosemary Sang

Isolation of Trypanosoma brucei from the monitor lizard (Varanus niloticus) in an endemic focus of rhodesian sleeping sickness in Kenya, Zipporah Njagu, Steve Mihok, Elizabeth Kokwaro, and Didier Verloo

Isolation of Trypanosoma spp. from wild tsetse flies through procyclic expansion in Glossina morsitans centralis, Steve Mihok, Eli N. Munyoki, Freddie Masaninga, Paul N. Ndegwa, and Reardon O. Olubayo

Isolation, phylogeny and evolution of the SymRK gene in the legume genus Lupinus L., Frédéric Mahé, Dragomira Markova, Rémy Pasquet, Marie Thérèse Misset, and Abdelkader Aïnouche

Isoliensinine from Cissampelos pariera rhizomes exhibits potential gametocytocidal and anti-malarial activities against Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates, Jackson M. Muema, James M. Mutunga, Meshack A. Obonyo, Merid N. Getahun, Ramadhan S. Mwakubambanya, Hoseah M. Akala, Agnes C. Cheruiyot, Redemptah A. Yeda, Dennis W. Juma, Ben Andagalu, Jaree L. Johnson, Amanda L. Roth, and Joel L. Bargul

Isopentyl Butanoate: Aggregation Pheromone of the Brown Spiny Bug, Clavigralla tomentosicollis (Hemiptera: Coreidae), and Kairomone for the Egg Parasitoid Gryon sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), Hilaire Kpongbe, Johnnie Van Den Berg, Fathiya Khamis, Manuele Tamò, and Baldwyn Torto

Isoschaftoside, a C-glycosylflavonoid from Desmodium uncinatum root exudate, is an allelochemical against the development of Striga, Antony M. Hooper, Muniru K. Tsanuo, Keith Chamberlain, Kay Tittcomb, Julie Scholes, Ahmed Hassanali, Zeyaur R. Khan, and John A. Pickett

Isozyme analysis of Kenyan phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Ppsychodidae) by isoelectric focusing (IEF) on pharmacia phast system™, H. Mahamat, A. Hassanali, H. Morgan, M. J. Mutinaga, S. Mihok, and N. N. Massamba

Isozyme diversity in Bambara groundnut, Rémy S. Pasquet, Sonya Schwedes, and Paul Gepts

Isozyme diversity in Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich (Fabaceae) complex, M. Garba and R. S. Pasquet

Isozyme polymorphism in some yellow-and blue-flowered Vigna species complexes (Fabaceae, Phaseoleae), Remy S. Pasquet and Thierry Vanderborght

Isozyme polymorphism in the Vigna frutescens-V. membranacea complex (Tribe Phaseoleae, Fabaceae), Rémy S. Pasquet and Thierry Vanderborght

Isozyme polymorphism within section reticulatae of genus Vigna (Tribe Phaseoleae: Fabaceae), Maimouna Garba and Rémy S. Pasquet

Is quality more important than quantity? Insect behavioural responses to changes in a volatile blend after stemborer oviposition on an African grass, Toby J.A. Bruce, Charles A.O. Midega, Michael A. Birkett, John A. Pickett, and Zeyaur R. Khan

Ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and livestock production: effect of varying acaricide treatments on ticks and productivity in east coast fever-immunized weaner and dairy cattle., A. O. Amoo, O. O. Dipeolu, P. B. Capstick, D. M. Munyinyi, L. N. Gichuru, and T. R. Odhiambo

Jatropha gossypiifolia (Euphorbiaceae), a source of proteins toxic to phenacoccus herreni (Sternorryncha: Pseudococcidae), Paul Andre Calatayud, Diego F. Munera, Sabine Calatayud, Arnubio Valencia-Jimenez, and Anthony C. Bellotti

Jingmen Tick Virus in Ticks from Kenya, Edwin O. Ogola, Anne Kopp, Armanda D.S. Bastos, Inga Slothouwer, Marco Marklewitz, Dorcus Omoga, Gilbert Rotich, Caroline Getugi, Rosemary Sang, Baldwyn Torto, Sandra Junglen, and David P. Tchouassi

Juvenile hormone binding to a 500-K diapause-associated protein of the stem-borer, Busseola fusca, Ellie O. Osir, Gopalan C. Unnithan, and Glenn D. Prestwich

Juvenile hormone receptors in insect larval epidermis: Identification by photoaffinity labeling, Subba R. Palli, Ellie O. Osir, Wai S.I. Eng, Marcus F. Boehm, Marten Edwards, Peter Kulcsar, Istvan Ujvary, Kiyoshi Hiruma, Glenn D. Prestwich, and Lynn M. Riddiford

Kenya: scientific savanna, A. Mayor

Knowledge and practices of pesticides use against the bean fly (Ophyiomyia phaseoli) and associated health effects among bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) smallholder farmers in Kabaru location, Nyeri County, Beritah Mumbi Mutune

Knowledge, attitude, and practices on tomato leaf miner, tuta absoluta on tomato and potential demand for integrated pest management among smallholder farmers in kenya and uganda, Fridah Chepchirchir, Beatrice W. Muriithi, Jackson Langat, Samira A. Mohamed, Shepard Ndlela, and Fathiya M. Khamis

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) on Rift Valley Fever among Pastoralist Communities of Ijara District, North Eastern Kenya, Ismail H. Abdi, Hippolyte D. Affognon, Anthony K. Wanjoya, Washington Onyango-Ouma, and Rosemary Sang

Know Where You Go: Infestation Dynamics and Potential Distribution of Two Bed Bug Species (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in Africa, Dennis M. Mbuta, Bonoukpoè M. Sokame, Fathiya M. Khamis, and Komivi S. Akutse

Laboratory and field evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of amitraz-resistant and susceptible strains of Rhipicephalus decoloratus, Mercy M. Murigu, Paulin Nana, Robert M. Waruiru, Chege J. Nga'nga', Sunday Ekesi, and Nguya K. Maniania

Laboratory and field observations on anti-tick properties of the plant Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) brig, M. M. Malonza, O. O. Dipeolu, A. O. Amoo, and S. M. Hassan

Laboratory Colonisation and Genetic Bottlenecks in the Tsetse Fly Glossina pallidipes, Marc Ciosi, Daniel K. Masiga, and Charles M.R. Turner

Laboratory evaluation of four commercial preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) against the spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lep., Pyralidae), M. Brownbridge and T. Onyango

Laboratory evaluation of some eastern African Meliaceae as sources of larvicidal botanicals for Anopheles gambiae, Mary Ndung'u, Baldwyn Torto, Bart G.J. Knols, and Ahmed Hassanali

Laboratory Evaluation of the Aqueous Extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem) Wood Chippings on Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquitoes, Annabel F.V. Howard, Elizabeth A. Adongo, Ahmed Hassanali, Francois X. Omlin, Anthony Wanjoya, Guofa Zhou, and John Vulule

Laboratory evaluation of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae for the control of the groundnut bruchid, Caryedon serratus on groundnut, S. Ekesi, E. A. Egwurube, A. D. Akpa, and I. Onu

Laboratory investigations on the potential of entomopathogenic fungi for biocontrol of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae and pupae, Nguyen T.H. Nguyen, Christian Borgemeister, Hans Michael Poehling, and Gisbert Zimmermann

Laboratory studies on the effect of inorganic fertilizers on survival and development of immature Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae), Ephantus J. Muturi, Benjamin G. Jacob, Josephat Shililu, and Robert Novak

Lack of K13 mutations in Plasmodium falciparum persisting after artemisinin combination therapy treatment of Kenyan children, Julian Muwanguzi, Gisela Henriques, Patrick Sawa, Teun Bousema, Colin J. Sutherland, and Khalid B. Beshir

Lactobacillus kunkeei impacts the health of honey bees, Apis mellifera scutellata, and protects the bees against the opportunistic pathogen Serratia marcescens, Mary Chege, Johnson Kinyua, and Juan C. Paredes

Land access in the development of horticultural crops in east Africa. A case study of passion fruit in Burundi, Kenya, and Rwanda, Bosco Bashangwa Mpozi, Mireille Mizero, Andrew Ogolla Egesa, Paul M.Dontsop Nguezet, Bernard Vanlauwe, Patrice Ndimanya, and Philippe Lebailly

Landmarks in the evolution of technologies for identifying trypanosomes in tsetse flies, John C. Enyaru, Johnson O. Ouma, Imna I. Malele, Enock Matovu, and Daniel K. Masiga

Landscape effects on crop pollination services: Are there general patterns?, Taylor H. Ricketts, James Regetz, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter, Saul A. Cunningham, Claire Kremen, Anne Bogdanski, Barbara Gemmill-Herren, Sarah S. Greenleaf, Alexandra M. Klein, Margaret M. Mayfield, Lora A. Morandin, Alfred Ochieng', and Blande F. Viana

Landscape fragmentation in coffee agroecological subzones in central Kenya: A multiscale remote sensing approach, Gladys Mosomtai, John Odindi, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Régis Babin, Pinard Fabrice, Onisimo Mutanga, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Guillaume David, and Tobias Landmann

Landscape-scale biogeographic distribution analysis of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) in Kenya, Bester Tawona Mudereri, Emily Kimathi, Tavengwa Chitata, Moleseng Claude Moshobane, and Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman

Landscape vegetation productivity influences population dynamics of key pests in small avocado farms in Kenya, Nadia K. Toukem, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Thomas Dubois, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Marian Salim Adan, and Samira A. Mohamed

Land use and land cover data changes in Indian Ocean Islands: Case study of Unguja in Zanzibar Island, Sizah Mwalusepo, Eliud Muli, Asha Faki, and Suresh Raina

Large herbivore loss has complex effects on mosquito ecology and vector-borne disease risk, David P. Tchouassi, Baldwyn Torto, Rosemary Sang, Corinna Riginos, and Vanessa O. Ezenwa

Large-scale use of mosquito larval source management for malaria control in Africa: A cost analysis, Eve Worrall and Ulrike Fillinger

Larval Development of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Artificial Diet Incorporating Leaf Tissues of Sorghum Lines in Relation to Their Resistance or Susceptibility, Kailash Narain Saxena

Larval dispersal of the invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, the exotic stemborer Chilo partellus, and indigenous maize stemborers in Africa, Bonoukpoè M. Sokame, Sevgan Subramanian, Dora C. Kilalo, Gerald Juma, and Paul André Calatayud

Larval experience of stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans Linneaus, 1758 (Diptera: Muscidae) does not influence oviposition preference in gravid females, Steve B.S. Baleba, Christopher W. Weldon, Daniel Masiga, Baldwyn Torto, and Merid N. Getahun

Larval Exposure to Parasitic Varroa destructor Mites Triggers Specific Immune Responses in Different Honey Bee Castes and Species, Yu Fang, Abebe Jenberie Wubie, Mao Feng, Chuan Ma, Boris Baer, and Jianke Li

Larval Habitat Diversity and Ecology of Anopheline Larvae in Eritrea, Josephat Shililu, Tewolde Ghebremeskel, Fessahaye Seulu, Solomon Mengistu, Helen Fekadu, Mehari Zerom, Asmelash Ghebregziabiher, David Sintasath, Gustavo Bretas, Charles Mbogo, John Githure, Eugene Brantly, Robert Novak, and John C. Beier

Larval habitat diversity and mosquito species distribution along the coast of Kenya, Miriam Karuitha, Joel Bargul, Joel Lutomiah, Simon Muriu, Joseph Nzovu, Rosemary Sang, Joseph Mwangangi, and Charles Mbogo

Larval habitat dynamics and diversity of Culex mosquitoes in rice agro-ecosystem in Mwea, Kenya, Ephantus J. Muturi, Josephat I. Shililu, Weidong Gu, Benjamin G. Jacob, John I. Githure, and Robert J. Novak

Larval habitats of Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae) influences vector competence to Plasmodium falciparum parasites, Bernard A. Okech, Louis C. Gouagna, Guiyun Yan, John I. Githure, and John C. Beier

Larval source management for malaria control in Africa: Myths and reality, Ulrike Fillinger and Steven W. Lindsay

Larvicidal activities of limonoids from Turraea abyssinica (Meliaceae) on Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), F. R.E. Essoung, S. C. Chhabra, B. M. Mba'ning, S. A. Mohamed, W. Lwande, B. N. Lenta, S. A. Ngouela, E. Tsamo, and A. Hassanali

Larvicidal activity of extracts from three Plumbago spp against Anopheles gambiae, Barasa M. Maniafu, Lwande Wilber, Isaiah O. Ndiege, Cornelius C. Wanjala, and Teresa Ayuko Akenga

Larvicidal activity of kotschya uguenensis plant powders and methanol extracts against anopheles gambiae s.s. larvae in the laboratory and in simulated ponds, R. C. Saxena

Larvicidal activity of kotschya uguenensis plant powders and methanol extracts against anopheles gambiae s.s. larvae in the laboratory and in simulated ponds, E. Innocent, M. H.H. Nkunya, and A. Hassanali

Larvicidal activity of Piper guineense and Spilanthes mauritiana crude-powder against Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus in Kilifi district, Kenya, Spala O. Ohaga, Isaiah O. Ndiege, Sammy S. Kubasu, John C. Beier, and Charles M. Mbogo

Larvicidal activity of selected aloe species against aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culiciade), Judith K. Chore, Meshack Obonyo, Francis N. Wachira, and Paul O. Mireji

Larvicidal and brine shrimp activities of Vitex schiliebenii extracts and isolated phytoecdysteroids on Anopheles gambiae Giles S.S Larvae, R. C. Saxena

Larvicidal and brine shrimp activities of Vitex schiliebenii extracts and isolated phytoecdysteroids on Anopheles gambiae Giles S.S Larvae, Mokua G. Nyamoita, Innocent Ester, Mbwambo H. Zakaria, Lwande Wilber, Bwire J. Ochola, and Hassanali Ahmed

Larvicidal and IGR activity of extract of Tanzanian plants against malaria vector mosquitoes, Charles Kihampa, Cosam C. Joseph, Mayunga H.H. Nkunya, Stephen M. Magesa, Ahmed Hassanali, Matthias Heydenreich, and Erich Kleinpeter

Lateral eyes direct principal eyes as jumping spiders track objects, Elizabeth M. Jakob, Skye M. Long, Duane P. Harland, Robert R. Jackson, Ashley Carey, Mary Emma Searles, Adam H. Porter, Cristina Canavesi, and Jannick P. Rolland

Learning from the soil's memory: Tailoring of fertilizer application based on past manure applications increases fertilizer use efficiency and crop productivity on Kenyan smallholder farms, Samuel Njoroge, Antonius G.T. Schut, Ken E. Giller, and Shamie Zingore

Lectin Expression Associated with Plasmodium Infections in Anopheles, Dolphine Achieng'

Lectins in the brown ear tick, rhipicephalus appendiculatus: Detection and partial characterization, Esther N.K. Sebitosi, Godwin P. Kaaya, Allan S. Young, and Rolland I.S. Agbede

Legislation for the use of insects as food and feed in the South African context, Saliou Niassy, Sunday Ekesi, Sheryl L. Hendriks, and Anjanette Haller-Barker

Leguminosae: Vigna verdcourtii (Papilionoideae), a new species from Eastern Africa, R. S. Pasquet

Leishmaniasis in a domestic goat in Kenya, A. Olufemi Williams, J. Mutinga, and M. Rodgers

Leishmaniasis in Kenya: Description of leishmaniasis of a domestic goat from Transmara, Narok District, Kenya, M. J. Mutinga, S. M. Kihara, A. Lohding, C. M. Mutero, T. A. Ngatia, and F. Karanu

Lemon Terpenes Influence Behavior of the African Citrus Triozid Trioza erytreae (Hemiptera: Triozidae), Akua K. Antwi-Agyakwa, Ayuka T. Fombong, Emilie Deletre, Sunday Ekesi, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Christian Pirk, and Baldwyn Torto

Lepidopteran cereal stemborers and associated natural enemies on maize and wild grass hosts in Cameroon, R. Ndemah, F. Schulthess, B. Le Rü, and I. Bame

Lepidopterans of economic importance in Cameroon: A systematic review, José Ouaba, Timoléon Tchuinkam, Alida Waïmane, Henlay Juma Otieno Magara, Saliou Niassy, and Félix Meutchieye

Lepidopteran stem borer species abundance and associated Damages on irrigated kilombero low land rice ecosystem in Tanzania, Bonaventure January, Gration M. Rwegasira, and Tadele Tefera

Les inhibiteurs des facteurs humoraux chez les criquets migrateurs, schistocerca gregaria et locusta migratoria: Perspectives d'utilisation dans la lutte biologique, D. Dakouo, S. Essuman, S. K. Raina, M. Bréhélin, and Latifa Drif

Less is more: repellent-treated fabric strips as a substitute for full screening of open eave gaps for indoor and outdoor protection from malaria mosquito bites, Margaret Mendi Njoroge, Alexandra Hiscox, Adam Saddler, Willem Takken, Joop J.A. van Loon, and Ulrike Fillinger

Lessons learnt and future perspectives, Sunday Ekesi, Samira A. Mohamed, and Marc De Meyer

Leveraging computational intelligence to identify and map suitable sites for scaling up augmentative biological control of cereal crop pests, Komi Mensah Agboka, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, John Odindi, Onisimo Mutanga, and Saliou Niassy

Leveraging Data, Models and Farming Innovation to Prevent, Prepare for and Manage Pest Incursions: Delivering a Pest Risk Service for Low-Income Countries, Bryony Taylor, Henri Edouard Zefack Tonnang, Tim Beale, William Holland, Mary Lucy Oronje, Elfatih Mohamed Abdel-Rahman, David Onyango, Cambria Finegold, Jessica Zhu, Stefania Pozzi, and Sean T. Murphy

Leveraging machine learning tools and algorithms for analysis of fruit fly morphometrics, Daisy Salifu, Eric Ali Ibrahim, and Henri E.Z. Tonnang

Leveraging of hyperspectral remote sensing on estimating biomass yield of Moringa oleifera Lam. medicinal plant, Thulani Tshabalala, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Bhekumthetho Ncube, Ashwell R. Ndhlala, and Onisimo Mutanga

Life cycle changes during 12 successive generations of laboratory colonisation of the leafroller cnephasia jactatana (Walker) (lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on artificial diet, J. P.R. Ochieng’-Odero and Pritam Singh

Life history of Oplostomus haroldi (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) under laboratory conditions and a description of its third instar larva, Ayuka T. Fombong, Fabian Haas, Paul N. Ndegwa, and Lucy W. Irungu

Life history of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus fragariae on Tetranychus evansi and Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae) at five temperatures, Geraldo José Nascimento De Vasconcelos, Gilberto José De Moraes, Ítalo Delalibera Júnior, and Markus Knapp

Life history parameters of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared on liquid diets, Chiou Ling Chang, Carlos Caceres, and Sunday Ekesi

Life history traits of oomyzus sokolowskii kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a parasitoid of the diamondback moth, G. Sow, L. Arvanitakis, S. Niassy, K. Diarra, and D. Bordat

Life-stage-related desiccation and starvation resistance in the biological control agent Neolema abbreviata, Lugisani Mulaudzi, Reyard Mutamiswa, Costas Zachariades, and Frank Chidawanyika

Life tables and intrinsic rate of natural increase of Pediobius furvus [Hym.: Eulophidae] on Chilo partellus [Lep.: Pyralidae], G. W. Oloo

Life tables, key factor analysis and density relations of natural populations of the spotted maize stemborer, Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), under different cropping systems at the Kenyan coast, C. A.O. Midega, C. K.P.O. Ogol, and W. A. Overholt

Life tables of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus longipes feeding on Tetranychus evansi at four temperatures (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae), Maxime Ferrero, Gilberto J. De Moraes, Serge Kreiter, Marie Stéphane Tixier, and Markus Knapp

Light and dark rhythms of pupal eclosion and egg hatching in tropical stem borers’ moths, Paul André Calatayud, François Rebaudo, Peter Ahuya, and Bruno Le Ru

Limonoids from Turraea floribunda, Baldwyn Torto, Michael D. Bentley, Barbara J.W. Cole, Ahmed Hassanali, Fu Yung Huang, Leslie Gelbaum, and Donald G. Vanderveer

Linalool oxide: Generalist plant based lure for mosquito disease vectors, Vincent O. Nyasembe, David P. Tchouassi, Charles M. Mbogo, Catherine L. Sole, Christian Pirk, and Baldwyn Torto

Lineage-Specific Proteomic Signatures in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Reveal Differential Abundance of Proteins Involved in Virulence, DNA Repair, CRISPR-Cas, Bioenergetics and Lipid Metabolism, Solomon Abebe Yimer, Shewit Kalayou, Håvard Homberset, Alemayehu Godana Birhanu, Tahira Riaz, Ephrem Debebe Zegeye, Timo Lutter, Markos Abebe, Carol Holm-Hansen, Abraham Aseffa, and Tone Tønjum

Linkage disequilibrium and natural selection for mimicry in the Batesian mimic Hypolimnas misippus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Afrotropics, Ian J. Gordon, Malcolm Edmunds, John A. EDgar, James Lawrence, and David A.S. Smith

Linkage relationships among loci controlling morphological traits in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), S. M. Githiri, P. M. Kimani, and R. S. Pathak

Linking field-based ecological data with remotely sensed data using a geographic information system in two malaria endemic urban areas of Kenya, Thomas P. Eisele, Joseph Keating, Chris Swalm, Charles M. Mbogo, Andrew K. Githeko, James L. Regens, John I. Githure, Linda Andrews, and John C. Beier

Linking physico-chemical parameters and macroinvertebrates for water quality assessment of Kakamega and the East Usambara montane ecosystems in Kenya, Joseph G. Ndungu, Rose M. Marubu, John B. Ochola, Nixon B. Onyimbo, Subramanian Sevgan, Caroline W. Muriuki, Kalist E. Komu, and Mary W. Gikungu

Linking spatial distribution of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus to climatic variables important for the successful biocontrol by Metarhizium anisopliae in Eastern Africa, Ritter A. Guimapi, Ingeborg Klingen, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, and Paulin Nana

LINTUL-Cassava-NPK: A simulation model for nutrient-limited cassava growth, J. G. Adiele, A. G.T. Schut, K. S. Ezui, and K. E. Giller

Lipophorin and apolipophorin-III in solitary and gregarious phases of Schistocerca gregaria, Dorington O. Ogoyi, Ellie O. Osir, and Norah K. Olembo

Lipophorin from the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans, James O. Ochanda, Ellie O. Osir, Edward K. Nguu, and Norah K. Olembo

Liriomyza Leafminer (Diptera: Agromyzidae) Parasitoid Complex in Different Agroecological Zones, Seasons, and Host Plants in Kenya, C. N. Foba, D. Salifu, Z. O. Lagat, L. M. Gitonga, K. S. Akutse, and K. K.M. Fiaboe

Livestock farmers' perception and epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis in Kwale District, Kenya, S. O. Ohaga, E. D. Kokwaro, I. O. Ndiege, A. Hassanali, and R. K. Saini

LivestockPlus: Forages, sustainable intensification, and food security in the tropics, Thomas K. Rudel, Birthe Paul, Douglas White, I. M. Rao, Rein Van Der Hoek, Aracely Castro, Maryline Boval, Amy Lerner, Laura Schneider, and Michael Peters

Livestock Tick Predation by Chickens: The Rate of Digestion of Ticks in the Alimentary Tract of Chickens, Shawgi M. Hassan and Olusegun O. Dipeolu

Livestock–vector interaction using volatile organic metabolites, Merid N. Getahun

Local and regional drivers of the African coffee white stem borer (Monochamus leuconotus) in Uganda, Theresa Liebig, Régis Babin, Fabienne Ribeyre, Peter Läderach, Piet van Asten, Hans Michael Poehling, Laurence Jassogne, Christian Cilas, and Jacques Avelino

Localization and Functional analysis of an Aquaporin Gene (AQP 4886_gp) from Tsetsefly, Glossina Pallidipes, Joel Ltilitan Bargul

Localization and tissue tropism of the symbiont Microsporidia MB in the germ line and somatic tissues of Anopheles arabiensis, Edward E. Makhulu, Thomas O. Onchuru, Joseph Gichuhi, Fidel G. Otieno, Anne W. Wairimu, Joseph N. Muthoni, Lizette Koekemoer, and Jeremy K. Herren

Local management and landscape structure determine the assemblage patterns of spiders in vegetable fields, Hafiz Sohaib Ahmed Saqib, Junhui Chen, Wei Chen, Gabor Pozsgai, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Muhammad Furqan Ashraf, Minsheng You, and Geoff M. Gurr

Location, acceptance and suitability of lepidopteran stemborers feeding on a cultivated and wild host-plant to the endoparasitoid Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Meshack Obonyo, Fritz Schulthess, Juma Gerald, Onesmus Wanyama, Bruno Le Rü, and Paul André Calatayud

Location of stemborer pupae in various host plants and implications for the performance of natural enemies with emphasis on the pupal parasitoid Xanthopimpla stemmator (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), J. J. Muturi, A. J. Ngi-Song, F. Schulthess, J. M. Mueke, and M. Sétamou

Log Ratio Methodology for Analysis of Compositional Data: A case of Olfactometer Bioassay Data from Insect Behavioural Studies, Anthony Raymond Epel

Long-distance pollen flow assessment through evaluation of pollinator foraging range suggests transgene escape distances, Rémy S. Pasquet, Alexis Peltier, Matthew B. Hufford, Emeline Oudin, Jonathan Saulnier, Lénaic Paul, Jette T. Knudsen, Hans R. Herren, and Paul Gepts

Longevity of Hungry Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neumann (Acarina: Ixodidae) under Field Conditions at Muguga, Kenya, D. K. Punyua

Long lasting insecticidal mosquito nets (LLINs) ownership, use and coverage following mass distribution campaign in Lake Victoria basin, Western Kenya, Peter N. Ng’ang’a, Polycarp Aduogo, and Clifford M. Mutero

Long-term balancing selection in LAD1 maintains a missense trans-species polymorphism in humans, chimpanzees, and bonobos, João C. Teixeira, Cesare De Filippo, Antje Weihmann, Juan R. Meneu, Fernando Racimo, Michael Dannemann, Birgit Nickel, Anne Fischer, Michel Halbwax, Claudine Andre, Rebeca Atencia, Matthias Meyer, Genís Parra, Svante Pääbo, and Aida M. Andrés

Long-term maize-Desmodium intercropping shifts structure and composition of soil microbiome with stronger impact on fungal communities, Aneth David Mwakilili, Kilaza Samson Mwaikono, Sebastian Larsson Herrera, Charles A.O. Midega, Francis Magingo, Beatrix Alsanius, Teun Dekker, and Sylvester Leonard Lyantagaye

Long-term mammal herbivory on arthropod assemblages at Kruger National Park, South Africa, Ludzula Mukwevho, Tatenda Dalu, and Frank Chidawanyika

Long-term push–pull cropping system shifts soil and maize-root microbiome diversity paving way to resilient farming system, Abdul A. Jalloh, Fathiya Mbarak Khamis, Abdullahi Ahmed Yusuf, Sevgan Subramanian, and Daniel Munyao Mutyambai

Long-term seasonal fluctuations of lepidopteran cereal stemborers and their natural enemies on maize and wild host plants in southern Benin, Saka Gounou, Nanqing Jiang, and Fritz Schulthess

Long-term soil organic carbon and crop yield feedbacks differ between 16 soil-crop models in sub-Saharan Africa, Antoine Couëdel, Gatien N. Falconnier, Myriam Adam, Rémi Cardinael, Kenneth Boote, Eric Justes, Ward N. Smith, Anthony M. Whitbread, François Affholder, Juraj Balkovic, Bruno Basso, Arti Bhatia, Bidisha Chakrabarti, Regis Chikowo, Mathias Christina, Babacar Faye, Fabien Ferchaud, Christian Folberth, Folorunso M. Akinseye, Thomas Gaiser, Marcelo V. Galdos, Sebastian Gayler, Aram Gorooei, Brian Grant, Hervé Guibert, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Bahareh Kamali, and Moritz Laub

Loss and gain of gut bacterial phylotype symbionts in afrotropical stingless bee species (Apidae: Meliponinae), Yosef Hamba Tola, Jacqueline Wahura Waweru, Nelly N. Ndungu, Kiatoko Nkoba, Bernard Slippers, and Juan C. Paredes

Love is in the air and on the ground: Olfactory and tactile cues elicit visual courtship behavior by Cyrba males (Araneae: Salticidae), Ana M. Cerveira and Robert R. Jackson

Love is in the air: Olfaction-based mate-odour identification by jumping spiders from the genus Cyrba, Ana M. Cerveira and Robert R. Jackson

Low-cost technology for recycling agro-industrial waste into nutrient-rich organic fertilizer using black soldier fly, Dennis Beesigamukama, Benson Mochoge, Nicholas K. Korir, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Dorothy Nakimbugwe, Fathiya M. Khamis, Sevgan Subramanian, Musyoka M. Wangu, Thomas Dubois, Sunday Ekesi, and Chrysantus M. Tanga

Low fertility, fecundity and numbers of mated female offspring explain the lower reproductive success of the parasitic mite Varroa destructor in African honeybees, Beatrice T. Nganso, Ayuka T. Fombong, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Christian W.W. Pirk, Charles Stuhl, and Baldwyn Torto

Low permeability triple-layer plastic bags prevent losses of maize caused by insects in rural on-farm stores, Jeremiah Ng’ang’a, Christopher Mutungi, Samuel M. Imathiu, and Hippolyte Affognon

Low recovery rates stabilize malaria endemicity in areas of low transmission in coastal Kenya, Weidong Gu, Charles M. Mbogo, John I. Githure, James L. Regens, Gerry F. Killeen, Chris M. Swalm, Guiyun Yan, and John C. Beier

Lure and infect strategy for application of entomopathogenic fungus for the control of bean flower thrips in cowpea, David K. Mfuti, Saliou Niassy, Sevgan Subramanian, Hannalne du Plessis, Sunday Ekesi, and Nguya K. Maniania

Machine Learning Predicts Non-Preferred and Preferred Vertebrate Hosts of Tsetse Flies (Glossina spp.) Based on Skin Volatile Emission Profiles, Olabimpe Y. Orubuloye, David P. Tchouassi, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Christian W.W. Pirk, Daniel K. Masiga, Edward Kariuki, and Baldwyn Torto

Maintenance of Theileria parva parva infection in an endemic area of Kenya, A. S. Young, B. L. Leitch, R. M. Newson, and M. P. Cunningham

Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus Induces Changes in Host Plant Volatiles that Attract Vector Thrips Species, Nelson L. Mwando, Amanuel Tamiru, Johnson O. Nyasani, Meshack A.O. Obonyo, John C. Caulfield, Toby J.A. Bruce, and Sevgan Subramanian

Maize cropping systems mapping using rapideye observations in agro-ecological landscapes in Kenya, Kyalo Richard, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Sevgan Subramanian, Johnson O. Nyasani, Michael Thiel, Hosein Jozani, Christian Borgemeister, and Tobias Landmann

Maize edible-legumes intercropping systems for enhancing agrobiodiversity and belowground ecosystem services, Abdul A. Jalloh, Daniel Munyao Mutyambai, Abdullahi Ahmed Yusuf, Sevgan Subramanian, and Fathiya Khamis

Maize grain yield and grain zinc concentration response to zinc fertilization: A meta-analysis, Dominic Mutambu, Job Kihara, Monicah Mucheru-Muna, Peter Bolo, and Michael Kinyua

Maize-grain zinc and iron concentrations as influenced by agronomic management and biophysical factors: a meta-analysis, Job Kihara, Gudeta W. Sileshi, Peter Bolo, Dominic Mutambu, Kalimuthu Senthilkumar, Andrew Sila, Mina Devkota, and Kazuki Saito

Maize landraces are less affected by Striga hermonthica relative to hybrids in Western Kenya, Charles A.O. Midega, John Pickett, Antony Hooper, Jimmy Pittchar, and Zeyaur R. Khan

Maize landraces recruit egg and larval parasitoids in response to egg deposition by a herbivore, Amanuel Tamiru, Toby J.A. Bruce, Christine M. Woodcock, John C. Caulfield, Charles A.O. Midega, Callistus K.P.O. Ogol, Patrick Mayon, Michael A. Birkett, John A. Pickett, and Zeyaur R. Khan

Maize–legume intercropping and push–pull for management of fall armyworm, stemborers, and striga in Uganda, Girma Hailu, Saliou Niassy, Khan R. Zeyaur, Nathan Ochatum, and Sevgan Subramanian

Maize lethal necrosis (MLN), an emerging threat to maize-based food security in sub-Saharan Africa, George Mahuku, Benham E. Lockhart, Bramwel Wanjala, Mark W. Jones, Janet Njeri Kimunye, Lucy R. Stewart, Bryan J. Cassone, Subramanian Sevgan, Johnson O. Nyasani, Elizabeth Kusia, P. Lava Kumar, C. L. Niblett, Andrew Kiggundu, Godfrey Asea, Hanu R. Pappu, Anne Wangai, Boddupalli M. Prasanna, and Margaret G. Redinbaugh

Maize Resistance to Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Behaviour of Newly Hatched Larvae and Movement from Oviposition Sites to Feeding Sites, J. K.O. Ampofo and E. O. Nyangiri

Maize response to macronutrients and potential for profitability in sub-Saharan Africa, J. Kihara, J. Huising, G. Nziguheba, B. S. Waswa, S. Njoroge, V. Kabambe, E. Iwuafor, C. Kibunja, A. O. Esilaba, and A. Coulibaly

Maize stemborer predator activity under ‘push – pull’ system and Bt-maize: A potential component in managing Bt resistance, Charles A.O. Midega, Zeyaur R. Khan, Johnnie Van Den Berg, Callistus K.P.O. Ogol, John A. Pickett, and Lester J. Wadhams

Maize (Zea mays L.) stem borer (Chilo partellus Swinhoe) infestation/damage and plant resistance, S. O. Ajala

Major pests of African indigenous vegetables in Tanzania and the effects of plant nutrition on spider mite management, Jackline Kendi Mworia

Making it to the PhD: Gender and student performance in sub-Saharan Africa, Monica Fisher, Violet Nyabaro, Ruth Mendum, and Moses Osiru

Malaria in Eswatini, 2012–2019: a case study of the elimination effort, Theresia Estomih Nkya, Ulrike Fillinger, Makhoselive Dlamini, Onyango P. Sangoro, Rose Marubu, Zulisile Zulu, Emmanuel Chanda, Clifford Maina Mutero, and Quinton Dlamini

Malaria infection increases attractiveness of humans to mosquitoes, Renaud Lacroix, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, Louis Clement Gouagna, and Jacob C. Koella

Malaria mosquito control using edible fish in western Kenya: Preliminary findings of a controlled study, Annabel F.V. Howard, Guofa Zhou, and Francois X. Omlin

Malaria prevalence and associated risk factors in Eritrea, David M. Sintasath, Tewolde Ghebremeskel, Matthew Lynch, Eckhard Kleinau, Gustavo Bretas, Josephat Shililu, Eugene Brantly, Patricia M. Graves, and John C. Beier

Malaria prevalence and morbidity in relation to the use of permethrin-treated wall cloths in Kenya, M. J. Mutinga, A. Mnzava, R. Kimokoti, M. Nyamori, and A. M. Ngindu

Malaria prevalence and use of self-protection measures against mosquitoes in Suba District, Kenya, C. M. Mutero, J. H. Ouma, B. K. Agak, J. A. Wanderi, and R. S. Copeland

Malaria research and its influence on anti-malarial drug policy in Malawi: A case study, Chikondi Mwendera, Christiaan de Jager, Herbert Longwe, Kamija Phiri, Charles Hongoro, and Clifford M. Mutero

Malaria research in Malawi from 1984 to 2016: A literature review and bibliometric analysis, Chikondi A. Mwendera, Christiaan De Jager, Herbert Longwe, Charles Hongoro, Clifford M. Mutero, and Kamija S. Phiri

MalariaSphere: A greenhouse-enclosed simulation of a natural Anophelesgambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) ecosystem in western Kenya, Bart G.J. Knols, Basilio N. Njiru, Evan M. Mathenge, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, John C. Beier, and Gerry F. Killeen

Malaria transmission after artemether-lumefantrine and dihydroartemisinin- piperaquine: A randomized trial, Patrick Sawa, Seif A. Shekalaghe, Chris J. Drakeley, Colin J. Sutherland, Collins K. Mweresa, Amrish Y. Baidjoe, Alphaxard Manjurano, Reginald A. Kavishe, Khalid B. Beshir, Rahma U. Yussuf, Sabah A. Omar, Cornelus C. Hermsen, Lucy Okell, Henk D.F.H. Schallig, Robert W. Sauerwein, Rachel L. Hallett, and Teun Bousema

Malaria vector control and personal protection, M. Coetzee, M. Coosemans, C. Curtis, P. K. Das, D. De Savigny, G. Dolo, J. Githure, A. N. Hassan, W. Hawley, Y. Rubio-Palis, I. Vythilingam, E. P. Brantly, G. Hesse, K. Mukelabai, A. Sundén-Bylehn, Y. Yamagata, J. Hill, R. Marchand, N. José, G. B. White, M. Kabir Cham, P. Guillet, F. Nafo-Traoré, A. Schapira, and Y. T. Toure

Malaria vector control practices in an irrigated rice agro-ecosystem in central Kenya and implications for malaria control, Peter N. Ng'ang'a, Josephat Shililu, Gayathri Jayasinghe, Violet Kimani, Charity Kabutha, Lucy Kabuage, Ephantus Kabiru, John Githure, and Clifford Mutero

Malaria vector feeding, peak biting time and resting place preference behaviors in line with Indoor based intervention tools and its implication: scenario from selected sentinel sites of Ethiopia, Alemnesh Hailemariam Bedasso, Abebe Asale Gutto, Abate Waldetensai, Araya Eukubay, Getachew Eticha Bokore, Solomon Kinde, Fekadu Gemechu, Yared Debebe, Mesfin Aklilu, Geremew Tasew, Fekadu Massebo, Abebe Teshome, Tilahun Kebede, Bedri Abdulatif, Achamyelesh Sisay, Hiwot Solomon, and Eliningaya J. Kweka

Malaria vectors and their blood-meal sources in an area of high bed net ownership in the western Kenya highlands, Bryson A. Ndenga, Nicholas L. Mulaya, Sandra K. Musaki, Joan N. Shiroko, Stefan Dongus, and Ulrike Fillinger

Male and female mate-choice decisions by Evarcha culicivora, an East African jumping spider, Fiona R. Cross, Robert R. Jackson, and Simon D. Pollard

Male annihilation technique using methyl eugenol for field suppression of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Mango in Kenya, S. Ndlela, S. Mohamed, P. N. Ndegwa, G. O. Ong'Amo, and S. Ekesi

Malnutrition and violent conflict in a heating world: A mediation analysis on the climate–conflict nexus in Nigeria, Anna Belli, Victor Villa, Marina Mastrorillo, Antonio Scognamillo, Chun Song, Adriana Ignaciuk, and Grazia Pacillo

Management of alien invasive insect pest species and diseases of fruits and vegetables: Experiences from East Africa, B. Nyambo, S. Sevgan, A. Chabi-Olaye, and S. Ekesi

Management of Cyst and Root Knot Nematodes: A Chemical Ecology Perspective, Baldwyn Torto, Laura Cortada, Lucy K. Murungi, Solveig Haukeland, and Danny L. Coyne

Management of Maize Lethal Necrosis and its Vectors by use of Fungal Endophytes and Entomopathogenic Fungi, Simon Kiarie

Management of Mycotoxigenic Fungi and Associated Mycotoxins in Maize by Use of Hermetic Storage, Angeline Maina Wanjiku

Management of witchweed, Striga hermonthica, and stemborers in sorghum, Sorghum bicolor, through intercropping with greenleaf desmodium, Desmodium intortum, Zeyaur R. Khan, Charles A.O. Midega, Ahmed Hassanali, John A. Pickett, Lester J. Wadhams, and Anthony Wanjoya

Managing Agricultural Nitrogen Losses in Crop Production and Mitigation of Climate Change Effects, Winnie Ntinyari, Mekonnen Giweta, James Mutegi, Cargele Masso, and Joseph P. Gweyi-Onyango

Managing and monitoring genetic isolation and local adaptation of endemic and introduced Cotesia sesamiae for the biological control of the cereal stemborer Busseola fusca in Cameroon, Rose Ndemah, Bruno Pierre Le Ru, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Fritz Schulthess, Laure Kaiser, Rachid Hanna, Alexandre Depoilly, Julius Obonyo, Paul André Calatayud, Albert Abang, and Stéphane Dupas

Managing animal trypanosomosis in Africa: Issues and options, S. W. Omamo and G. D.M. D'Ieteren

Managing insect services and disservices in cocoa agroforestry systems, Chaba F. Ambele, Hervé D.B. Bisseleua, Christian T.L. Djuideu, and Komivi S. Akutse

Managing Phosphate Rock to Improve Nutrient Uptake, Phosphorus Use Efficiency, and Carrot Yields, Edwin Mwangi, Catherine Ngamau, John Wesonga, Edward Karanja, Martha Musyoka, Felix Matheri, Komi Fiaboe, David Bautze, and Noah Adamtey

Managing soil organic carbon in tropical agroecosystems: evidence from four long-term experiments in Kenya, Moritz Laub, Marc Corbeels, Antoine Couëdel, Samuel Mathu Ndungu, Monicah Wanjiku Mucheru-Muna, Daniel Mugendi, Magdalena Necpalova, Wycliffe Waswa, Marijn Van De Broek, Bernard Vanlauwe, and Johan Six

Managing storage pests of maize: Farmers' knowledge, perceptions and practices in western Kenya, Charles A.O. Midega, Alice W. Murage, Jimmy O. Pittchar, and Zeyaur R. Khan

Managing termites in maize with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, N. K. Maniania, S. Ekesi, and J. M. Songa

Mango headspace volatiles trigger differential responses of the mango fruit fly Ceratitis cosyra and its parasitoids, Raphael Njurai Miano, Teun Dekker, Egmont Rohwer, Tibebe Dejene Biasazin, Shepard Ndlela, Abdullahi Ahmed Yusuf, Xavier Cheseto, and Samira A. Mohamed

Mango production and marketing in Zanzibar: Potential, issues and constraints, E. I. Niyibigira, V. Y. Lada, and Z. S. Abdullah

Manipulating natural enemy behavior to improve biological control: Attractants and repellents of a weaver ant, Anais Chailleux, Aurélien Stirnemann, Jimmy Leyes, and Emilie Deletre

Manipulation of ultraviolet light affects immigration behavior of ceratothripoides claratris (thysanoptera: Thripidae), T. H.N. Nguyen, C. Borgemeister, J. Max, and H. M. Poehling

Mapping and Managing Livelihoods Vulnerability to Drought: A Case Study of Chivi District in Zimbabwe, Raymond Mugandani, Tavagwisa Muziri, Cyril Tapiwa Farai Murewi, Amanda Mugadza, Tavengwa Chitata, Marvelous Sungirai, Farai Solomon Zirebwa, Petronella Manhondo, Elvis Tawanda Mupfiga, Charles Nyamutowa, Bester Tawona Mudereri, Zvenyika Eckson Mugari, Liboster Mwadzingeni, and Paramu Mafongoya

Mapping exposure of Cattle to Rift valley Fever virus along their Migratory Routes, Gladys Jebiwot Mosomtai

Mapping Four Loci In Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans Newstead (Diptera: Glossinidae), Abdelmutalab A.G. Azrag, Saliou Niassy, Adin Y. Bloukounon-Goubalan, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, and Samira A. Mohamed

Mapping Four Loci In Glossina Morsitans Submorsitans Newstead (Diptera: Glossinidae), R. H. Gooding, B. M. Rolseth, and S. A.Tarimo Nesbitt

Mapping, intensities and future prediction of land use/land cover dynamics using google earth engine and CA- artificial neural network model, Maysoon A.A. Osman, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Joshua Orungo Onono, Lydia A. Olaka, Muna M. Elhag, Marian Adan, and Henri E.Z. Tonnang

Mapping leaf nitrogen and carbon concentrations of intact and fragmented indigenous forest ecosystems using empirical modeling techniques and WorldView-2 data, Galal Omer, Onisimo Mutanga, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Kabir Peerbhay, and Elhadi Adam

Mapping of quantitative trait loci for floral scent compounds in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.), Mebeaselassie Andargie, Jette T. Knudsen, Remy S. Pasquet, Bhavani S. Gowda, Geoffrey M. Muluvi, and Michael P. Timko

Mapping of the Honey Value Chain and Analysis of Changes in Gender Roles and Factors Influencing Women Empowerment among Beekeepers in Kitui County, Kenya, Peter Dennis M. Mburu

Mapping vegetation productivity dynamics and degradation trends over East Africa using a decade of medium Resolution MODIS time-series data, Tobias Landmann and Olena Dubovyk

Market access and resource endowment define the soil fertility status of smallholder farming systems of South-Kivu, DR Congo, Isaac Balume Kayani, Birhanu Agumas, Mary Musyoki, Generose Nziguheba, Carsten Marohn, Martin Benz, Bernard Vanlauwe, Georg Cadisch, and Frank Rasche

Market Entry, Standards and Certification, Susan A. Wren

Mass mosquito trapping for malaria control in western Kenya: Study protocol for a stepped wedge cluster-randomised trial, Alexandra Hiscox, Tobias Homan, Collins K. Mweresa, Nicolas Maire, Aurelio Di Pasquale, Daniel Masiga, Prisca A. Oria, Jane Alaii, Cees Leeuwis, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, Willem Takken, and Thomas A. Smith

Mass production of entomopathogens in less industrialized countries, David Grzywacz, Sean Moore, Belinda Luke, Sevgan Subramanian, David Moore, and R. J. Rabindra

Mass spectral determination of phenylacetonitrile (PAN) levels in body tissues of adult desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, Peris W. Amwayi, Daniel K. Masiga, Prem Govender, Peter E.A. Teal, and Baldwyn Torto

Mass Spectrometric Studies of Sterol Metabolites to Elucidate the Biosynthetic pathway of Ecdysone in the Desert locust Schistocerca Gregaria, Xavier Cheseto

Mate location mechanism and phase-related mate preferences in solitarius desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, Sidi Ould Ely, Hassan Mahamat, Peter G.N. Njagi, Magzoub Omer Bashir, Salah El-Tom El-Amin, and Ahmed Hassanali

Mate-odour identification by both sexes of Evarcha culicivora, an East African jumping spider, Fiona R. Cross and Robert R. Jackson

Mathematical and computational modeling for organic and insect frass fertilizer production: A systematic review, Malontema Katchali, Edward Richard, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Dennis Beesigamukama, and Kennedy Senagi

Mathematical modelling of the interactive dynamics of wild and Microsporidia MB-infected mosquitoes, Charlène N.T. Mfangnia, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Berge Tsanou, and Jeremy Herren

Mating and ovipositional behavior of the stalk‐eyed fly Diopsis macrophthalma on rice, Aliyageen M. Alghali

Mating and oviposition behaviour in the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis, L. E.N. Jackai, R. S. Ochieng, and J. R. Raulston

Mating behaviour, mate choice and female resistance in the bean flower thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti), Adeyemi O. Akinyemi, Sevgan Subramanian, David K. Mfuti, Tom W. Pope, Amanuel Tamiru, and William D.J. Kirk

Mating behaviour of females of Glossina pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glossinidae), T. G.T. Jaenson

Mating Behaviour of Glossina Pallidipes Austen (Diptera, Glossinidae): Genetic Differences in Copulation Time Between Allopatric Population, THOMAS G.T. JAENSON

Mating Behaviour of Glossina Pallidipes (Diptera, Glossinidae): Duration of Copulation, Insemination and Fecundity, Thomas G.T. Jaenson

Mating behaviour of males of Glossina pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glonidae), T. G.T. Jaenson

Mating compatibility of wild and sterile melon flies, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) treated with entomopathogenic fungi, P. Sookar, S. Bhagwant, F. B. Khayrattee, Y. Chooneea, and S. Ekesi

Mating frequency of female false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): trade-off between fecundity and longevity, Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag, Shepard Ndlela, Abdullah M. Mkiga, and Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed

Mating, longevity, fecundity, and egg fertility of Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Effects of delayed or successive matings and their relevance to pheromonal control methods, G. C. Unnithan and S. O. Paye

Maximizing horizontal transmission through mating: increased mating frequency and mating competitiveness associated with Microsporidia MB-infected Anopheles arabiensis males, Tracy Maina, Aclaine Shisia, Joseph Gichuhi, Joel L. Bargul, Jeremy K. Herren, and Tullu Bukhari

Measuring and modelling crop yield losses due to invasive insect pests under climate change, Henri EZ Tonnang, Bonoukpoè M. Sokame, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, and Thomas Dubois

Mechanical and thermal degradation properties of silk from African wild silkmoths, Addis Teshome, John M. Onyari, Suresh K. Raina, Jacques M. Kabaru, and Fritz Vollrath

Mechanical transmission of Trypanosoma evansi and T. congolense by Stomoxys niger and S. taeniatus in a laboratory mouse model, A. Leunita Sumba, Steve Mihok, and Florence A. Oyieke

Mechanical transmission of Trypanosoma spp. by African Stomoxyinae (Diptera: Muscidae), S. Mihok, O. Maramba, E. Munyoki, and J. Kagoiya

Mechanism of action of endophytic fungi hypocrea lixii and beauveria bassiana in phaseolus vulgaris as biopesticides against pea leafminer and fall armyworm, Olivia Ngeno Chebet, Leonidah Kerubo Omosa, Sevgan Subramanian, Vaderament A. Nchiozem‐ngnitedem, John Onyari Mmari, and Komivi Senyo Akutse

Mechanisms contributing to the competitive success of the invasive fruit fly Bactrocera invadens over the indigenous mango fruit fly, Ceratitis cosyra: The role of temperature and resource pre-emption, Ivan Rwomushana, Sunday Ekesi, Callistus K.P.O. Ogol, and Ian Gordon

Mechanisms for Selective Toxicity of Locally Isolated strains of Bacillus Thuringiensis (Berliner)., Eucharia Unoma Kenya

Mechanisms of biochar and vermicompost in suppression of root rot fungal disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L), Samuel Were, Rama Narla, E. W. Mutitu, J. W. Muthomi, Luiza Munyua, Dries Roobroeck, Bernard Vanlauwe, and Janice Thies

Mechanisms of Plasmodium-Enhanced Attraction of Mosquito Vectors, Annette O. Busula, Niels O. Verhulst, Teun Bousema, Willem Takken, and Jetske G. de Boer

Mechanisms of resistance in wild rice Oryza brachyantha to rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), R. Ramachandran and Z. R. Khan

Mechanisms of resistance/susceptibility of certain sorghum cultivars to the stem borer Chilo partellus: role of behaviour and development, K. N. Saxena

Mediation of a Plant-Spider Association by Specific Volatile Compounds, Ximena J. Nelson, Andrew J. Pratt, Xavier Cheseto, Baldwyn Torto, and Robert R. Jackson

Mediation of oviposition site selection in the African malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) by semiochemicals of microbial origin, Leunita A. Sumba, Tom O. Guda, Arop L. Deng, Ahmed Hassanali, John C. Beier, and Bart G.J. Knols

Mediation of Potato–Potato Cyst Nematode, G. rostochiensis Interaction by Specific Root Exudate Compounds, Juliet Ochola, Laura Cortada, Margaret Ng’ang’a, Ahmed Hassanali, Danny Coyne, and Baldwyn Torto

Megastigmus seed chalcids (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) radiated much more on angiosperms than previously considered. I- description of 8 new species from Kenya, with a key to the females of Eastern and Southern Africa, Alain Roques, Robert S. Copeland, Laurent Soldati, Olivier Denux, and Marie Anne Auger-Rozenberg

Melanic morphs of Bactrocera dorsalis possess distinct developmental time, weight, and wing size and shape, Nelson L. Mwando, Steve B.S. Baleba, Shepard Ndlela, and Samira A. Mohamed

Membrane Permeabilization and Antimicrobial Activity of Recombinant Defensin-d2 and Actifensin against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, Ifeoluwa D. Gbala, Rosaline W. Macharia, Joel L. Bargul, and Gabriel Magoma

Metabolite profiling for caffeic acid oligomers in Satureja biflora, Sara E. Moghadam, Samad N. Ebrahimi, Frank Gafner, John B. Ochola, Rose M. Marubu, Wilber Lwande, Barbara Frei Haller, Peyman Salehi, and Matthias Hamburger

Metabolites From Trypanosome-Infected Cattle as Sensitive Biomarkers for Animal Trypanosomosis, Merid N. Getahun, John Ngiela, John Mark O. Makwatta, Peter Ahuya, Tawich K. Simon, Samuel K. Kamau, Baldwyn Torto, and Daniel Masiga

Metabolomic Analysis of Trypanosoma Congolense and Leishmania Mexicana Treated with Selected Antiparasitic Drugs and in Silico Modelling of Potential Drug Targets, Laurah Nyasita Ondari

Metamorphosis behaviour and regulation in tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) (Diptera: Glossinidae): A review, J. Žďárek and D. L. Denlinger

Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana: Pathogenicity, Horizontal Transmission, and Their Effects on Reproductive Potential of Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Abdullah Mohamed Mkiga, Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed, Hannalene Du Plessis, Fathiya Mbarak Khamis, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Sunday Ekesi, and Denny Bruck

Metarhizium anisopliae infection reduces Trypanosoma congolense reproduction in Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and its ability to acquire or transmit the parasite, Lawrence G. Wamiti, Fathiya M. Khamis, Adly M.M. Abd-Alla, Fidelis L.O. Ombura, Komivi S. Akutse, Sevgan Subramanian, Samuel O. Odiwuor, Shem J. Ochieng, Sunday Ekesi, and Nguya K. Maniania

Metatranscriptomic analysis of the gut microbiome of black soldier fly larvae reared on lignocellulose-rich fiber diets unveils key lignocellulolytic enzymes, Eric G. Kariuki, Caleb Kibet, Juan C. Paredes, Gerald Mboowa, Oscar Mwaura, John Njogu, Daniel Masiga, Timothy D.H. Bugg, and Chrysantus M. Tanga

Methanolic extract of Agerantum conyzoides exhibited toxicity and growth disruption activities against Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and Anopheles arabiensis larvae, Jackson Mbithi Muema, Sospeter Ngoci Njeru, Céline Colombier, and Rose Muthoni Marubu

Metrics for identifying food security status, Nicholas Ogot

Mice Pups Breastfed by Foster Mothers Whose Breast Milk Contains Plasmodium falciparum Recombinant SE36 Antigen Develop Specific Antibodies, Margaret Mendi Njoroge, Victor Irungu Mwangi, Tonny Jimmy Owalla, Hastings Ozwara, and Thomas G. Egwang

Microbial composition and bioremediation in frass fertilizers from insect-based agri-food waste valorization, María Gómez-Brandón, Dennis Beesigamukama, Maraike Probst, Thomas Klammsteiner, Jian Qiang Su, Yong Guan Zhu, and Chrysantus Mbi Tanga

Microbial contaminants in wild Harvested and trade Dedible long-horned Grasshopper, Ruspolia differens (orthoptera: tettigoniidae) Inuganda, Simon Labu

Microbiome diversity in Diaphorina citri populations from Kenya and Tanzania shows links to China, Inusa J. Ajene, Inusa J. Ajene, Inusa J. Ajene, Fathiya M. Khamis, Barbara Van Asch, Gerhard Pietersen, Brenda A. Rasowo, Fidelis L. Ombura, Anne W. Wairimu, Komivi S. Akutse, Mamoudou Sétamou, Samira Mohamed, and Sunday Ekesi

Microclimate modification and insect pest exclusion using agronet improve pod yield and quality of French bean, Elisha Otieno Gogo, Mwanarusi Saidi, Jacob Mugwa Ochieng, Thibaud Martin, Vance Baird, and Mathieu Ngouajio

Microhabitat and patch selection detection from GPS tracking collars of semi-free ranging Mashona cattle within a semi-arid environment, C. Gwatirisa, B. T. Mudereri, T. Chitata, C. Mukanga, M. M. Ngwenya, J. V. Muzvondiwa, R. Mugandani, and M. Sungirai

Microsporidia: a promising vector control tool for residual malaria transmission, Tullu Bukhari, Roland Pevsner, and Jeremy Keith Herren

Microsporidia MB in the primary malaria vector Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is avirulent and undergoes maternal and horizontal transmission, Godfrey Nattoh, Brenda Onyango, Edward Edmond Makhulu, Diana Omoke, Lilian Mbaisi Ang’ang’o, Luna Kamau, Maxwell Machani Gesuge, Eric Ochomo, and Jeremy Keith Herren

Microsporidian infection of mosquito larvae changes the host-associated microbiome towards the synthesis of antimicrobial factors, Artur Trzebny, Abigail D. Taylor, Jeremy K. Herren, Johanna K. Björkroth, Sylwia Jedut, and Miroslawa Dabert

Migration, trapping and local dynamics of whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), L. Riis and G. Nachman

Mineral fertilizer use in land-scarce conditions: Case of Rwanda, Josaphat Rusisiro Mugabo, Eric Tollens, Jonas Nwankwo Chianu, and Bernard Vanlauwe

Minerals content of extruded fish feeds containing cricket (Acheta domesticus) and black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) fractions, F. G. Irungu, C. M. Mutungi, A. K. Faraj, H. Affognon, C. Tanga, S. Ekesi, D. Nakimbugwe, and K. K.M. Fiaboe

Minjingu phosphate rock applications increase the population of phosphate solubilising microorganisms with a positive impact on crop yields in a Kenyan Ferralsol, Keziah Wairimu Ndungu-Magiroi, Boaz Waswa, Andre Bationo, John Robert Okalebo, Caleb Othieno, Laetitia Herrmann, and Didier Lesueur

Mitochondrial and nuclear multilocus phylogeny of Rhipicephalus ticks from Kenya, Esther G. Kanduma, Richard P. Bishop, Naftaly W. Githaka, Robert A. Skilton, Heloise Heyne, and Joram M. Mwacharo

Mitochondrial coding genome analysis of tropical root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne) supports haplotype based diagnostics and reveals evidence of recent reticulate evolution, Toon Janssen, Gerrit Karssen, Myrtle Verhaeven, Danny Coyne, and Wim Bert

Mitochondrial genetic variation reveals phylogeographic structure and cryptic diversity in Trioza erytreae, Inusa Ajene, Gerhard Pietersen, and Barbara van Asch

Mitochondrial genomes reveal diverse lineages of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psyllidae) in Kenya and La Réunion, Yanjing Wang, Susan Halbert, Samira Mohamed, Hélène Delatte, Bernard Reynaud, George A.C. Beattie, Paul Holford, Jinming Lu, and Yijing Cen

Mitogenomic analysis of diversity of key whitefly pests in Kenya and its implication to their sustainable management, Fathiya M. Khamis, Fidelis L.O. Ombura, Inusa J. Ajene, Komivi S. Akutse, Sevgan Subramanian, Samira A. Mohamed, Thomas Dubois, Chrysantus M. Tanga, and Sunday Ekesi

Mitogenomic profiling and gut microbial analysis of the newly identified polystyrene-consuming lesser mealworm in Kenya, Evalyne W. Ndotono, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Segenet Kelemu, and Fathiya M. Khamis

Model Application of Entomopathogenic Fungi as Alternatives to Chemical Pesticides: Prospects, Challenges, and Insights for Next-Generation Sustainable Agriculture, Bamisope Steve Bamisile, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Junaid Ali Siddiqui, and Yijuan Xu

Modeling growth, development and yield of cassava: A review, Patricia Moreno-Cadena, Gerrit Hoogenboom, James H. Cock, Julian Ramirez-Villegas, Pieter Pypers, Christine Kreye, Meklit Tariku, Kodjovi Senam Ezui, Luis Augusto Becerra Lopez-Lavalle, and Senthold Asseng

Modeling integrated soil fertility management for maize production in Kenya using a Bayesian calibration of the DayCent model, Moritz Laub, Magdalena Necpalova, Marijn Van De Broek, Marc Corbeels, Samuel Mathu Ndungu, Monicah Wanjiku Mucheru-Muna, Daniel Mugendi, Rebecca Yegon, Wycliffe Waswa, Bernard Vanlauwe, and Johan Six

Modeling symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation in grain legumes globally with LPJ-GUESS (v4.0, r10285), Jianyong Ma, Stefan Olin, Peter Anthoni, Sam S. Rabin, Anita D. Bayer, Sylvia S. Nyawira, and Almut Arneth

Modeling the dynamics of tritrophic population interactions, Andrew Paul Gutierrez and Johann Baumgärtner

Modeling the risk of invasion and spread of Tuta absoluta in Africa, Ritter Y.A. Guimapi, Samira A. Mohamed, George O. Okeyo, Frank T. Ndjomatchoua, Sunday Ekesi, and Henri E.Z. Tonnang

Modelling agricultural production of small-scale farmers in sub-Saharan Africa: A case study in western Kenya, Adedapo Odulaja and Fassil G. Kiros

Modelling and manipulation of aphid-mediated spread of non-persistently transmitted viruses, John P. Carr, Trisna Tungadi, Ruairí Donnelly, Ana Bravo-Cazar, Sun Ju Rhee, Lewis G. Watt, J. Musembi Mutuku, Francis O. Wamonje, Alex M. Murphy, Warren Arinaitwe, Adrienne E. Pate, Nik J. Cunniffe, and Christopher A. Gilligan

Modelling and projections of the COVID-19 epidemic and the potential impact of social distancing in Cameroon, Solange Whegang Youdom, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, and Simeon Pierre Choukem

Modelling appropriate use of trypanocides to restrict wide-spread multi-drug resistance during chemotherapy of animal African trypanosomiasis, Ibrahim I. Wangwe, Sarah A. Wamwenje, Caroline Mirieri, Nicodemus M. Masila, Lillian Wambua, and Benard W. Kulohoma

Modelling the Distributions of Maize Stem Borers at Local Scale in East African Mountain Gradients Using Climatic and Edaphic Variables, S. Mwalusepo, E. S. Massawe, T. Johansson, E. Abdel-Rahman, M. Gathara, E. Njuguna, P. A. Calatayud, O. J. James, T. Landmann, and B. P.Le Ru

Modelling the effect of temperature on the biology and demographic parameters of the African coffee white stem borer, Monochamus leuconotus (Pascoe) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Christian W.W. Pirk, Saliou Niassy, Ephantus K. Guandaru, Guillaume David, and Régis Babin

Modelling the environmental and terrestrial drivers of the spread of the invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda in Africa, Marian Adan, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Klaus Greve, Christian Borgemeister, and Georg Goergen

Modelling the potential distribution of the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) using CLIMEX, Philipe Guilherme Corcino Souza, Owusu Fordjour Aidoo, Fausto Henrique Vieira Araújo, Ricardo Siqueira da Silva, Paulo Antônio Santana Júnior, Priscila Kelly Barroso Farnezi, Marcelo Coutinho Picanço, Mamoudou Sètamou, Sunday Ekesi, and Christian Borgemeister

Modelling the Transmission Dynamics of African Animal Trypanosomiasis; A Case Study of Shimba Hills, Kwale County, Kenya, Gladys Jerono Rotich

Modelling the trappability of tsetse, Glossina fuscipes fuscipes, in relation to distance from their natural habitats, Adedapo Odulaja and Mohamed M. Mohamed-Ahmed

Models for estimation of population density of late instar nymphs and fledglings of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.), S. El Bashir, C. Inayatullah, A. O. Ahmed, and H. E. Abdelrahman

Moderate effect of artemisinin-based combination therapy on transmission of Plasmodium falciparum, J. Teun Bousema, Petra Schneider, Louis C. Gouagna, Chris J. Drakeley, Alma Tostmann, Rein Houben, John I. Githure, Rosalynn Ord, Colin J. Sutherland, Sabah A. Omar, and Robert W. Sauerwein

Modulation of phototactic behavior of first‐instar larvae of rice leaffolder by plant factors, R. Ramachandran and Z. R. Khan

Modulation of the NO-cGMP pathway has no effect on olfactory responses in the Drosophila antenna, Sinisa Prelic, Merid N. Getahun, Sabine Kaltofen, Bill S. Hansson, and Dieter Wicher

Moisture adsorption properties and shelf-life estimation of dried and pulverised edible house cricket Acheta domesticus (L.) and black soldier fly larvae Hermetia illucens (L.), E. Kamau, C. Mutungi, J. Kinyuru, S. Imathiu, C. Tanga, H. Affognon, S. Ekesi, D. Nakimbugwe, and K. K.M. Fiaboe

Molasses as a source of carbon dioxide for attracting the malaria mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus, Collins K. Mweresa, Philemon Omusula, Bruno Otieno, Joop J.A. Van Loon, Willem Takken, and Wolfgang R. Mukabana

Molasses Grass Induces Direct and Indirect Defense Responses in Neighbouring Maize Plants, Tigist A. Tolosa, Amanuel Tamiru, Charles A.O. Midega, Johnnie Van Den Berg, Michael A. Birkett, Christine M. Woodcock, Toby J.A. Bruce, Segenet Kelemu, John A. Pickett, and Zeyaur R. Khan

Molecular characterisation of microsporidia mb species and correlation with plasmodium presence in anopheles mosquitoes in Mwea and Mbita, Kenya, Lilian M. Ang'ang'o

Molecular characterization and evolution of a gene family encoding male-specific reproductive proteins in the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, Emiliano Mancini, Francesco Baldini, Federica Tammaro, Maria Calzetta, Aurelio Serrao, Phillip George, Isabelle Morlais, Daniel Masiga, Igor V. Sharakhov, David W. Rogers, Flaminia Catteruccia, and Alessandra Della Torre

Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of tomato root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) from selected localities of Kenya, Rael Kayume Birithia

Molecular characterization of a tsetse fly midgut proteolytic lectin that mediates differentiation of African trypanosomes, Laila U. Abubakar, Wallace D. Bulimo, Francis J. Mulaa, and Ellie O. Osir

Molecular characterization of pathogenic African trypanosomes in biting flies and camels in surra-endemic areas outside the tsetse fly belt in Kenya, Merid N. Getahun, Jandouwe Villinger, Joel L. Bargul, Jackson M. Muema, Abel Orone, John Ngiela, Peter O. Ahuya, Rajinder K. Saini, Baldwyn Torto, and Daniel K. Masiga

Molecular characterization of Trypanosoma vivax in tsetse flies confirms the presence of the virulent Tvv4 genotype in Kenya: Potential implications for the control of trypanosomiasis in Shimba Hills, Faith I. Ebhodaghe, Armanda D.S. Bastos, Kevin O. Kidambasi, Shewit Kalayou, Daniel K. Masiga, and Michael N. Okal

Molecular Comparison of Cattle Fever Ticks from Native and Introduced Ranges, with Insights into Optimal Search Areas for Classical Biological Control Agents, J. A. Goolsby, F. D. Guerrero, J. Gaskin, K. G. Bendele, P. Azhahianambi, D. Amalin, M. Flores-Cruz, J. Kashefi, L. Smith, A. Racelis, R. K. Saini, and A. Perez De Leon

Molecular detection of Leishmania donovani, Leishmania major, and Trypanosoma species in Sergentomyia squamipleuris sand flies from a visceral leishmaniasis focus in Merti sub-County, eastern Kenya, Barrack O. Owino, Jackline Milkah Mwangi, Steve Kiplagat, Hannah Njiriku Mwangi, Johnstone M. Ingonga, Alphine Chebet, Philip M. Ngumbi, Jandouwe Villinger, Daniel K. Masiga, and Damaris Matoke-Muhia

Molecular detection of novel Anaplasma sp. and zoonotic hemopathogens in livestock and their hematophagous biting keds (genus Hippobosca) from Laisamis, northern Kenya, Daniel M. Mwaki, Kevin O. Kidambasi, Johnson Kinyua, Kenneth Ogila, Collins Kigen, Dennis Getange, Jandouwe Villinger, Daniel K. Masiga, Mark Carrington, and Joel L. Bargul

Molecular detection of residual parasitemia after pyronaridine-artesunate or artemether-lumefantrine treatment of uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria in Kenyan children, Johanna M. Roth, Patrick Sawa, George Omweri, Nicodemus Makio, Victor Osoti, Menno D. De Jong, Henk D.F.H. Schallig, and Pètra F. Mens

Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogen diversities in ticks from livestock and reptiles along the shores and adjacent Islands of Lake Victoria and Lake Baringo, Kenya, David Omondi, Daniel K. Masiga, Burtram C. Fielding, Edward Kariuki, Yvonne Ukamaka Ajamma, Micky M. Mwamuye, Daniel O. Ouso, and Jandouwe Villinger

Molecular diagnosis of a previously unreported predator-prey association in coffee: Karnyothrips flavipes Jones (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) predation on the coffee berry borer, Juliana Jaramillo, Eric G. Chapman, Fernando E. Vega, and James D. Harwood

Molecular diagnostics of economically important Ceratitis fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Africa using PCR and RFLP analyses, N. B. Barr, R. S. Copeland, M. De Meyer, D. Masiga, H. G. Kibogo, M. K. Billah, E. Osir, R. A. Wharton, and B. A. McPheron

Molecular discrimination between the spider mite Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard, an important pest of tomatoes in southern Africa, and the closely related species T. urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae), M. Knapp, B. Wagener, and M. Navajas

Molecular Identification and Characterization of Spiroplasma in Anopheles Arabiensis from Kenya, Towett S. Chepkemoi

Molecular identification of different trypanosome species and subspecies in tsetse flies of northern Nigeria, Clement Isaac, Marc Ciosi, Alana Hamilton, Kathleen Maria Scullion, Peter Dede, Igho Benjamin Igbinosa, Oyebiguwa Patrick Goddey Nmorsi, Dan Masiga, and C. Michael R. Turner

Molecular mapping of QTLs for domestication-related traits in cowpea (V. unguiculata (L.) Walp.), Mebeaselassie Andargie, Remy S. Pasquet, Bhavani S. Gowda, Geoffrey M. Muluvi, and Michael P. Timko

Molecular markers reveal narrow genetic base and culturing-associated genetic drift in Teretrius nigrescens Lewis populations released for the biological control of the larger grain borer in Africa, B. A. Omondi, J. Van Den Berg, D. Masiga, and F. Schulthess

Molecular mechanisms based on peripheral level of vanillin recognition in Orthaga achatina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Ting Ting Yang, Yu Ma, Zheng Dai, Ying Li, Ji Xiang Wang, Teng Fei Bai, Merid Negash Getahun, George F.O. Obiero, Shuang Lin Dong, and Jin Zhang

Molecular Phylogenetic Characterization of Symbiotic Microbiota in the Intestinal Tracts of Wild Lepidopteran Stem Borer Eldana Saccharina Walker (Pyralidae), James Gitari Kabii J

Molecular phylogenetics and definition of the Acrapex minima Janse group (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Apameini, Sesamiina) with the description of four new species from the Afrotropics, Bruno Le Ru, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Boaz K. Musyoka, Muluken Goftishu, Yoseph Assefa, Rose Ndemah, Richard Molo, Gilson Chipabika, Desmong Conlong, George Ong’amo, and Gaël J. Kergoat

Molecular Phylogenetics and Phylogeography of sand lizards, Pedioplanis (Sauria: Lacertidae) in southern Africa, Jane S. Makokha

Molecular phylogenetics, systematics and host-plant associations of the Bruchidius albosparsus (Fåhraeus) species group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) with the descript ion of four new species, Alex Delobel, Bruno Le Ru, Gwenaëlle Genson, Boaz K. Musyoka, and Gael J. Kergoat

Molecular prevalence and risk factors associated with tick-borne pathogens in cattle in western Kenya, Tatenda Chiuya, Jandouwe Villinger, Daniel K. Masiga, Dickens O. Ondifu, Maurice K. Murungi, Lillian Wambua, Armanda D.S. Bastos, Eric M. Fèvre, and Laura C. Falzon

Molecular quantification of Plasmodium parasite density from the blood retained in used RDTs, Ailie Robinson, Annette O. Busula, Julian K. Muwanguzi, Stephen J. Powers, Daniel K. Masiga, Teun Bousema, Willem Takken, Jetske G. de Boer, James G. Logan, Khalid B. Beshir, and Colin J. Sutherland

Molecular screening reveals non-uniform malaria transmission in western Kenya and absence of Rickettsia africae and selected arboviruses in hospital patients, Tatenda Chiuya, Jandouwe Villinger, Laura C. Falzon, Lorren Alumasa, Fredrick Amanya, Armanda D.S. Bastos, Eric M. Fèvre, and Daniel K. Masiga

Monitoring Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) with baited bottom board traps: Occurrence and seasonal abundance in honey bee colonies in Kenya, Baldwyn Torto, Ayuka T. Fombong, Richard T. Arbogast, and Peter E.A. Teal

Monitoring secondary outbreaks of the African armyworm in Kenya using pheromone traps for timing of Bacillus thuringiensis application, M. Broza, M. Brownbridge, and B. Sneh

Monitoring the small hive beetle aethina tumida (coleoptera: Nitidulidae) with baited flight traps: Effect of distance from bee hives and shade on the numbers of beetles captured, Richard T. Arbogast, Baldwyn Torto, and Peter E.A. Teal

Monitoring tsetse fly populations.:II. The effect of climate on trap catches of Glossina pallidipes, BRIAN WILLIAMS, ROBERT BRIGHTWELL, and ROBERT DRANSFIELD

Monitoring tsetse fly populations. I. The intrinsic variability of trap catches of Glossina pallidipes at Nguruman, Kenya, BRIAN WILLIAMS, ROBERT DRANSFIELD, and ROBERT BRIGHTWELL

Monitoring vegetation dynamics with medium resolution MODIS-EVI time series at sub-regional scale in southern Africa, Olena Dubovyk, Tobias Landmann, Barend F.N. Erasmus, Andreas Tewes, and Jürgen Schellberg

Monitoring wild silkmoth, Ganometa postica walker, abundance, host plant diversity and distribution in Imba and Mumoni woodlands in Mwingi, Kenya, Ken O. Fening, Esther N. Kioko, Suresh K. Raina, and Jones M. Mueke

Monooxygenase levels and knockdown resistance (kdr) allele frequencies in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis in Kenya, Hong Chen, Andrew K. Githeko, John I. Githure, James Mutunga, Guofa Zhou, and Guiyun Yan

More than "push" and "pull"? Plant-soil feedbacks of maize companion cropping increase chemical plant defenses against herbivores, Daniel M. Mutyambai, Ethan Bass, Tim Luttermoser, Katja Poveda, Charles A.O. Midega, Zeyaur R. Khan, and André Kessler

Morphogenetic effects of some partially‐purified fractions and methanolic extracts of neem seeds on Mythimna separata (Walker) and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), W. Lwande and M. D. Bentley

Morphogenetic effects of some partially‐purified fractions and methanolic extracts of neem seeds on Mythimna separata (Walker) and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), H. Schmutterer

Morphological re-description and molecular identification of tabanidae (Diptera) in East Africa, Claire M. Mugasa, Jandouwe Villinger, Joseph Gitau, Nelly Ndungu, Marc Ciosi, and Daniel Masiga

Morphological reinforcement, ancient introgressive hybridization and species delimitation in African stem-borer species of the genus Sesamia Guenée (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Pascal Moyal, Bruno Le Rü, Johnny Van Den Berg, Alain Ratnadass, Domingos Cugala, Teddy Matama-Kauma, Beatrice Pallangyo, Desmond Conlong, and Belay Defabachew

Morphological study of cultivated cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Importance of ovule number and definition of cv gr Melanophthalmus, Rémy Stéphane Pasquet

Morphology, development and reproduction of atractomorpha acutipennis (Guérin-méneville, 1844) (orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae), Sévilor Kekeunou, Marcelle Mbadjoun-Nziké, Alain Christel Wandji, Steve Bernard Soh-Baleba, Alfiery Laurel Djomnang-Nkwala, Alain Simeu-Noutchom, Charly Oumarou-Ngoute, Philene Corine Aude Um-Nyobe, Linda Gaelle Guiadem-Simo, and Patrick Ntonga Akono

Morphology of the minute larva of Ptinella tenella, with special reference to effects of miniaturisation and the systematic position of Ptiliidae (Coleoptera: Staphylinoidea), Vasily V. Grebennikov and Rolf G. Beutel

Morphometric Comparisons of Citrus Rust Mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) Acari: Eriophyidae Populations in Texas and Kenya, Steven M. Reyna, Sunday Ekesi, and Mamoudou Sétamou

Morphometrics, molecular, and reproductive parameters of Rhynchophorus morphotypes F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Ghana, Jacob Paarechuga Anankware, Shadrack Kwaku Debrah, Shadrack Asomah, James Peter Egonyu, Saliou Niassy, Khamis Fathiya, and Daniel Obeng-Ofori

Morphormetrics and DNA Barcoding for the Identification of Wild Silk Moths from selected sites in Kenya, Peter Kuria Kamau

Mortality in adult tsetse, Glossina morsitans morsitans, caused by entomopathogenic bacteria, Godwin P. Kaaya and Nafisa Darji

Mortality in three African tephritid fruit fly puparia and adults caused by the entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, S. Ekesi, N. K. Maniania, and S. A. Lux

Mosquito Attraction: Crucial Role of Carbon Dioxide in Formulation of a Five-Component Blend of Human-Derived Volatiles, Joop J.A. van Loon, Renate C. Smallegange, Gabriella Bukovinszkiné-Kiss, Frans Jacobs, Marjolein De Rijk, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, Niels O. Verhulst, David J. Menger, and Willem Takken

Mosquito-borne arbovirus surveillance at selected sites in diverse ecological zones of Kenya; 2007 - 2012, Caroline Ochieng, Joel Lutomiah, Albina Makio, Hellen Koka, Edith Chepkorir, Santos Yalwala, James Mutisya, Lillian Musila, Samoel Khamadi, Jason Richardson, Joshua Bast, David Schnabel, Eyako Wurapa, and Rosemary Sang

Mosquito breeding and opposition stimulant in fruit husks, L. P. LOUNIBOS

Mosquitoes Larvicidal Activity of Ocimum kilimandscharicum Oil Formulation under Laboratory and Field-Simulated Conditions, John Bwire Ochola, Clifford Maina Mutero, Rose Muthoni Marubu, Barbara Frei Haller, Ahmed Hassanali, and Wilber Lwande

Mosquito host choices on livestock amplifiers of Rift Valley fever virus in Kenya, David P. Tchouassi, Robinson O.K. Okiro, Rosemary Sang, Lee W. Cohnstaedt, David Scott McVey, and Baldwyn Torto

Mosquito host preferences affect their response to synthetic and natural odour blends, Annette O. Busula, Willem Takken, Dorothy E. Loy, Beatrice H. Hahn, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, and Niels O. Verhulst

Mosquito larval habitats in a semiarid ecosystem in Eritrea: Impact of larval habitat management on Anopheles arabiensis population, Josephat Shililu, Charles Mbogo, Tewolde Ghebremeskel, John Githure, and Robert Novak

Mosquito larvicidal activity of Cassia tora seed extract and its key anthraquinones aurantio-obtusin and obtusin, Valentine C. Mbatchou, David P. Tchouassi, Rita A. Dickson, Kofi Annan, Abraham Y. Mensah, Isaac K. Amponsah, Julia W. Jacob, Xavier Cheseto, Solomon Habtemariam, and Baldwyn Torto

Mosquito larvicidal constituents from Lantana viburnoides sp viburnoides var kisi (A. rich) Verdc (Verbenaceae), Ester Innocent, Cosam C. Joseph, Nicholus K. Gikonyo, Mainen J. Moshi, Mayunga H.H. Nkunya, and Ahmed Hassanali

Mosquito mating behaviour, Willem Takken, Carlo Costantini, Guimogo Dolo, Ahmed Hassanali, N'Fale Sagnon, and Eli Osir

Mosquito microevolution drives Plasmodium falciparum dynamics, Markus Gildenhard, Evans K. Rono, Assetou Diarra, Anne Boissière, Priscila Bascunan, Paola Carrillo-Bustamante, Djeneba Camara, Hanne Krüger, Modibo Mariko, Ramata Mariko, Paul Mireji, Sandrine E. Nsango, Julien Pompon, Yara Reis, Martin K. Rono, Pamela B. Seda, Janis Thailayil, Alou Traorè, Cynthia V. Yapto, Parfait Awono-Ambene, Roch K. Dabiré, Abdulaye Diabaté, Daniel Masiga, Flaminia Catteruccia, Isabelle Morlais, Mouctar Diallo, Djibril Sangare, and Elena A. Levashina

Mosquito species abundance and diversity in Malindi, Kenya and their potential implication in pathogen transmission, Joseph M. Mwangangi, Janet Midega, Samuel Kahindi, Laban Njoroge, Joseph Nzovu, John Githure, Charles M. Mbogo, and John C. Beier

Mosquito species diversity and abundance in relation to land use in a riceland agroecosystems in Mwea, Kenya, Ephantus J. Muturi, Josephat Shililu, Benjamin Jacob, Weidong Gu, John Githure, and Robert Novak

Mosquito species succession and physicochemical factors affecting their abundance in rice fields in Mwea, Kenya, Ephantus J. Muturi, Joseph Mwangangi, Josephat Shililu, Simon Muriu, Benjamin Jacob, Ephantus Kabiru, Weidong Gu, Charles Mbogo, John Githure, and Robert Novak

Mosquito-terminator spiders and the meaning of predatory specialization, Robert R. Jackson and Fiona R. Cross

Mouse experiments demonstrate differential pathogenicity and virulence of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense strains, Limo William Kipkorir, Thuita Kibuthu John, Orindi Benedict Owino, Oidho John, Shivairo Robert, Masiga Daniel, and Adung'a Vincent Owino

Movement, Distribution, and Survival of Cyrtomenus bergi (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) within the Soil Profile in Experimentally Simulated Horizontal and Vertical Soil Water Gradients, Lisbeth Riis and Peter Esbjerg

Muhaka icipe, an enigmatic new genus and species of Kleidotomini (Hymenoptera: Figitidae: Eucoilinae) from an East African coastal forest, M. L. Buffington and R. S. Copeland

Multi-compartment chemical characterization and risk assessment of chemicals of emerging concern in freshwater systems of western Kenya, Faith Jebiwot Kandie, Martin Krauss, Riccardo Massei, Akbar Ganatra, Ulrike Fillinger, Jeremias Becker, Matthias Liess, Baldwyn Torto, and Werner Brack

Multifunctional coreid bug pheromones for efficient bioprotection against legume pests and enhanced food productivity, Hilaire Kpongbe, Fathiya M. Khamis, Xavier Cheseto, Hillary K. Kirwa, Manuele Tamò, and Baldwyn Torto

Multilocus genotyping of Theileria parva isolates associated with a live vaccination trial in Kenya provides evidence for transmission of immunizing parasites into local tick and cattle populations, Richard P. Bishop, David O. Odongo, Paul R. Spooner, Subhash P. Morzaria, Chris A.L. Oura, and Robert A. Skilton

Multi-locus genotyping reveals absence of genetic structure in field populations of the brown ear tick (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) in Kenya, Esther G. Kanduma, Joram M. Mwacharo, Stephen Mwaura, Joyce N. Njuguna, Inosters Nzuki, Peter W. Kinyanjui, Naftaly Githaka, Heloise Heyne, Olivier Hanotte, Robert A. Skilton, and Richard P. Bishop

Multimodal interactions in Stomoxys navigation reveal synergy between olfaction and vision, Merid N. Getahun, Steve B.S. Baleba, John Ngiela, Peter Ahuya, and Daniel Masiga

Multinomial Regression in Insect choice studies: A case of Leaf miner Parasitoids' choices, Kelvin K. Gikonyo

Multi-omics analyses reveal rumen microbes and secondary metabolites that are unique to livestock species, Victor O. Omondi, Geoffrey O. Bosire, John M. Onyari, Caleb Kibet, Samuel Mwasya, Vanessa N. Onyonyi, and Merid N. Getahun

Multiparasitism by the pupal parasitoids, Xanthopimpla stemmator (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Pediobius furvus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on two African cereal stemborers, Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), John J. Muturi, Adele J. Ngi-Song, Jones M. Mueke, Mamoudou Sétamou, Fritz Schulthess, and Nanqing Jiang

Multiple parasitism by Cotesia sesamiae and Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), A. J. Ngi-Song, S. Kimani-Njogu, and W. A. Overholt

Multi-pronged abundance prediction of bee pests’ spatial proliferation in Kenya, David Masereti Makori, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, John Odindi, Onisimo Mutanga, Tobias Landmann, and Henri E.Z. Tonnang

Multi-sensor mapping of honey bee habitats and fragmentation in agro-ecological landscapes in Eastern Kenya, Pamela Ochungo, Ruan Veldtman, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Suresh Raina, Eliud Muli, and Tobias Landmann

Multi-source Earth Observation Derived Data for Delineating the 2011 High Flood Line in the Okavango Delta (Botswana) for Flood Risk Mitigation and Management, Kelebogile Botseo Mfundisi, Stella Gachoki, Elfatih Abdel-Rahman, Tobias Landmann, and Alex M. Mudabeti

Multi-source spatial data-based invasion risk modeling of Striga (Striga asiatica) in Zimbabwe, Bester Tawona Mudereri, Elfatih Mohamed Abdel-Rahman, Timothy Dube, Tobias Landmann, Zeyaur Khan, Emily Kimathi, Rachel Owino, and Saliou Niassy

Multitrophic interaction facilitates parasite-host relationship between an invasive beetle and the honey bee, Baldwyn Torto, Drion G. Boucias, Richard T. Arbogast, James H. Tumlinson, and Peter E.A. Teal

Multi-trophic level interactions in a cassava-maize mixed cropping system in the humid tropics of West Africa, F. Schulthess, A. Chabi-Olaye, and S. Gounou

Mursamacin: A novel class of antibiotics from soil-dwelling roundworms of Central Kenya that inhibits methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Ryan Musumba Awori, Peter Njenga Ng'ang'a, Lorine Nanjala Nyongesa, Nelson Onzere Amugune, and Daniel Masiga

Mushroom: Molecular characterization of indigenous species in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria, O. M. Adedokun, M. Kyalo, B. Gnonlonfin, J. Wainaina, D. Githae, R. Skilton, and J. Harvey

Mutangin, a dihydroagarofuranoid sesquiterpene insect antifeedant from Elaeodendron buchananii, Muniru K. Tsanuo, Ahmed Hassanali, Isaac J.O. Jondiko, and Baldwyn Torto

Mycoplasma feriruminatoris sp. nov., a fast growing Mycoplasma species isolated from wild Caprinae, Joerg Jores, Anne Fischer, Pascal Sirand-Pugnet, Andreas Thomann, Elisabeth M. Liebler-Tenorio, Christiane Schnee, Ivette Santana-Cruz, Martin Heller, and Joachim Frey

Mycotoxins in Sub-Saharan Africa: Present situation, socio-economic impact, awareness, and outlook, Patchimaporn Udomkun, Alexander Nimo Wiredu, Marcus Nagle, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Joachim Müller, and Bernard Vanlauwe

Myth or truth: investigation of the jumping ability of Tunga penetrans (Siphonaptera:Tungidae), Ayako Hyuga, Paul Ouma, Abneel K. Matharu, Jürgen Krücken, Satoshi Kaneko, Kensuke Goto, and Ulrike Fillinger

Nanoculcita, a New Genus of Afrotropical Robber Fly from Kenya (Asilidae: Stichopogoninae), J. G.H. Londt and R. S. Copeland

Nanosilica supplementation in tomato increases oviposition on stems and caterpillar mortality in the tomato pinworm, Kokou R. Fiaboe, Fathiya M. Khamis, Xavier Cheseto, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, and Baldwyn Torto

Napier grass stunt disease in East Africa: Farmers' perspectives on disease management, George O. Asudi, Johnnie van den Berg, Charles A.O. Midega, Jimmy Pittchar, John A. Pickett, and Zeyaur R. Khan

National prevalence and risk factors for tungiasis in Kenya, Lynne Elson, Christopher Kamau, Sammy Koech, Christopher Muthama, George Gachomba, Erastus Sinoti, Elwyn Chondo, Eliud Mburu, Miriam Wakio, Jimmy Lore, Marta Maia, Ifedayo Adetifa, Benedict Orindi, Phillip Bejon, and Ulrike Fillinger

Natural attraction of livestock ticks by the leaves of a shrub, S. M. Hassan, O. O. Dipeolu, and M. M. Malonza

Natural enemies of cereal stemborers in east africa: A review, M. J. Bonhof, W. A. Overholt, A. Van Huis, and A. Polaszek

Natural enemies of maize stemborers on the highveld of Zimbabwe, P. Chinwada and W. A. Overholt

Naturally occurring bioactive compounds from four repellent essential oils against Bemisia tabaci whiteflies, Emilie Deletre, Fabrice Chandre, Barbara Barkman, Chantal Menut, and Thibaud Martin

Naturally Occurring Compounds With Larvicidal Activity Against Malaria Mosquitoes, Trizah K. Milugo, David P. Tchouassi, Reginald A. Kavishe, Rhoel R. Dinglasan, and Baldwyn Torto

Nature-Based Land Management Practices and Yield Dynamics in Oil Palm Production: Insights From Indonesian Smallholder Growers, Kibrom T. Sibhatu, Martin Paul Tabe-Ojong, and Hermanto Siregar

Nature's food - The contribution of edible insects to household nutrition and income in Western Kenya, L. A. Adundo and K. Mulungu

Near-infrared spectroscopic method to identify Cotesia flavipes and Cotesia sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), T. J. Cole, M. S. Ram, F. E. Dowell, C. O. Omwega, W. A. Overholt, and S. B. Ramaswamy

Nectar meals of a mosquito-specialist spider, Josiah O. Kuja, Robert R. Jackson, Godfrey O. Sune, Rebecca N.H. Karanja, Zipporah O. Lagat, and Georgina E. Carvell

Neem seed extract spray applications as low-cost inputs for management of the flower thrips in the cowpea crop, R. C. Saxena and E. L. Kidiavai

Nest Architecture as a Tool for Species Discrimination of Hypotrigona Species (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini), N. N. Ndungu, A. A. Yusuf, S. K. Raina, D. K. Masiga, C. W.W. Pirk, and K. Nkoba

Nestmate recognition and the role of cuticular hydrocarbons in the African termite raiding ant Pachycondyla analis, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Christian W.W. Pirk, Robin M. Crewe, Peter G.N. Njagi, Ian Gordon, and Baldwyn Torto

Nethouses protect cucumber plants from insect pests and increase yields in eastern Africa, Thibault Nordey, Emilie Deletre, Nickson Mlowe, and Thibaud Martin

Network resilience of plant-bee interactions in the Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot, Fairo F. Dzekashu, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Kazuhiro Takemoto, Marcell K. Peters, H. Michael G. Lattorff, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter, and Christian W.W. Pirk

Neural regulation of pupariation in tsetse larvae., J. Zdárek and D. L. Denlinger

Neurocognitive and mental health outcomes in children with tungiasis: a cross-sectional study in rural Kenya and Uganda, Berrick Otieno, Lynne Elson, Abneel K. Matharu, Naomi Riithi, Esther Chongwo, Khamis Katana, Carophine Nasambu, Francis Mutebi, Herman Feldmeier, Jürgen Krücken, Ulrike Fillinger, and Amina Abubakar

Neurotoxicology of bis(n)-Tacrines on blattella germanica and Drosophila melanogaster acetylcholinesterase, James M. Mutunga, Dhana Raj Boina, Troy D. Anderson, Jeffrey R. Bloomquist, Paul R. Carlier, Dawn M. Wong, Polo C.H. Lam, and Maxim M. Totrov

Neurotoxic Zanthoxylum chalybeum root constituents invoke mosquito larval growth retardation through ecdysteroidogenic CYP450s transcriptional perturbations, Jackson M. Muema, Joel L. Bargul, James M. Mutunga, Meshack A. Obonyo, George O. Asudi, and Sospeter N. Njeru

New bioassay method to assess the pathogenicity of Colombian strains of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin and Paecilomyces sp. (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) against the subterranean burrower bug Cyrtomenus bergi Froeschner (Hemiptera: Cydnidae), Juliana Jaramillo and Christian Borgemeister

New biologically active compounds from Kenyan propolis, Assya Petrova, Milena Popova, Christina Kuzmanova, Iva Tsvetkova, Hristo Naydenski, Eliud Muli, and Vassya Bankova

New Bruchidius species reared from Vachellia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae: Acacieae) seeds from Eastern and Southern Africa (coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), Alex Delobel and Bruno Le Ru

New directions for improving crop resistance to insects by breeding for egg induced defence, Amanuel Tamiru, Zeyaur R. Khan, and Toby J.A. Bruce

New evidence on the mechanics of wing unfolding in dermaptera (Insecta), Fabian Haas, Justin Tan Chek Hwen, and Hung Bun Tang

New genetic opportunities from legume intercrops for controlling Striga spp. parasitic weeds, Antony M. Hooper, Ahmed Hassanali, Keith Chamberlain, Zeyaur Khan, and John A. Pickett

New insights into the emerging edible insect industry in Africa, Chrysantus M. Tanga and Margaret O. Kababu

Newly discovered populations of the "terrible hairy fly", Mormotomyia hirsuta Austen (Diptera: Mormotomyiidae) in Kenya, with further observations on natural history, Robert S. Copeland, Josephat Bukhebi, and Ashley H. Kirk-Spriggs

New mosquito larvicidal tetranortriterpenoids from Turraea wakefieldii and Turraea floribunda, Mary W. Ndung'u, Bakari Kaoneka, Ahmed Hassanali, Wilber Lwande, Antony M. Hooper, Francis Tayman, Oliver Zerbe, and Baldwyn Torto

New records of Anopheles arabiensis breeding on the Mount Kenya highlands indicate indigenous malaria transmission, Hong Chen, Andrew K. Githeko, Guofa Zhou, John I. Githure, and Guiyun Yan

New synonyms of Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth. (Leguminosae - Papilionoideae-Phaseoleae), Rémy S. Pasquet

Next generation sequencing improves the resolution of detecting mixed host blood meal sources in field collected arboviral mosquito vectors, David P. Tchouassi, Robinson O. Kisero, Gilbert Rotich, Christopher Dunlap, Baldwyn Torto, and Ephantus J. Muturi

Niche overlap and interspecific association between Chilo partellus and Chilo orichalcociliellus on the Kenya coast, V. C. Ofomata, W. A. Overholt, A. Van Huis, R. I. Egwuatu, and A. J. Ngi-Song

Nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization and their corresponding monetary values under long-term integrated soil fertility management practices, Peter Bolo, Monicah Mucheru-Muna, Michael Kinyua, George Ayaga, Sylvia Nyawira, and Job Kihara

Nitrogen budgets and nitrogen use efficiency as agricultural performance indicators in Lake Victoria basin, Winnie Ntinyari, Joseph Gweyi-Onyango, Mekonnen Giweta, James Mutegi, Benson Mochoge, Generose Nziguheba, and Cargele Masso

Nitrogen fertilization and liming increased CO2 and N2O emissions from tropical ferralsols, but not from a vertisol, Winnie Ntinyari, Rüdiger Reichel, Joseph P. Gweyi-Onyango, Mekonnen Giweta, Holger Wissel, Cargele Masso, Roland Bol, and Nicolas Brüggemann

Nitrogen fertilizer equivalence of black soldier fly frass fertilizer and synchrony of nitrogen mineralization for maize production, Dennis Beesigamukama, Benson Mochoge, Nicholas Korir, Martha W. Musyoka, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Dorothy Nakimbugwe, Fathiya M. Khamis, Sevgan Subramanian, Thomas Dubois, Sunday Ekesi, and Chrysantus M. Tanga

Nitrogen leaching losses and balances in conventional and organic farming systems in Kenya, Martha W. Musyoka, Noah Adamtey, Anne W. Muriuki, David Bautze, Edward N. Karanja, Monica Mucheru-Muna, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, and Georg Cadisch

Nitrogen release and synchrony in organic and conventional farming systems of the Central Highlands of Kenya, Martha W. Musyoka, Noah Adamtey, Else K. Bünemann, Anne W. Muriuki, Edward N. Karanja, Monica Mucheru-Muna, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, and Georg Cadisch

Nitrogen use efficiency trends for sustainable crop productivity in Lake Victoria basin: Smallholder farmers' perspectives on nitrogen cycling, Winnie Ntinyari, Joseph Gweyi-Onyango, Mekonnen Giweta, Benson Mochoge, James Mutegi, Generose Nziguheba, and Cargele Masso

Non-Chemical Post-Harvest Disinfestation of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Tommy Atkins Mango Using Hot-Water Immersion Treatment, P. Ocitti, S. Ndlela, A. M. Akol, H. Muyinza, and S. A. Mohamed

Non-host plant odors influence the tritrophic interaction between tomato, its foliar herbivore Tuta absoluta and mirid predator Nesidiocoris tenuis, Bashiru Adams, Abdullahi Ahmed Yusuf, Baldwyn Torto, and Fathiya Mbarak Khamis

Non-host status of papaya cultivars to the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), in relation to the degree of fruit ripeness, Domingos Cugala, João Jone Jordane, and Sunday Ekesi

Non-target effects of the 'push-pull' habitat management strategy: Parasitoid activity and soil fauna abundance, Charles A.O. Midega, Zeyaur R. Khan, Johnnie Van den Berg, Callistus K.P.O. Ogol, Toby J. Bruce, and John A. Pickett

Notes on the genus Vigna (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae), R. S. Pasquet

Notommima parallela, a new genus and species of fruit fly from Kenya allied to Notomma Bezzi (Diptera: Tephritidae), A. Freidberg and R. S. Copeland

Novel cross-stage solitarising effect of gregarious-phase adult desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål)) pheromone on hoppers, Magzoub O. Bashir and Ahmed Hassanali

Novel Rickettsia and emergent tick-borne pathogens: A molecular survey of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in Shimba Hills National Reserve, Kenya, Micky M. Mwamuye, Edward Kariuki, David Omondi, James Kabii, David Odongo, Daniel Masiga, and Jandouwe Villinger

Nuclear Intron Sequence Variation of the Bulinus globosus Complex (Mollusca: Planorbidae): Implications for Molecular Systematic Analyses, Chairat Tantrawatpan, Kotchaphon Vaisusuk, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Warayutt Pilap, Naruemon Bunchom, Ross H. Andrews, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Wanchai Maleewong, and Weerachai Saijuntha

Nutrient broth for the cultivation of Leishmania, J. B. Kaddu and M. P. Nyamori

Nutrient contents of pride of Barbados (Caesalpinia pulcherrima Linn.) seeds, A. A. Yusuf, B. M. Mofio, and A. B. Ahmed

Nutrient quality and maturity status of frass fertilizer from nine edible insects, Dennis Beesigamukama, Sevgan Subramanian, and Chrysantus M. Tanga

Nutritional and antioxidant properties of two species of edible scarab beetles (Cetonia aurata and Oryctes rhinoceros), S. S. Mwanza, C. M. Mudalungu, N. M. Kimani, H. O. Mokaya, B. O. Ochieng, S. Juma, and C. M. Tanga

Nutritional and microbial quality of extruded fish feeds containing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L) larvae meal as a replacement for fish meal for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African sharptooth catfish (Clarius gariepinus), G. J. Were, F. G. Irungu, P. N. Ngoda, H. Affognon, S. Ekesi, D. Nakimbugwe, K. K.M. Fiaboe, and C. M. Mutungi

Nutritional characteristics, microbial loads and consumer acceptability of cookies enriched with insect (Ruspolia differens) meal, Brian O. Ochieng, Joseph O. Anyango, Fathiya M. Khamis, Sunday Ekesi, James Peter Egonyu, Sevgan Subramanian, John M. Nduko, Dorothy Nakimbugwe, Xavier Cheseto, and Chrysantus M. Tanga

Nutritional Characteristics of Selected Insects in Uganda for Use as Alternative Protein Sources in Food and Feed, Tom Bbosa, Catherine Tamale Ndagire, Ivan Muzira Mukisa, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, and Dorothy Nakimbugwe

Nutritional composition of black soldier fly larvae feeding on agro-industrial by-products, Shaphan Y. Chia, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Isaac M. Osuga, Xavier Cheseto, Sunday Ekesi, Marcel Dicke, and Joop J.A. van Loon

Nutritional composition of edible wood borer beetle larvae in Kenya, Shadrack Kibet, Cynthia M. Mudalungu, Brian O. Ochieng, Hosea O. Mokaya, Njogu M. Kimani, and Chrysantus M. Tanga

Nutritional profile of a novel artificial diet and the effect of photoperiod on the fitness parameters of reared Ruspolia differens, F. Fombong, C. Tanga, J. Ng'Ang'A, J. Kinyuru, and J. Vanden Broeck

Nutritional profiles of edible African palm weevil larvae (Rhynchophorus phoenicis) harvested from two palm species in Uganda, James Peter Egonyu, Francis Sengendo, Chrysantus Mbi Tanga, Xavier Cheseto, and Sevgan Subramanian

Nutritional Quality of Four Novel Porridge Products Blended with Edible Cricket (Scapsipedus icipe) Meal for Food, Nelly C. Maiyo, Fathiya M. Khamis, Michael W. Okoth, George O. Abong, Sevgan Subramanian, James P. Egonyu, Cheseto Xavier, Sunday Ekesi, Evanson R. Omuse, Dorothy Nakimbugwe, Geoffrey Ssepuuya, Changeh J. Ghemoh, and Chrysantus M. Tanga

Nutritional quality of meat from hen fed diet with full-fat black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal as a substitute to fish meal, Marcasy P. Makokha, Patrick S. Muliro, Peninah N. Ngoda, Changeh J. Ghemoh, Cheseto Xavier, and Chrysantus M. Tanga

Observations of Portia Africana, an araneophagic jumping spider, living together and sharing prey, Robert R. Jackson, Simon D. Pollard, and Kathryn Salm

Observations on age-grouping the tsetse fly, Glossina pallidipes, by wing-fray and ovarian dissection, on the south Kenya coast, W. F. Snow and S. A. Tarimo

Observations on egg‐laying behaviour of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar), A. M. Koppenhöfer

Observations on Longevity and Fecundity of the Sorghum Shoot Fly, Atherigona Soccata (Diptera; Anthomyiidae), KENUEL OGWARO

Observations on the ant carebara vidua F. Smith preying on termites in kenya, M. G. Lepage and J. P.E.C. Darlington

Observing the distribution of mosquito bites on humans to inform personal protection measures against malaria and dengue vectors, Winifrida P. Mponzi, Johnson K. Swai, Emmanuel W. Kaindoa, Khamis Kifungo, Alvaro E. Eiras, Elis P.A. Batista, Nancy S. Matowo, Peter O. Sangoro, Marceline F. Finda, Arnold S. Mmbando, Tegemeo Gavana, Halfan S. Ngowo, and Fredros O. Okumu

Observing vegetation dynamics at medium spatial scale: Lessons from Africa and Asia, Olena Dubovyk, Tobias Landmann, Barend Erasmus, Frank Thonfeld, Jurgen Schellberg, and Gunter Menz

Occurrence and Damage Levels of Thaumatotibia leucotreta on Capsicum in Selected Counties in Lower Eastern Kenya, Judith Nabwire Oundo, Shepard Ndlela, Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag, Dora Kilalo, Florence Olubayo, and Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed

Occurrence and density of the stink bug Antestiopsis thunbergii Gmelin 1790 (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and related egg-parasitoids in Burundi coffee agroecosystems, Jean Mugishawimana, Lucy Kananu Murungi, Soter Ndihokubwayo, Anaclet Nibasumba, Julien Haran, and Guillaume David

Occurrence and Distribution of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) Larval Habitats on Land Cover Change Sites in Urban Kisumu and Urban Malindi, Kenya, Benjamin G. Jacob, James L. Regens, Charles M. Mbogo, Andrew K. Githeko, Joseph Keating, Christopher M. Swalm, James T. Gunter, John I. Githure, and John C. Beier

Occurrence and distribution of Nosema ceranae in honey bee colonies in the Comoros Islands, Amos Kipkoech, Louis Allan Okwaro, Elliud Muli, and H. Michael G. Lattorff

Occurrence and management of two emerging soil-dwelling pests ravaging cabbage and onions in Kenya, Lawrence O. Ouma, James W. Muthomi, John W. Kimenju, Dennis Beesigamukama, Sevgan Subramanian, Fathiya M. Khamis, and Chrysantus M. Tanga

Occurrence and risk assessment of organic micropollutants in freshwater systems within the Lake Victoria South Basin, Kenya, Faith Jebiwot Kandie, Martin Krauss, Liza Marie Beckers, Riccardo Massei, Ulrike Fillinger, Jeremias Becker, Matthias Liess, Baldwyn Torto, and Werner Brack

Occurrence, biology, natural enemies and management of Tuta absoluta in Africa, Ramzi Mansour, Thierry Brévault, Anaïs Chailleux, Asma Cherif, Kaouthar Grissa-Lebdi, Khalid Haddi, Samira A. Mohamed, Robert S. Nofemela, Abiola Oke, Serigne Sylla, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Lucia Zappalà, Marc Kenis, Nicolas Desneux, and Antonio Biondi

Occurrence, diversity and distribution of Trypanosoma infections in cattle around the Akagera National Park, Rwanda, S. Richard Gashururu, Ndichu Maingi, Samuel M. Githigia, Methode N. Gasana, Peter O. Odhiambo, Dennis O. Getange, Richard Habimana, Giuliano Cecchi, Weining Zhao, James Gashumba, Joel L. Bargul, and Daniel K. Masiga

Occurrence, diversity and pattern of damage of Oplostomus species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), honey bee pests in Kenya, Ayuka T. Fombong, Fiona N. Mumoki, Elliud Muli, Daniel K. Masiga, Richard T. Arbogast, Peter E.A. Teal, and Baldwyn Torto

Occurrence Of Aflatoxin Contamination On Maize In The Lower Eastern Kenya And Evaluation Of Superabsorbent Polymers In Its Management, Livine O. Nyakundi

Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fusarium in tc banana rhizosphere inoculated with microbiological products in different soils in kenya, R. W. Mukhongo, M. A. Kavoo-Mwangi, M. E. Kahangi, E. M. Ateka, A. B. Were, J. R. Okalebo, M. E. Mutegi, K. E. Mwangi, T. T. Tepeni, K. S. Njuguini, J. M. Onguso, S. A. Okoth, and J. M. Jefwa

Occurrence of plant-parasitic nematodes on enset (Ensete ventricosum) in Ethiopia with focus on Pratylenchus goodeyi as a key species of the crop, Selamawit A. Kidane, Beira H. Meressa, Solveig Haukeland, Trine Hvoslef-Eide, Christer Magnusson, Marjolein Couvreur, Wim Bert, and Danny L. Coyne

Occurrence of plant-parasitic nematodes on rice (Oryza sativa) in Kenya with a focus on Hirschmanniella oryzae, Kiama J. Ndirangu, Njira N. Pili, John Chelal, John Biwot, Faith Kandie, Yazdani Razieh, Marisol Quintanilla, Rimnoma S. Ouedraogo, David Hughes, Mihail Kantor, Danny Coyne, Solveig Haukeland, Marjolein Couvreur, Wim Bert, and Misghina G. Teklu

Occurrence of Rift Valley Fever and Associated Risk Factors in Cattle in Ijara District, Kenya, Nelson O. Owange

Occurrence of rift valley fever in cattle in Ijara district, Kenya, Nelson O. Owange, William O. Ogara, Hippolyte Affognon, Gathura B. Peter, Jacqueline Kasiiti, Sam Okuthe, W. Onyango-Ouma, Tobias Landmann, Rosemary Sang, and Murithi Mbabu

Odorant and Gustatory Receptors in the Tsetse Fly Glossina morsitans morsitans, George F.O. Obiero, Paul O. Mireji, Steven R.G. Nyanjom, Alan Christoffels, Hugh M. Robertson, and Daniel K. Masiga

Odorant receptor 75 is essential for attractive response to plant volatile p-anisaldehyde in Western flower thrips, Xuan Pu Luan, Xiao Tong Zhang, Zhi Qiang Wei, Jin Meng Guo, George F.O. Obiero, Merid N. Getahun, Qi Yan, Jin Zhang, and Shuang Lin Dong

Odorants that induce hygienic behavior in honeybees: Identification of volatile compounds in chalkbrood-infected honeybee larvae, Jodi A.I. Swanson, Baldwyn Torto, Stephen A. Kells, Karen A. Mesce, James H. Tumlinson, and Marla Spivak

Odor composition of field versus laboratory desert locust populations, Baldwyn Torto, Hillary Kirwa, Ruth Kihika, and Saliou Niassy

Odor composition of preferred (buffalo and ox) and nonpreferred (waterbuck) hosts of some savanna tsetse flies, Nicholas K. Gikonyo, Ahmed Hassanali, Peter G.N. Njagi, Peter M. Gitu, and Jacob O. Midiwo

Odor-mediated behavior of Afrotropical malaria mosquitoes, Willem Takken and Bart G.J. Knols

Odor-Mediated Group Organization and Coordination in the Termite-Raiding Ant Megaponera analis (Mayr), Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Erik T. Frank, Ayuka T. Fombong, Christian W.W. Pirk, Robin M. Crewe, Thomas Schmitt, Martin Strube-Bloss, Ian Gordon, and Baldwyn Torto

Odour and feeding preference of noctuid moth larvae conditioned to vanillin diet and non-vanillin diet, Christophe Petit, Peter Ahuya, Bruno Le Ru, Laure Kaiser-Arnauld, Myriam Harry, and Paul André Calatayud

Odour-mediated response to plants by evarcha culicivora, a blood-feeding jumping spider from east Africa, Fiona R. Cross and Robert R. Jackson

Odour priming of a mosquito-specialist predator's vision-based detouring decisions, Fiona R. Cross and Robert R. Jackson

Off-season survival and seasonal carry-over of the sorghum shootfly, Atherigona soccata Rondani (Diptera: Muscidae) in Kenya, G. C. Unnithan, A. G.L. Delobel, and A. K. Raina

Old and new association of Cotesia icipe (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with alien invasive and native Spodoptera species and key stemborer species: implication for their management, Francis Obala, Samira A. Mohamed, Titus Obidi Magomere, and Sevgan Subramanian

Old and new host-parasitoid associations: Parasitism of the invasive fruit fly Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) and five African fruit fly species by Fopius arisanus, an Asian opiine parasitoid, Samira A. Mohamed, Sunday Ekesi, and Rachid Hanna

Olfaction-based anthropophily in a mosquito-specialist predator, Fiona R. Cross and Robert R. Jackson

Olfaction-based mate-odor identification by jumping spiders from the genus Portia, Robert R. Jackson and Fiona R. Cross

Olfactory associative learning in two African stingless bee species (Meliponula ferruginea and M. bocandei, Meliponini), J. Henske, K. Krausa, F. A. Hager, K. Nkoba, and W. H. Kirchner

Olfactory attraction of egg parasitoids to virgin females of noctuid stemborers, Anani Yaovi Bruce, Fritz Schulthess, Jones Mueke, and Paul André Calatayud

Olfactory detection of prey by the termite-raiding ant pachycondyla analis, Abdullahi Ahmed Yusuf, Robin M. Crewe, and Christian W.W. Pirk

Olfactory responses of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to target and non-target Lepidoptera and their host plants, Bekele Jembere, Adele J. Ngi-Song, and W. Overholt

Olfactory Responses of Female Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Dual-Choice Olfactometer, L. E.G. Mboera, B. G.J. Knols, W. Takken, and P. W.T. Huisman

Olfactory responses of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) to the monitor lizard Varanus niloticus niloticus, M. M. Mohamed-Ahmed

Olfactory search-image use by a mosquito-eating predator, Fiona R. Cross and Robert R. Jackson

Olfactory search-image use by a mosquito-eating predator, F. Masaninga and S. Mihok

Olfactory sensitivity of two sympatric species of rice leaf folders (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to plant volatiles, R. Ramachandran, Z. R. Khan, P. Caballero, and B. O. Juliano

Olinioside, 5-(4′-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-caffeoyloxy-5,6- dihydro-4-methyl-(2H)-pyran-2-one from Olinia usambarensis, Edward Nyandat, Emil Rwekika, Corrado Galeffi, Giovanna Palazzino, and Marcello Nicoletti

One Health interventions and challenges under rural African smallholder farmer settings: A scoping review, Evanson R. Omuse, Honest Machekano, Bonoukpoè M. Sokame, Daniel M. Mutyambai, Thomas Dubois, Sevgan Subramanian, and Frank Chidawanyika

One size does not fit all: Heterogeneous economic impact of integrated pest management practices for mango fruit flies in Kenya—a machine learning approach, Kelvin Mulungu, Zewdu Ayalew Abro, Wambui Beatrice Muriithi, Menale Kassie, Miachael Kidoido, Subramanian Sevgan, Samira Mohamed, Chrysantus Tanga, and Fathiya Khamis

One stone for two birds: Endophytic fungi promote maize seedlings growth and negatively impact the life history parameters of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, Sharon W. Kinyungu, Ayaovi Agbessenou, Sevgan Subramanian, Fathiya M. Khamis, and Komivi S. Akutse

On-farm assessment of cassava root yield response to tillage, plant density, weed control and fertilizer application in southwestern Nigeria, Olabisi Omolara Onasanya, Stefan Hauser, Magdalena Necpalova, Felix Kolawole Salako, Christine Kreye, Meklit Tariku, Johan Six, and Pieter Pypers

On-farm evaluation of the 'push-pull' technology for the control of stemborers and striga weed on maize in western Kenya, Zeyaur R. Khan, Charles A.O. Midega, David M. Amudavi, Ahmed Hassanali, and John A. Pickett

On-farm maize storage systems and rodent postharvest losses in six maize growing agro-ecological zones of Kenya, Kukom Edoh Ognakossan, Hippolyte D. Affognon, Christopher M. Mutungi, Daniel N. Sila, Soul Kifouly G. Midingoyi, and Willis O. Owino

Ongoing ecological speciation in Cotesia sesamiae, a biological control agent of cereal stem borers, Laure Kaiser, Bruno Pierre Le Ru, Ferial Kaoula, Corentin Paillusson, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Julius Ochieng Obonyo, Elisabeth A. Herniou, Severine Jancek, Antoine Branca, Paul André Calatayud, Jean François Silvain, and Stephane Dupas

On the impact of winter conditions on the dynamics of an isolated population, Lev V. Nedorezov, E. V. Volkova, and Alexandr M. Sadykov

On the impact of winter conditions on the dynamics of a population with non-overlapping generations: A model approach, L. V. Nedorezov and E. V. Volkova

Ontogenetic responses of physiological fitness in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in response to repeated cold exposure, Abongile Mbande, Reyard Mutamiswa, and Frank Chidawanyika

Ontogenetic shift in plant-related cognitive specialization by a mosquito-eating predator, Georgina E. Carvell, Robert R. Jackson, and Fiona R. Cross

Open Science in Kenya: Where Are We?, Kennedy W. Mwangi, Nyabuti Mainye, Daniel O. Ouso, Kevin Esoh, Angela W. Muraya, Charles K. Mwangi, Careen Naitore, Pauline Karega, Gilbert Kibet-Rono, Sebastian Musundi, Jennifer Mutisya, Elizabeth Mwangi, Cavin Mgawe, Silviane Miruka, and Caleb K. Kibet

Opportunities and pitfalls for researchers to contribute to the design of evidence-based agricultural policies: lessons from Uganda, P. N. Pali, M. Schut, P. Kibwika, L. Wairegi, M. Yami, P. J.A. van Asten, and V. M. Manyong

Opportunities in Africa for training in genome science, Daniel K. Masiga and Raphael D. Isokpehi

Opposing roles of foliar and glandular trichome volatile components in cultivated nightshade interaction with a specialist herbivore, Lucy Kananu Murungi, Hillary Kirwa, Daisy Salifu, and Baldwyn Torto

Opposite macroevolutionary responses to environmental changes in grasses and insects during the Neogene grassland expansion, Gael J. Kergoat, Fabien L. Condamine, Emmanuel F.A. Toussaint, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Anne Laure Clamens, Jérôme Barbut, Paul Z. Goldstein, and Bruno Le Ru

Optical and pheromonal orientation and memory for homing distance in the harvester termite Hodotermes mossambicus (Hagen), R. H. Leuthold, O. Bruinsma, and A. van Huis

Optimising a Resting box to enhance Adult Gravid Female Mosquitoe Auto-disseminate Larvicide in a Semi field, Michael Boge Ogallo

Optimization of extruder cooking conditions for the manufacture of fish feeds using response surface methodology, Francis Gichuho Irungu, Christopher Mutungi, Abdul Faraj, Hippolyte Affognon, Sunday Ekesi, Dorothy Nakimbugwe, and Komi K.M. Fiaboe

Optimization of growth conditions of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from various sources in Kenya and toxicity assays of their delta-endotoxin against Chilo partellus, Daniel Anyika Kwalimwa

Optimization of the in vitro feeding of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus nymphae for the transmission of Theileria parva, S. M. Waladde, S. N. Mwaura, G. N. Njihia, and F. N. Mwakima

Optimizing interaction between crop residues and inorganic N under zero tillage systems in sub-humid region of Kenya, Kinyua Michael, Mucheru Muna Monicah, Bolo Peter, and Kihara Job

Optimizing microbe-infected mosquito release: a stochastic model for malaria prevention, Steeven Belvinos Affognon, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Philip Ngare, Benard Kipchumba Kiplangat, Shirley Abelman, and Jeremy K. Herren

Optimizing modes of inoculation of Rhipicephalus ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) with a mitosporic entomopathogenic fungus in the laboratory, Felix Nchu, Nguya Kalemba Maniania, Ahmed Hassanali, and Kobus N. Eloff

Optimizing spatial positioning of traps in the context of integrated pest management, Ritter A. Guimapi, Samira A. Mohamed, Sunday Ekesi, Lisa Biber-Freudenberger, Christian Borgemeister, and Henri E.Z. Tonnang

Optimizing western flower thrips management on French beans by combined use of beneficials and imidacloprid, Johnson O. Nyasani, Sevgan Subramanian, Hans Michael Poehling, Nguya K. Maniania, Sunday Ekesi, and Rainer Meyhöfer

Oral acute, sub-acute toxicity and phytochemical profile of Brassica carinata A. Braun microgreens ethanolic extract in Wistar rats, Lilian Nakakaawa, Ifeoluwa D. Gbala, Xavier Cheseto, Joel L. Bargul, and John M. Wesonga

Organic and conventional farming systems shape soil bacterial community composition in tropical arable farming, Hans Martin Krause, Joe G. Ono-Raphel, Edward Karanja, Felix Matheri, Martina Lori, Yina Cifuentes, Stefanie P. Glaeser, Andreas Gattinger, Amritbir Riar, Noah Adamtey, and Paul Mäder

Organic farming practices increase weed density and diversity over conventional practices: A meta-analysis, Obadiah Mwangi, Monicah Mucheru-Muna, Michael Kinyua, Peter Bolo, and Job Kihara

Organic farming provides improved management of plant parasitic nematodes in maize and bean cropping systems, Janet G. Atandi, Solveig Haukeland, George M. Kariuki, Danny L. Coyne, Edward N. Karanja, Martha W. Musyoka, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, David Bautze, and Noah Adamtey

Organic maize and bean farming enhances free-living nematode dynamics in sub-Saharan Africa, Janet G. Atandi, Noah Adamtey, Agnes W. Kiriga, Edward N. Karanja, Martha W. Musyoka, Felix M. Matheri, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Danny L. Coyne, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, David Bautze, and Solveig Haukeland

Organic Waste Substrates Induce Important Shifts in Gut Microbiota of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.): Coexistence of Conserved, Variable, and Potential Pathogenic Microbes, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Jacqueline Wahura Waweru, Yosef Hamba Tola, Abel Anyega Onyoni, Fathiya M. Khamis, Sunday Ekesi, and Juan C. Paredes

Organization of the genic pool of vigna unguiculata (l.) walp.: Crosses between the wild and cultivated forms of cowpea, Daouda Kouadio, Nadejda Echikh, André Toussaint, Rémy S. Pasquet, and Jean Pierre Baudoin

Orientation of the termitaria of two species of amitermes (isoptera: Termitinae) from Northern Queensland, A. V. Spain, T. Okello-Oloya, and R. D. John

Origin and taxonomic status of the Palearctic population of the stem borer Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefèbvre) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Pascal Moyal, Patrice Tokro, Ahmet Bayram, Matilda Savopoulou-Soultani, Eric Conti, Matilde Eizaguirre, Bruno Le Rü, Arman Avand-Faghih, Brigitte Frérot, and Stefanos Andreadis

Ornithodoros moubata: Breeding in vitro, Christrine K.A. Mango and Rachel Galun

Orthobunyavirus Antibodies among Humans in Selected Parts of the Rift Valley and Northeastern Kenya, Collins Odhiambo, Marietjie Venter, Robert Swanepoel, and Rosemary Sang

Outdoor malaria vector species profile in dryland ecosystems of Kenya, Fiona Kinya, Clifford M. Mutero, Rosemary Sang, Eunice A. Owino, Gilbert Rotich, Edwin O. Ogola, Charles S. Wondji, Baldwyn Torto, and David P. Tchouassi

Outlook for ecostacking, Ingeborg Menzler-Hokkanen, Heikki M.T. Hokkanen, Jinjun Wang, Huai Liu, Hongbo Jiang, Fanny Boeraeve, Daniel Carrillo, Xiaoyulong Chen, Séverin Hatt, Jarmo K. Holopainen, Pål Kvello, Guang Yun Li, Yaying Li, Beatrice Murithi, Jinzhi Niu, Ziying Wang, and Kaijun Zhang

Ovaries and germline cysts and their evolution in Dermaptera (Insecta), Wacław Tworzydło, Szczepan M. Biliński, Petr Kočárek, and Fabian Haas

Ovicidal activity of entomopathogenic hyphomycetes to the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata and the pod sucking bug, Clavigralla tomentosicollis, S. Ekesi, R. S. Adamu, and N. K. Maniania

Ovicidal effects of entomopathogenic fungal isolates on the invasive Fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Komivi Senyo Akutse, Jane Wanjiru Kimemia, Sunday Ekesi, Fathiya Mbarak Khamis, Odhiambo Levi Ombura, and Sevgan Subramanian

Oviposition acceptance and larval development of Chilo partellus stemborers in drought-stressed wild and cultivated grasses of East Africa, Frank Chidawanyika, Charles A.O. Midega, Toby J.A. Bruce, Frances Duncan, John A. Pickett, and Zeyaur R. Khan

Ovipositional Behaviour and Host‐Plant Preference of The Sorghum Shoot Fly, Atherigona Soccata (Diptera; Anthomyiidae), KENUEL OGWARO

Oviposition and Feeding Allelochemicals for Chilo Partellus from Sorghum and Maize Cultivars; Bioassay, Isolation and Characterization, Richard Kibwage Bogita

OVIPOSITION AND SURVIVAL OF THE SORGHUM SHOOTFLY ON INTERCROPPED MAIZE AND SORGHUM, A. K. RAINA and J. G. KIBUKA

Oviposition behavior of Cotesia flavipes and Goniozus indicus, larval parasitoids of the lepidopteran stemborer Chilo partellus, Keiji Takasu and William A. Overholt

Oviposition behavior of female Anopheles gambiae in eestern Kenya inferred from microsatellite markers, Hong Chen, Ulrike Fillinger, and Guiyun Yan

Oviposition behavior of Telenomus busseolae, Telenomus isis and Trichogramma bournieri on eggs of east African cereal stemborers, Anani Y. Bruce, Fritz Schulthess, Jacqueline K. Makatiani, and Henri E.Z. Tonnang

Oviposition by African malaria vector mosquitoes. II. Effects of site tone, water type and conspecific immatures on target selection by freshwater Anopheles gambiae Giles, sensu lato, A. W.R. McCrae

Oviposition by African malaria vector mosquitoes. I. Temporal activity patterns of caged, wild-caught, freshwater Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu lato, A. W.R. McCrae

Oviposition by Chilo partellus (SWINHOE) in Relation to Its Mating, Diurnal Cycle and Certain Non-Plant Surfaces, Harish Kumar and K. N. Saxena

Oviposition, development and searching behaviour of Cotesia flavipes Cameron and Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in relation to aestivating and non-aestivating Chilo spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae in maize, J. C. Mbapila and W. A. Overholt

Oviposition Induced Volatile Emissions from African Smallholder Farmers' Maize Varieties, Amanuel Tamiru, Toby J.A. Bruce, Charles A.O. Midega, Christine M. Woodcock, Michael A. Birkett, John A. Pickett, and Zeyaur R. Khan

Oviposition, larval arrest and establishment of Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on maize genotypes during anthesis, Harish Kumar

Oviposition Preferences of the African Wild Silkmoth, Gonometa postica Walker (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) on Different Substrates, Ken O. Fening, Esther N. Kioko, Jones M. Mueke, and Suresh K. Raina

Oviposition responses of Bactrocera dorsalis and Ceratitis cosyra to Dufour’s and poison gland extracts of Oecophylla longinoda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Bethelihem Mekonnen, Abdullahi Yusuf, Christian Pirk, Sunday Ekesi, and Emilie Deletre

Paenibacillus polymyxa causes yellow withered spot disease in Dracaena trifasciata in the South of China, Baochun Lai, Yongwen Lin, Komivi Senyo Akutse, and Ruiqing Dai

Palaeoenvironmental shifts drove the adaptive radiation of a noctuid stemborer tribe (lepidoptera, noctuidae, apameini) in the Miocene, Emmanuel F.A. Toussaint, Fabien L. Condamine, Gael J. Kergoat, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Jérôme Barbut, Jean François Silvain, and Bruno P. Le Ru

Parallel construction of Random Forest on GPU, Kennedy Senagi and Nicolas Jouandeau

Parameter estimation for distributed delay based population models from laboratory data: Egg hatching of Oulema duftschmidi Redthenbacher (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) as an example, Maurizio Severini, Johann Baumgärtner, and Lidia Limonta

Parasites and vectors of malaria on Rusinga Island, Western Kenya, Evelyn A. Olanga, Lawrence Okombo, Lucy W. Irungu, and Wolfgang R. Mukabana

Parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita interactions with different Capsicum annum cultivars reveal the chemical constituents modulating root herbivory, Ruth Kihika, Lucy K. Murungi, Danny Coyne, Margaret Ng'ang'a, Ahmed Hassanali, Peter E.A. Teal, and Baldwyn Torto

Parasitisation of Weaver Ants by a Species of Smicromorpha Girault (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae: Smicromorphinae) and Unequivocal Evidence of Its Presence in the Afrotropical Region, Robert S. Copeland, Bethelihem Mekonnen, and Gerard Delvare

Parasitism, longevity and progeny production of six indigenous Kenyan trichogrammatid egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) at different temperature and relative humidity regimes, A. Kalyebi, S. Sithanantham, W. A. Overholt, S. A. Hassan, and J. M. Mueke

Parasitism of Amblyomma variegatum by a hymenopteran parasitoid in the laboratory, and some aspects of its basic biology, Esther N. Mwangi, Godwin P. Kaaya, Suliman Essuman, and Mark G. Kimondo

Parasitism of helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Tanzania: Analysis of parasitoid-crop associations, H. Van Den Berg, B. T. Nyambo, and J. K. Waage

Parasitism of Plutella xylostella L. feeding on a new host plant, A. Rossbach, B. Löhr, and S. Vidal

Parasitoids associated with Mussidia spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Kenya, Benjamin Kimwele Muli, Fritz Schulthess, and Johnnie Van Den Berg

Parasitoids of medfly, Ceratitis capitata, and related tephritids in Kenyan coffee: A predominantly koinobiont assemblage, R. A. Wharton, M. K. Trostle, R. H. Messing, R. S. Copeland, S. W. Kimani-Njogu, S. Lux, W. A. Overholt, S. Mohamed, and J. Sivinski

Parasitoids of the African wild silkmoth, Gonometa postica (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) in the Mwingi forests, Kenya, K. O. Fening, E. N. Kioko, S. K. Raina, and J. M. Mueke

Parasitological prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in Kubo division of Kwale County of coastal: Baseline survey, N. Mbahin, H. Affognon, J. Andoke, M. Tiberius, D. Mbuvi, J. Otieno, P. Muasa, and R. K. Saini

Partial Replacement of Fishmeal with Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal in Nile Tilapia Diets Improves Performance and Profitability in Earthen Pond, Mercy W. Kariuki, Didier K. Barwani, Vincent Mwashi, Jim K. Kioko, Jonathan M. Munguti, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Peter Kiiru, Mathew G. Gicheha, and Isaac M. Osuga

Participatory evaluation of integrated pest and soil fertility management options using ordered categorical data analysis, Hugo De Groote, Esther Rutto, George Odhiambo, Fred Kanampiu, Zeyaur Khan, Richard Coe, and Bernard Vanlauwe

Parturition hormone in the tsetse Glossina morsitans: Activity in reproductive tissues from other species and response of tsetse to identified neuropeptides and other neuroactive compounds, Jan Žďárek, Ronald J. Nachman, and David L. Denlinger

Parturition in the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans: Pattern of activity, sound production and evidence for control by the mother's brain, D. L. Denlinger, R. K. Saini, and M. F.B. Chaudhury

Pathogenicity and antifeedant activity of entomopathogenic hyphomycetes to the cowpea leaf beetle, ootheca mutabilis shalberg, S. Ekesi

Pathogenicity and performance of two candidate isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) in four liquid culture media for the management of the legume pod borer Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), V. Tumuhaise, S. Ekesi, S. A. Mohamed, P. N. Ndegwa, L. W. Irungu, R. Srinivasan, and N. K. Maniania

Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae to the tobacco spider mite Tetranychus evansi, Vitalis W. Wekesa, Nguya K. Maniania, Markus Knapp, and Hamadi I. Boga

Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Serratia marcescens to the Banana Weevil Cosmopolites sordidus, G. P. Kaaya, K. V. Seshu-Reddy, E. D. Kokwaro, and D. M. Munyinyi

Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi (Hyphomycetes) to the legume flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom)(Thysan., Thripidae), S. Ekesi, N. K. Maniania, I. Onu, and B. Löhr

Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) isolates to the adult pea leafminer (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and prospects of an autoinoculation device for infection in the field, L. N. Migiro, N. K. Maniania, A. Chabi-Olaye, and J. Vandenberg

Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch) sorok and Beauveria bassiana (Bals) Vuill to adult Phlebotomus duboscqi (Neveu-Lemaire) in the laboratory, Philip M. Ngumbi, Lucy W. Irungu, Paul N. Ndegwa, and Nguya K. Maniania

Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, to three adult fruit fly species: Ceratitis capitata (Weidemann), C. rosa var. fasciventris Karsch and C. cosyra (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae), Susan Dimbi, Nguya K. Maniania, Slawomir A. Lux, Sunday Ekesi, and Jones K. Mueke

Pathogenicity of tsetse-transmitted Trypanosoma congolense for waterbuck (Kobus defassa) and Boran cattle (Bos indicus), R. O. Olubayo, S. Mihok, D. F. Wesonga, and E. R.M. Mbwabi

Pathogens, endosymbionts, and blood-meal sources of host-seeking ticks in the fast-changing Maasai Mara wildlife ecosystem, Joseph Wang’ang’a Oundo, Jandouwe Villinger, Maamun Jeneby, George Ong’amo, Moses Yongo Otiende, Edward Edmond Makhulu, Ali Abdulahi Musa, Daniel Obado Ouso, and Lillian Wambua

Pattern and rate of within-field dispersal and bionomics of the cowpea aphid, aphis craccivora (aphididae), on selected cowpea cultivars, I. Billy Annan, George A. Schaefers, Ward M. Tingey, and Kailash N. Saxena

Patterns of Aedes aegypti abundance, survival, human-blood feeding and relationship with dengue risk, Kenya, Winnie W. Kamau, Rosemary Sang, Gilbert Rotich, Sheila B. Agha, Nelson Menza, Baldwyn Torto, and David P. Tchouassi

PCR-high Resolution Melting Analysis of the COI, cyt b and 16S rRNA Mini-barcode Genes: A Tool for Species Identification and Discrimination in Illegal Bushmeat Trade, Daniel Obado Sunga Ouso

PCR-high Resolution Melting Analysis of the COI, cyt b and 16S rRNA Mini-barcode Genes: A Tool for Species Identification and Discrimination in Illegal Bushmeat Trade, Daniel Obado Sunga Ouso

Pearl Millet: A Resilient Cereal Crop for Food, Nutrition, and Climate Security, Ramasamy Perumal, P. V.Vara Prasad, C. Tara Satyavathi, Mahalingam Govindaraj, and Abdou Tenkouano

Pedonin, a spiro tetranortriterpenoid insect antifeedant from Harrisonia abyssinica, Ahmed Hassanali, Michael D. Bentley, Alexandra M.Z. Slawin, David J. Williams, Richard N. Shephard, and Andrew W. Chapya

Penetrance interactions of colour pattern loci in the African Monarch and their implications for the evolution of dominance, Richard H. ffrench-Constant, Jonathan Bennie, Ian J. Gordon, Lorna Depew, and David A.S. Smith

Perception and awareness of insects as an alternative protein source among fish farmers and fish feed traders, G. Ssepuuya, C. Sebatta, E. Sikahwa, P. Fuuna, M. Sengendo, J. Mugisha, K. K.M. Fiaboe, and D. Nakimbugwe

Perennial legume intercrops provide multiple belowground ecosystem services in smallholder farming systems, Laurie E. Drinkwater, Charles A.O. Midega, Rachel Awuor, Dickens Nyagol, and Zeyaur R. Khan

Performance and behaviour of the leafhopper (Maiestas banda; Homoptera: Cicadellidae) vector of the Napier Stunt Disease on Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum), Mabel Chigora

Perfomance of Exotic Chicken fed insect-based diets effect on laying Capacity, Egg Characteristics and Economic Returns, Esther Khayanga Sumbule

Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicken Fed Diets Enriched With Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) Larvae Meal, Victor Onsongo Ogeto

Performance of a Metarhizium anisopliae-treated semiochemical-baited trap in reducing Amblyomma variegatum populations in the field, F. Nchu, N. K. Maniania, A. Hassanali, and J. N. Eloff

Performance of Apanteles hemara (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on two Amaranth Leaf-webbers: Spoladea recurvalis and Udea ferrugalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), S. T.O. Othim, K. M. Agbodzavu, R. Kahuthia-Gathu, K. S. Akutse, S. Muchemi, S. Ekesi, and K. K.M. Fiaboe

Performance of a prototype baited-trap in attracting and infecting the tick Amblyomma variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae) in field experiments, R. O. Maranga, A. Hassanali, G. P. Kaaya, and J. M. Mueke

Performance of a semiochemical-baited autoinoculation device treated with Metarhizium anisopliae for control of Frankliniella occidentalis on French bean in field cages, S. Niassy, N. K. Maniania, S. Subramanian, L. M. Gitonga, and S. Ekesi

Performance of black soldier fly frass fertiliser on maize (Zea mays L.) growth, yield, nutritional quality, and economic returns, C. M. Tanga, D. Beesigamukama, M. Kassie, P. J. Egonyu, Changeh J. Ghemoh, Kiatoko Nkoba, S. Subramanian, A. O. Anyega, and S. Ekesi

Performance of cotesia flavipes cameron (hymenoptera: braconidae) on stem borers of cereals and wild crops., Meshack Obonyo

Performance of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in parasitizing Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) as affected by temperature and host stage, Nanqing Jiang, Mamoudou Sétamou, Adèle J. Ngi-Song, and Charles O. Omwega

Performance of elite maize genotypes under selected sustainable intensification options in Kenya, Leonard Rusinamhodzi, Dan Makumbi, James M. Njeru, and Fred Kanampiu

Performance of Metarhizium anisopliae Isolate ICIPE 41 in the Laboratory and Field in Comparison to Another Fungal Biopesticide and a Chemical Product to Sustainably Control the Invasive Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Joseph Munywoki, Leonidah Kerubo Omosa, Sevgan Subramanian, David Kupesa Mfuti, Ezekiel Mugendi Njeru, Vaderament A. Nchiozem-Ngnitedem, and Komivi Senyo Akutse

Performance of Metarhizium anisopliae-treated foam in combination with Phytoseiulus longipes Evans against Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Tetranychidae), Ginette Y. Azandémè Hounmalon, Nguya K. Maniania, Saliou Niassy, Simon Fellous, Serge Kreiter, Emilie Delétré, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, and Thibaud Martin

Performance of Newly Described Native Edible Cricket Scapsipedus icipe (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) on Various Diets of Relevance for Farming, Henlay J.O. Magara, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Monica A. Ayieko, Sylvain Hugel, Samira A. Mohamed, Fathiya M. Khamis, Daisy Salifu, Saliou Niassy, Subramanian Sevgan, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Nanna Roos, and Sunday Ekesi

Performance of Push–Pull Technology in Low-Fertility Soils under Conventional and Conservation Agriculture Farming Systems in Malawi, Saliou Niassy, Mawufe Komi Agbodzavu, Bester Tawona Mudereri, Donwell Kamalongo, Ivy Ligowe, Girma Hailu, Emily Kimathi, Zwide Jere, Nathan Ochatum, Jimmy Pittchar, Menale Kassie, and Zeyaur Khan

Performance of the newly identified endoparasitoid Cotesia icipe Fernandez-Triana & Fiaboe on Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval), M. K. Agbodzavu, Z. O. Lagat, M. Gikungu, I. Rwomushana, S. Ekesi, and K. K.M. Fiaboe

Performance of the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes reared under simple laboratory conditions, R. S. Ochieng, L. H. Otieno, and H. K. Banda

Performance of three isolates of Metarhizium Anisopliae and their virulence against Zeugodacus Cucurbitae under different temperature regimes, with global extrapolation of their efficiency, Susan K. Onsongo, Bernard M. Gichimu, Komivi S. Akutse, Thomas Dubois, and Samira A. Mohamed

Performance of Trichogrammatoidea sp. nr lutea Girault (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) collected from Mussidia spp. in Kenya on eggs of six lepidopteran hosts, B. K. Muli, F. Schulthess, and J. van den Berg

Pesticide contamination and their botanical sources in pollen loads collected by honeybees in Kenya: A spatio-temporal context, Sheila J. Koech, Rebecca H.N. Karanja, Justus K. Kurgat, Hosea O. Mokaya, Thomas Dubois, and H. Michael G. Lattorff

Pesticide pollution in freshwater paves the way for schistosomiasis transmission, Jeremias M. Becker, Akbar A. Ganatra, Faith Kandie, Lina Mühlbauer, Jörg Ahlheim, Werner Brack, Baldwyn Torto, Eric L. Agola, Francis McOdimba, Henner Hollert, Ulrike Fillinger, and Matthias Liess

Pesticide resistance in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) populations from Togo and Benin, L. K. Agboyi, G. K. Ketoh, T. Martin, I. A. Glitho, and M. Tamò

Pesticide risks from fruit and vegetable pest management by small farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. A review, Hubert de Bon, Joël Huat, Laurent Parrot, Antonio Sinzogan, Thibaud Martin, Eric Malézieux, and Jean François Vayssières

Pesticide Utilization, Practices, and Their Effect on Honeybees in North Gonder, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, Zewdie Abay Teshome, Amssalu Bezabeh Argaw, and Walellign Wotro Wanore

Pest interceptions on imported fresh fruits into South Africa, Livhuwani R. Nnzeru, Phumudzo P. Tshikhudo, Bester T. Mudereri, and Moleseng C. Moshobane

Pest Management among Smallholder Cabbage Growers, Eileen Bogweh Nchanji, Lesley Hope, Yvonne K. Nchanji, Wilfred A. Abia, Samuel A. Donkoh, and Nikolaus Schareika

Phagostimulants For Spodoptera Exempta: Identification of Adenosine from Zea Mays, WEI‐CHUN ‐C MA and ISAO KUBO

Phase-independent responses to phase-specific aggregation pheromone in adult desert locusts, Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae), Peter G.N. Njagi, B. Torto, D. Obeng-Ofori, and A. Hassanali

Phenology of short vegetation cycles in a Kenyan rangeland from PlanetScope and Sentinel-2, Yan Cheng, Anton Vrieling, Francesco Fava, Michele Meroni, Michael Marshall, and Stella Gachoki

Phenology of stomoxyinae in a Kenyan forest, Steve Mihok, Opiyo Maramba, Eli Munyoki, and Khalfan Saleh

Phenols as pheromones of ixodid ticks: A general phenomenon?, William F. Wood, Sister Mary G. Leahy, Rachel Galun, Glenn D. Prestwich, Jerrold Meinwald, R. E. Purnell, and R. C. Payne

Pheromonal trapping of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Moths in Relation to Male Population Density and Competition with Females, Gopalan Chandran Unnithan and Kailash Narain Saxena

Pheromonal variation and mating between two mitotypes of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Africa, Birhanu Sisay, Amanuel Tamiru, Sevgan Subramanian, Christopher W. Weldon, Fathiya Khamis, Kristina Karlsson Green, Peter Anderson, and Baldwyn Torto

Pheromone-food-bait trap and acoustic surveys of rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in curacao, K. K.M. Fiaboe, R. W. Mankin, A. L. Roda, M. T.K. Kairo, and C. Johanns

philosophy in the school of pure and applied sciences of kenyatta university A Study on the biology and the impact of natural enemies on the African wild silk moth, Gonometa sp. at Kamaguti, Uasin Gishu District, Kenya, Bonface Ngoka

Pheromone perception in the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans, C. J. den Otter and R. K. Saini

Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) collected in Mukusu, Machakos District, Kenya and their nocturnal flight activity, Eiko Kan, Christopher O. Anjili, Rajindar K. Saini, Toshitaka Hidaka, and John I. Githure

Phlebovirus diversity in ticks from livestock in arid ecologies in Kenya, Edwin O. Ogola, Anne Kopp, Armanda D.S. Bastos, Inga Slothouwer, Dorcus C.A. Omoga, Josephine Osalla, Rosemary Sang, Baldwyn Torto, Sandra Junglen, and David P. Tchouassi

Phosphorus agronomic efficiency in maize-based cropping systems: A focus on western Kenya, J. Kihara and S. Njoroge

Phosphorus availability and carrot growth as influenced by phosphate rock management under acid soils in Murang'a and Tharaka Nithi Counties, Edwin Nderitu Mwangi

Photosynthetic Response of Common Bean and Tepary Bean Genotypes Grown under the Combined Stress Conditions of Acid Soil and High Temperature, Juan Carlos Suárez and Idupulapati Madhusudana Rao

Phylogenetic analysis and systematics of the Acrapex unicolora Hampson species complex (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Apameini), with the description of five new species from the Afrotropics, Bruno Le Ru, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Boaz K. Musyoka, Beatrice Pallangyo, Mohamedi Njaku, Onésime Mubenga, Gilson Chipabika, Rose Ndemah, Grégoire Bani, Richard Molo, George Ong’Amo, and Gael J. Kergoat

Phylogenetic analysis of Bunyamwera and Ngari viruses (family Bunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus) isolated in Kenya, C. Odhiambo, M. Venter, O. Lwande, R. Swanepoel, and R. Sang

Phylogenetic molecular species delimitations unravel potential new species in the pest genus spodoptera guenée, 1852 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), Pascaline Dumas, Jérôme Barbut, Bruno Le Ru, Jean François Silvain, Anne Laure Clamens, Emmanuelle D'Alençon, and Gael J. Kergoat

Phylogenetic resolution of the fly superfamily Ephydroidea–Molecular systematics of the enigmatic and diverse relatives of Drosophilidae, Isaac S. Winkler, Ashley H. Kirk-Spriggs, Keith M. Bayless, John Soghigian, Rudolf Meier, Thomas Pape, David K. Yeates, A. Bernardo Carvalho, Robert S. Copeland, and Brian M. Wiegmann

Phylogenetics, integrative taxonomy and systematics of the Sesamia cretica species group (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Apameini: Sesamiina), with the description of 21 new species from the Afrotropical region, Bruno Le Ru, Noémie M.C. Hévin, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Boaz K. Musyoka, Michel Sezonlin, Desmond Conlong, Johnnie Van Den Berg, Rose Ndemah, Philippe Le Gall, Domingos Cugala, Casper Nyamukondiwa, Beatrice Pallangyo, Mohamedi Njaku, Muluken Goftishu, Yoseph Assefa, Grégoire Bani, Richard Molo, Gilson Chipapika, George Ong’amo, Anne Laure Clamens, Jérôme Barbut, and Gaël J. Kergoat

Phylogenetics, species boundaries and timing of resource tracking in a highly specialized group of seed beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), Gael J. Kergoat, Bruno P. Le Ru, Gwenaelle Genson, Corinne Cruaud, Arnaud Couloux, and Alex Delobel

Phylogenetic study of Diadegma species (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) inferred from analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences, Barbara Wagener, Annette Reineke, Bernhard Löhr, and Claus P.W. Zebitz

Phylogenomic and Morphological Reevaluation of the Bee Tribes Biastini, Neolarrini, and Townsendiellini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) with Description of Three New Species of Schwarzia, Silas Bossert, Robert S. Copeland, Trevor J.L. Sless, Michael G. Branstetter, Jessica P. Gillung, Seán G. Brady, Bryan N. Danforth, Jana Policarová, and Jakub Straka

Phylogeny And Antibiotic Activity Of Xenorhabdus Spp. Isolated From Nematode Symbionts In Kenya, Ryan M. Awori

Phylogeny and biogeography of Wajira (Leguminosae): A monophyletic segregate of Vigna centered in the Horn of Africa Region, Mats Thulin, Matt Lavin, Remy Pasquet, and Alfonso Delgado-Salinas

Phylogeny and systematics of the Acrapex apicestriata (Bethune-Baker, 1911) species complex (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Apameini, Sesamiina) with the description of eight new species from the Afrotropics, Bruno Le Ru, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Boaz K. Musyoka, Beatrice Pallangyo, Mohamedi Njaku, Muluken Goftishu, Yoseph Assefa, Michel Sezonlin, George Ong’amo, and Gaël J. Kergoat

Phylogeny and systematics of the Sesamia coniota Hampson species group (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Noctuinae: Apameini: Sesamiina), with the description of three new species from the Afrotropical region, Bruno Le Ru, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Boaz K. Musyoka, Michel Sezonlin, Desmond Conlong, Johnnie Van Den Berg, Anne Laure Clamens, Domingos Cugala, Casper Nyamukondiwa, George Ong’Amo, and Gael J. Kergoat

Phylogeny, biogeography and diversification of the mining bee family Andrenidae, Silas Bossert, Thomas J. Wood, Sébastien Patiny, Denis Michez, Eduardo A.B. Almeida, Robert L. Minckley, Laurence Packer, John L. Neff, Robert S. Copeland, Jakub Straka, Alain Pauly, Terry Griswold, Seán G. Brady, Bryan N. Danforth, and Elizabeth A. Murray

Phylogeographic pattern and regional evolutionary history of the maize stalk borer Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in sub-Saharan Africa, Michel Sezonlin, Stéphane Dupas, Bruno Le Rü, Nathalie Faure, Philippe Le Gall, and Jean François Silvain

Phylogeographic structure of Teretrius nigrescens (Coleoptera: Histeridae) predator of the invasive post harvest pest Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)., B. A. Omondi, J. van den Berg, D. Masiga, and F. Schulthess

Phylogeography and population genetics of the maize stalk borer Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in sub-Saharan Africa, M. Sezonlin, S. Dupas, B. Le Rü, P. Le Gall, P. Moyal, P. A. Calatayud, I. Giffard, N. Faure, and J. F. Silvain

Phylogeography in continuous space: Coupling species distribution models and circuit theory to assess the effect of contiguous migration at different climatic periods on genetic differentiation in Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), S. Dupas, B. Le Ru, A. Branca, N. Faure, G. Gigot, P. Campagne, M. Sezonlin, R. Ndemah, G. Ong'Amo, P. A. Calatayud, and J. F. Silvain

Phylogeography of Sesamia cretica Lederer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Muluken Goftishu, Yoseph Assefa, Chemeda Fininsa, Augustine Niba, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, and Bruno Pierre Le Ru

Physical and chemical properties of termite mounds of two species of macrotermes (Isoptera, termitidae) and the surrounding soils of the semiarid savanna of kenya, M. A. Arshad

Physicochemical properties of edible cricket oils: Implications for use in pharmaceutical and food industries, Dorothy K. Murugu, Arnold N. Onyango, Alex K. Ndiritu, Dorothy N. Nyangena, Isaac M. Osuga, Xavier Cheseto, Sevgan Subramanian, Sunday Ekesi, and Chrysantus M. Tanga

Physico-chemical properties of extruded aquafeed pellets containing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae and adult cricket (Acheta domesticus) meals, F. G. Irungu, C. M. Mutungi, A. K. Faraj, H. Affognon, N. Kibet, C. Tanga, S. Ekesi, D. Nakimbugwe, and K. K.M. Fiaboe

Physiological responses and central nervous projections of antennal olfactory receptor neurons in the adult desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae), B. S. Hansson, S. A. Ochieng, X. Grosmaitre S Anton, and P. G.N. Njagi

Physiology vs. environment: What drives oviposition decisions in mango fruit flies (Bactrocera invadens and Ceratitis cosyra)?, V. Migani, S. Ekesi, and T. S. Hoffmeister

Phytochemical composition and bio-functional properties of Apis mellifera propolis from Kenya, Timothy M. Kegode, Joel L. Bargul, Hosea O. Mokaya, and H. Michael G. Lattorff

Phyto-derivatives: an efficient eco-friendly way to manage Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), Waqar Islam, Ali Noman, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Muhammad Qasim, Habib Ali, Ijaz Haider, Mohamed Hashem, Saad Alamri, Omar Mahmoud al Zoubi, and Khalid Ali Khan

Phytopathogens Increase the Preference of Insect Vectors to Volatiles Emitted by Healthy Host Plants, Yongwen Lin, Jing Huang, Komivi Akutse, and Youming Hou

Phytoremediation of Fluoride Contaminated Water, Godfred Yaw Boanyah and Precious Bondzie-Quaye

Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Argentina, with description of a new species, Alberto Daniel Guanilo, Gilberto José De Moraes, Silvana Toledo, and Markus Knapp

Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) of the subfamilies Phytoseiinae Berlese and Typhlodrominae Wainstein from Peru, with descriptions of two new species, Alberto Daniel Guanilo, Gilberto José De Moraes, and Markus Knapp

Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) of the subfamily Amblyseiinae Muma from Peru, with descriptions of four new species, Alberto Daniel Guanilo, Gilberto José De Moraes, and Markus Knapp

Planning, temporary urbanism and citizen-led alternative-substitute place-making in the Global South, Lauren Andres, Hakeem Bakare, John R. Bryson, Winnie Khaemba, Lorena Melgaço, and George R. Mwaniki

Plant community composition and functional characteristics define invasion and infestation of termites in cocoa agroforestry systems, T. C.L. Djuideu, D. H.B. Bisseleua, S. Kekeunou, M. J. Meupia, F. G. Difouo, and C. F. Ambele

Plant growth and defense traits in Sorghum bicolor’s response to Chilo partellus in the tropics, Adekunle W. Adesanya, Maria Isabel Gomez, Kimberly Morrell, Charles Midega, Zeyaur Khan, André Kessler, and Katja Poveda

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria do not pose any deleterious effect on cowpea and detectable amounts of ethylene are produced, Olubukola O. Babalola, Abiodun I. Sanni, George D. Odhiambo, and Baldwyn Torto

Planting Material of Enset (Ensete ventricosum), a Key Food Security Crop in Southwest Ethiopia, Is a Key Element in the Dissemination of Plant-Parasitic Nematode Infection, Selamawit A. Kidane, Solveig Haukeland, Beira H. Meressa, Anne Kathrine Hvoslef-Eide, and Danny L. Coyne

Plant inhabiting phytoseiid predators of midwestern brazil, with emphasis on those associated with the tomato red spider mite, tetranychus evansi (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae), Imeuda P. Furtado, Gilberto José De Moraes, Serge Kreiter, Carlos H.W. Flechtmann, Marie Stéphanne Tixier, and Markus Knapp

Plant–Insect Interactions in a Changing World, S. Pincebourde, J. van Baaren, S. Rasmann, P. Rasmont, G. Rodet, B. Martinet, and P. A. Calatayud

Plant mites (acari) from northeastern Brazil, with descriptions of two new species of the family Phytoseiidae (Mesostigmata), I. P. Furtado, S. Kreiter, G. J. De Moraes, M. S. Tixier, C. H.W. Flechtmann, and M. Knapp

Plant nutrient quality impacts survival and reproductive fitness of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti, Vincent Odhiambo Nyasembe, David Poumo Tchouassi, Martha Njeri Muturi, Christian W.W. Pirk, Catherine L. Sole, and Baldwyn Torto

Plant oils as grain protectants against infestations of Cryptolestes pusillus and Rhyzopertha dominica in stored grain, D. Obeng‐Ofori

Plant-parasitic nematodes and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa, Danny L. Coyne, Laura Cortada, Johnathan J. Dalzell, Abiodun O. Claudius-Cole, Solveig Haukeland, Nessie Luambano, and Herbert Talwana

Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with maize, and their relationship with soil properties in southern and southwestern Ethiopia, Abebe W. Aseffa, Beira H. Meressa, Tadele Tefera, Kristina K. Green, Peter Anderson, and Esayas Mendesil

Plant resting site preferences and parity rates among the vectors of Rift Valley Fever in northeastern Kenya, Samwel O. Arum, Christopher W. Weldon, Benedict Orindi, Caroline Tigoi, Francis Musili, Tobias Landmann, David P. Tchouassi, Hippolyte D. Affognon, and Rosemary Sang

Plant sugar feeding patterns of wild-caught Aedes aegypti from dengue endemic and non-endemic areas of Kenya, C. Wanjiku, D. P. Tchouassi, C. L. Sole, C. Pirk, and B. Torto

Plant volatile-mediated signalling and its application in agriculture: successes and challenges, John A. Pickett and Zeyaur R. Khan

Plant Volatiles Influence the African Weaver Ant-Cashew Tree Mutualism, Caroline Wanjiku, Fathiya M. Khamis, Peter E.A. Teal, and Baldwyn Torto

Plasmodium-associated changes in human odor attract mosquitoes, Ailie Robinson, Annette O. Busula, Mirjam A. Voets, Khalid B. Beshir, John C. Caulfield, Stephen J. Powers, Niels O. Verhulst, Peter Winskill, Julian Muwanguzi, Michael A. Birkett, Renate C. Smallegange, Daniel K. Masiga, W. Richard Mukabana, Robert W. Sauerwein, Colin J. Sutherland, Teun Bousema, John A. Pickett, Willem Takken, James G. Logan, and Jetske G. De Boer

Plasmodium-associated changes in human odor attract mosquitoes, S. Mihok, E. K. Kang'ethe, and G. K. Kamau

Plasmodium Detection and Differentiation by Direct-on-Blood PCR Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Immunoassay: Development, Validation, and Evaluation, Johanna M. Roth, Laura de Bes, Patrick Sawa, George Omweri, Victor Osoti, Boris Oberheitmann, Henk D.F.H. Schallig, and Pètra F. Mens

Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage in asymptomatic children in western Kenya, J. Teun Bousema, Louis C. Gouagna, Chris J. Drakeley, Annemiek M. Meutstege, Bernard A. Okech, Ikupa N.J. Akim, John C. Beier, John I. Githure, and Robert W. Sauerwein

Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte dynamics after pyronaridine-artesunate or artemether-lumefantrine treatment NCT02411994 NCT, Johanna M. Roth, Patrick Sawa, George Omweri, Victor Osoti, Nicodemus Makio, John Bradley, Teun Bousema, Henk D.F.H. Schallig, and Pètra F. Mens

Plasmodium falciparum infection increases Anopheles gambiae attraction to nectar sources and sugar uptake, Vincent O. Nyasembe, Peter E.A. Teal, Patrick Sawa, James H. Tumlinson, Christian Borgemeister, and Baldwyn Torto

Plasmodium falciparum malaria disease manifestations in humans and transmission to Anopheles gambiae: A field study in Western Kenya, L. C. Gouagna, H. M. Ferguson, B. A. Okech, G. F. Killeen, E. W. Kabiru, J. C. Beier, J. I. Githure, and G. Yan

Plasmodium falciparum parasites with histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) and pfhrp3 gene deletions in two endemic regions of Kenya, Khalid B. Beshir, Nuno Sepúlveda, Jameel Bharmal, Ailie Robinson, Julian Mwanguzi, Annette Obukosia Busula, Jetske Gudrun De Boer, Colin Sutherland, Jane Cunningham, and Heidi Hopkins

Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites increase feeding-associated mortality of their mosquito hosts Anopheles gambiae s.l., R. A. Anderson, B. G.J. Knols, and J. C. Koella

Plasmodium falciparum transmission and aridity: A Kenyan experience from the dry lands of Baringo and its implications for Anopheles arabiensis control, Albert O. Mala, Lucy W. Irungu, Josephat I. Shililu, Ephantus J. Muturi, Charles M. Mbogo, Joseph K. Njagi, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, and John I. Githure

Plasmodium falciparum transmission blocking immunity in three areas with perennial or seasonal endemicity and different levels of transmission, Christian Boudin, Abdoulaye Diop, Abdoulaye Gaye, Libasse Gadiaga, Clément Gouagna, Innocent Safeukui, and Sarah Bonnet

Policy structures and crop productivity in third world countries, Zerubabel M. Nyiira

Pollinator-dependent crops significantly contribute to diets and reduce household nutrient deficiencies in sub-Saharan Africa, Kelvin Mulungu, Hailemariam Tekelewold, Zewdu Abro, Subramanian Sevgan, Beatrice Muriithi, Julius Ecuru, Dennis Beesigamukama, and Menale Kassie

Pollinator efficiency of avocado (Persea americana) flower insect visitors, Rose Nyakemiso Sagwe, Marcell K. Peters, Thomas Dubois, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter, and H. Michael G. Lattorff

Pollinator supplementation mitigates pollination deficits in smallholder avocado (Persea americana Mill.) production systems in Kenya, Rose Nyakemiso Sagwe, Marcell K. Peters, Thomas Dubois, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter, and H. Michael G. Lattorff

Pollution and public health in East Africa, H. Osore

Polymer Beads Increase Field Responses to Host Attractants in the Dengue Vector Aedes aegypti, Elizabeth F. Adhiambo, Louis Clement Gouagna, Eunice A. Owino, Francis Mutuku, Merid N. Getahun, Baldwyn Torto, and David P. Tchouassi

Polymorphism for wolbachia infections in eastern and southern african cotesia sesamiae (cameron) (hymenoptera: braconidae) populations, Adele J. Ngi-Song and Moses B. Mochiah

Polyphenols as potential indicators for drought tolerance in tea (Camellia sinensis L.), Erick K. Cheruiyot, Louis M. Mumera, Wilson K. Ng'etich, Ahmed Hassanali, and Francis Wachira

Population abundance of Varroa destructor and its effects on Apis mellifera scutellata colonies in Kenya, Sammy Kiprotich Cheruiyot, Ruth Kahuthia-Gathu, Jenard Patrick Mbugi, Elliud Muli, and H. Michael G. Lattorff

Population and Breeding Patterns of the Pest Rodent: Mastomys natalensis in a Maize Dominated Agroecosystem in Lake Victoria Crescent Zone, Eastern Uganda, Alex Mayamba, Robert Modest Byamungu, Herwig Leirs, Isabirye Moses, Rhodes H. Makundi, Didas N. Kimaro, Apia W. Massawe, David Kifumba, Alice Nakiyemba, Mshaka E. Mdangi, Brian E. Isabirye, and Loth S. Mulungu

Population dynamics and insecticide resistance in Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), an invasive pest on tomato in Kenya, Maureen Adhiambo Ong'onge, Inusa Jacob Ajene, Steven Runo, Bonoukpoé Mawuko Sokame, and Fathiya Mbarak Khamis

Population dynamics of the diamondback moth and its parasitoids in Zimbabwe, Rudo Sithole, Casper Nyamukondiwa, Peter Chinwada, and Bernhard Lohr

Population fluctuations of the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Outdoor Cages in Kenya, B. Persson

Population genetics of Anopheles funestus, the African malaria vector, Kenya 06 Biological Sciences 0604 Genetics, Edwin O. Ogola, Joel O. Odero, Joseph M. Mwangangi, Daniel K. Masiga, and David P. Tchouassi

Population genetics of the mediterranean corn borer (sesamia nonagrioides) differs between wild and cultivated plants, Abdel Kader Naino Jika, B. Le Ru, C. Capdevielle-Dulac, F. Chardonnet, J. F. Silvain, L. Kaiser, and S. Dupas

Population genetics of the potentially invasive African fruit fly species, Ceratitis rosa and Ceratitis fasciventris (Diptera: Tephritidae), F. N. Baliraine, M. Bonizzoni, C. R. Guglielmino, E. O. Osir, S. A. Lux, F. J. Mulaa, L. M. Gomulski, L. Zheng, S. Quilici, G. Gasperi, and A. R. Malacrida

Population genetics of trypanosoma brucei and the epidemiology of human sleeping sickness in the lambwe valley, Kenya, S. Mihok, L. H. Otieno, and N. Darji

Population Genetics of Two Key Mosquito Vectors of Rift Valley Fever Virus Reveals New Insights into the Changing Disease Outbreak Patterns in Kenya, David P. Tchouassi, Armanda D.S. Bastos, Catherine L. Sole, Mawlouth Diallo, Joel Lutomiah, James Mutisya, Francis Mulwa, Christian Borgemeister, Rosemary Sang, and Baldwyn Torto

Population genetic structure of anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) in a rice growing area of central kenya, Ephantus J. Muturi, Chang Hyun Kim, Frederick N. Baliraine, Solomon Musani, Benjamin Jacob, John Githure, and Robert J. Novak

Population Genetic Structure of Anopheles arabiensis Mosquitoes in Ethiopia and Eritrea, S. R.G. Nyanjom, H. Chen, T. Gebre-Michael, E. Bekele, J. Shililu, J. Githure, J. C. Beier, and Guiyun Yan

Population models for threshold-based control of Tetranychus urticae in small-scale Kenyan tomato fields and for evaluating weather and host plant species effects, Markus Knapp, Ibrahima Sarr, Gianni Gilioli, and Johann Baumgärtner

Populations in nests of the termite Macrotermes subhyalinus in Kenya, J. P.E.C. Darlington

Population structure of a global agricultural invasive pest, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), Yu jia Qin, Matthew N. Krosch, Mark K. Schutze, Yue Zhang, Xiao xue Wang, Chandra S. Prabhakar, Agus Susanto, Alvin K.W. Hee, Sunday Ekesi, Kemo Badji, Mahfuza Khan, Jia jiao Wu, Qiao ling Wang, Ge Yan, Li huan Zhu, Zi hua Zhao, Li jun Liu, Anthony R. Clarke, and Zhi hong Li

Population structure of Anopheles gambiae along the Kenyan coast, Janet T. Midega, Ephantus J. Muturi, Frederick N. Baliraine, Charles M. Mbogo, John Githure, John C. Beier, and Guiyun Yan

Portia’s capacity to decide whether a detour is necessary, Fiona R. Cross and Robert R. Jackson

Post-covid-19 action: Guarding africa’s crops against viral epidemics requires research capacity building that unifies a trio of transdisciplinary interventions, Francis O. Wamonje

Post-harvest disinfestation of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in mango using hot-water treatments, S. Ndlela, S. Ekesi, P. N. Ndegwa, G. O. Ong'amo, and S. A. Mohamed

Postharvest processes of edible insects in Africa: A review of processing methods, and the implications for nutrition, safety and new products development, C. Mutungi, F. G. Irungu, J. Nduko, F. Mutua, H. Affognon, D. Nakimbugwe, S. Ekesi, and K. K.M. Fiaboe

Potato Cyst Nematodes: A New Threat to Potato Production in East Africa, Harrison Mburu, Laura Cortada, Solveig Haukeland, Wilson Ronno, Moses Nyongesa, Zachary Kinyua, Joel L. Bargul, and Danny Coyne

Potential adoption of integrated pest management strategy for suppression of mango fruit flies in East Africa: An ex ante and ex post analysis in Ethiopia and Kenya, Beatrice W. Muriithi, Nancy G. Gathogo, Gracious M. Diiro, Samira A. Mohamed, and Sunday Ekesi

Potential Application of Variable Surface Glycoproteins in Diagnosis of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Simon Ngao Mule

Potential Biological Control Agents for Management of Cogongrass (Cyperales: Poaceae) in the Southeastern USA, William A. Overholt, Purnama Hidayat, Bruno Le Ru, Keiji Takasu, John A. Goolsby, Alex Racelis, A. Millie Burrell, Divina Amalin, Winnifred Agum, Mohamed Njaku, Beatrice Pallangyo, Patricia E. Klein, and James P. Cuda

Potential distribution dataset of honeybees in Indian Ocean Islands: Case study of Zanzibar Island, Sizah Mwalusepo, Eliud Muli, Kiatoko Nkoba, Everlyn Nguku, Joseph Kilonzo, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Tobias Landmann, Asha Fakih, and Suresh Raina

Potential distribution of fall armyworm in Africa and beyond, considering climate change and irrigation patterns, Bipana Paudel Timilsena, Saliou Niassy, Emily Kimathi, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Irmgard Seidl-Adams, Mark Wamalwa, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Sunday Ekesi, David P. Hughes, Edwin G. Rajotte, and Sevgan Subramanian

Potential Economic Impact Of Integrated Thrips Management In French Bean And Tomato In Loitokitok And Mwea Sub - Counties Of Kenya, Esther A. Mujuka

Potential effects of changes in climate, population density and land use land cover on spatial distribution of Adansonia digitata suitable habitats in Africa, Batsirai Chitungo, Tawanda Manyangadze, and Shepard Ndlela

Potential for population growth of the small hive beetle Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) on diets of pollen dough and oranges, Richard T. Arbogast, Baldwyn Torto, and Peter E.A. Teal

Potential for Scaling up Climate Smart Agricultural Practices: Examples from Sub-Saharan Africa, Kindie Tesfaye, Menale Kassie, Jill E. Cairns, Misiko Michael, Clare Stirling, Tsedeke Abate, B. M. Prasanna, Mulugetta Mekuria, Habtamu Hailu, Dil Bahadur Rahut, Olaf Erenstein, and Bruno Gerard

Potential for utilization of entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, for control of banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar), Carolyne Anaye Omukoko

Potential of a Brazilian population of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus longipes as a biological control agent of Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae), I. P. Furtado, G. J.de Moraes, S. Kreiter, M. S. Tixier, and M. Knapp

Potential of Camellia sinensis proanthocyanidins-rich fraction for controlling malaria mosquito populations through disruption of larval development, Jackson M. Muema, Joel L. Bargul, Steven G. Nyanjom, James M. Mutunga, and Sospeter N. Njeru

Potential of cavalcade, Centrosema pascuorum, leaves for controlling Meloidogyne javanica and quantification of active phytochemicals, Natthidech Beesa, Buncha Chinnasri, Anongnuch Sasnarukkit, Tida Dethoup, Kansiree Jindapunnapat, Agnes W. Kiriga, Kanan Saikai, Solveig Haukeland, and Danny Coyne

Potential of ear tags impregnated with acaricides for control of the brown ear tick (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) infesting cattle, J. J. De Castro

Potential of entomocomposting toward soil pathogen suppression, Dennis Beesigamukama, María Gómez-Brandón, and Chrysantus Mbi Tanga

Potential of entomopathogenic fungi for Glossina austeni control: insights into microbiome alterations and implications on sustainable management of the pest, Fidelis Levi Odhiambo Ombura, Imna Malele, Adly M.M. Abd-Alla, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Inusa Jacob Ajene, and Fathiya Mbarak Khamis

Potential of improved fallows to increase household and regional fuelwood supply: Evidence from western Kenya, B. A. Jama, J. K. Mutegi, and A. N. Njui

Potential of Insect Life Stages as Functional Ingredients for Improved Nutrition and Health, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Hosea O. Mokaya, Wendie Kasiera, and Sevgan Subramanian

Potential of native entomopathogenic fungi isolates against the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Maize in Ethiopia, Birhanu Sisay, Denberu Kebede Aragaw, Abiy Fekadu, Mulatwa Wondimu, and Tadele Tefera

Potential of neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., in the management of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) on maize in Kenya, H. Tekie, E. Seyoum, and R. C. Saxena

Potential of resampled multispectral data for detecting desmodium-brachiaria intercropped with maize in a 'push-pull' system, B. T. Mudereri, E. M. Abdel-Rahman, T. Dube, T. Landmann, S. Niassy, H. E.Z. Tonnang, and Z. R. Khan

Potential of sequential cropping in the management of root-knot nematodes in okra, A. N. Mweke, J. W. Kimenju, A. A. Seif, E. W. Mutitu, and G. K. Mutua

Potential of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) as an unconventional source of dietary and therapeutic sterols, Xavier Cheseto, Serge Philibert Kuate, David P. Tchouassi, Mary Ndung'u, Peter E.A. Teal, and Baldwyn Torto

Potential of the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin for control of the legume flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom) on cowpea in Kenya, S. Ekesi, N. K. Maniania, K. Ampong-Nyarko, and I. Onu

Potential of Traditional Knowledge of Plants in the Management of Arthropods in Livestock Industry with Focus on (Acari) Ticks, Wycliffe Wanzala

Potential roles of selected forage grasses in management of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) through companion cropping, Duncan Cheruiyot, Xavier Chiriboga Morales, Frank Chidawanyika, Toby J.A. Bruce, and Zeyaur R. Khan

Potential shortfalls of using entomopathogenic fungi for boosting the sterile insect technique to control the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, Samba Diop, Thierry Brévault, Fatime Dosso, Sohel Ahmad, Emilie Deletre, Simon Fellous, and Anais Chailleux

Potential side effects of the interaction between Phthorimaea absoluta parasitoids: the exotic Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris and the native Bracon nigricans, Sahadatou Mama Sambo, Shepard Ndlela, Hannalene du Plessis, Esther Awuor Owino, and Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed

Potential Toxicity of α-Cypermethrin-Treated Nets on Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), A. Biondi, L. Zappalà, N. Desneux, A. Aparo, G. Siscaro, C. Rapisarda, T. Martin, and G. Tropea Garzia

Powdered neem seed and cake for management of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus, and parasitic nematodes, T. Musabyimana, R. C. Saxena, E. W. Kairu, C. K.P.O. Ogol, and Z. R. Khan

Powdery Mildew Fungus Oidium lycopersici Infected-Tomato Plants Attracts the Non-Vector Greenhouse Whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, but Seems Impair Their Development, Muhammad Qasim, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Dilbar Hussain, Omar Mahmoud Al-Zoubi, Tariq Mustafa, Luis Carlos Ramos Aguila, Saad Alamri, Mohamed Hashem, and Liande Wang

Ppmap: Reproducible and extensible open‐source software for plant phenological phase duration prediction and mapping in sub‐saharan Africa, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Ritter A. Guimapi, Anani Y. Bruce, Dan Makumbi, Bester T. Mudereri, Tesfaye Balemi, and Peter Craufurd

Practical identification of the females of five species of atherigona rondani (Diptera, Muscidae) in Kenya, J. R. Clearwater

Precision Agriculture for Resource Use Efficiency in Smallholder Farming Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review, Cecilia M. Onyango, Justine M. Nyaga, Johanna Wetterlind, Mats Söderström, and Kristin Piikki

Precocene-induced sterility in F1 generation of Glossina morsitans morsitans, M. Samaranayaka-Ramasamy and M. F.B. Chaudhury

Precocene treatment of the female tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans sterilises her female offspring, M. Samaranayaka-Ramasamy and M. F.B. Chaudhury

Predation and reproductive output of the ladybird beetle Stethorus tridens preying on tomato red spider mite Tetranychus evansi, Erika P.J. Britto, Manoel G.C. Gondim, Jorge B. Torres, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Gilberto J. Moraes, and Markus Knapp

Predation of aquatic stages of Anopheles gambiae by the Louisiana red swamp crawfish (Procambarus clarkii), G. M. Mkoji, T. G. Boyce, B. N. Mungai, R. S. Copeland, B. V. Hofkin, and E. S. Loker

Predation of free-living engorged female Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Esther N. Mwangi, Robin M. Newson, and Godwin P. Kaaya

Predation on livestock ticks by chickens, S. M. Hassan, O. O. Dipeolu, A. O. Amoo, and T. R. Odhiambo

Predators of Mesoplatys ochroptera in sesbania planted-fallows in eastern Zambia, G. Sileshi, M. Kenis, C. K.P.O. Ogol, and S. Sithanantham

Predators of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Col., Curculionidae) in western Kenya, A. M. Koppenhöfer, K. V.Seshu Reddy, G. Madel, and M. C. Lubega

Predators, Parasitoids and Pathogens of Ticks: A Review, Esther N. Mwangi, Olusegun O. Dipeolu, Robin M. Newson, Godwin P. Kaaya, and Shwagi M. Hassan

Predatory mites associated with Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Native solanaceous plants of coastal Pernambuco state, Brazil, Alexsandra A. Rosa, Manoel G.C. Gondim, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Gilberto J. de Moraes, and Knapp Markus

Predicting future distribution patterns of Jatropha gossypiifolia L. in South Africa in response to climate change, Moleseng Claude Moshobane, Bester Tawona Mudereri, Mukundi Mukundamago, and Tavengwa Chitata

Predicting intercrop competition, facilitation, and productivity from simple functional traits, Chloe MacLaren, Wycliffe Waswa, Kamaluddin Tijjani Aliyu, Lieven Claessens, Andrew Mead, Christian Schöb, Bernard Vanlauwe, and Jonathan Storkey

Predicting medicinal phytochemicals of Moringa oleifera using hyperspectral reflectance of tree canopies, Thulani Tshabalala, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Cecilia Masemola, Bhekumthetho Ncube, Ashwell R. Ndhlala, and Onisimo Mutanga

Predicting minimum tillage adoption among smallholder farmers using micro-level and policy variables, Paswel P. Marenya, Menale Kassie, Moti Jaleta, Dil Bahadur Rahut, and Olaf Erenstein

Predicting Rift Valley Fever Inter-epidemic Activities and Outbreak Patterns: Insights from a Stochastic Host-Vector Model, Sansao A. Pedro, Shirley Abelman, and Henri E.Z. Tonnang

Predicting spatial distribution of key honeybee pests in Kenya using remotely sensed and bioclimatic variables: Key honeybee pests distribution models, David M. Makori, Ayuka T. Fombong, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Kiatoko Nkoba, Juliette Ongus, Janet Irungu, Gladys Mosomtai, Sospeter Makau, Onisimo Mutanga, John Odindi, Suresh Raina, and Tobias Landmann

Predicting stem borer density in maize using RapidEye data and generalized linear models, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Tobias Landmann, Richard Kyalo, George Ong'amo, Sizah Mwalusepo, Saad Sulieman, and Bruno Le Ru

Predicting the current and future distribution of the edible long-horned grasshopper Ruspolia differens (Serville) using temperature-dependent phenology models, Alfonce Leonard, James P. Egonyu, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Samuel Kyamanywa, Henri Z.E. Tonnang, Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag, Fathiya M. Khamis, Sunday Ekesi, and Sevgan Subramanian

Predicting the distribution of Chilo partellus (swinhoe) and its parasitoid Cotesia flavipes Cameron in Ethiopia using correlation, step-wise regression and geographic information systems, G. Emana, W. A. Overholt, E. Kairu, L. MacOpiyo, and G. Zhou

Predicting the Geographical Distribution Shift of Medicinal Plants in South Africa Due to Climate Change, Thulani Tshabalala, Onisimo Mutanga, and Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman

Predicting the Habitat Suitability and Distribution of Two Species of Mound-Building Termites in Nigeria Using Bioclimatic and Vegetation Variables, Aiki P. Istifanus, Azrag G.A. Abdelmutalab, Christian W.W. Pirk, and Abdullahi A. Yusuf

Predicting the habitat suitability of the invasive white mango scale, Aulacaspis tubercularis; Newstead, 1906 (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) using bioclimatic variables, Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag, Samira A. Mohamed, Shepard Ndlela, and Sunday Ekesi

Predicting the impact of climate change on regional and seasonal abundance of the mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) using temperature-driven phenology model linked to GIS, Babasaheb B. Fand, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Mahesh Kumar, Santanu K. Bal, Naveen P. Singh, D. V.K.N. Rao, Ankush L. Kamble, Dhananjay D. Nangare, and Paramjit S. Minhas

Predicting the impact of climate change on the potential distribution of the invasive tomato pinworm Phthorimaea absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag, Francis Obala, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Brian N. Hogg, Shepard Ndlela, and Samira A. Mohamed

Predicting the impact of outdoor vector control interventions on malaria transmission intensity from semi-field studies, Adrian Denz, Margaret M. Njoroge, Mgeni M. Tambwe, Clara Champagne, Fredros Okumu, Joop J.A. van Loon, Alexandra Hiscox, Adam Saddler, Ulrike Fillinger, Sarah J. Moore, and Nakul Chitnis

Predicting the impact of temperature change on the future distribution of maize stem borers and their natural enemies along East African mountain gradients using phenology models, Sizah Mwalusepo, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Estomih S. Massawe, Gerphas O. Okuku, Nancy Khadioli, Tino Johansson, Paul André Calatayud, and Bruno Pierre Le Ru

Predicting the potential global distribution of an invasive alien pest Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), Owusu Fordjour Aidoo, Philipe Guilherme Corcino Souza, Ricardo Siqueira da Silva, Paulo Antonio Santana Júnior, Marcelo Coutinho Picanço, Rosina Kyerematen, Mamoudou Sétamou, Sunday Ekesi, and Christian Borgemeister

Predicting the potential worldwide distribution of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) using ecological niche modeling, K. K.M. Fiaboe, A. T. Peterson, M. T.K. Kairo, and A. L. Roda

Predicting the spatial suitability distribution of Moringa oleifera cultivation using analytical hierarchical process modelling, T. Tshabalala, B. Ncube, H. P. Moyo, E. M. Abdel-Rahman, O. Mutanga, and A. R. Ndhlala

Prediction of breeding regions for the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria in East Africa, Emily Kimathi, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Sevgan Subramanian, Keith Cressman, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Mehari Tesfayohannes, Saliou Niassy, Baldwyn Torto, Thomas Dubois, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Menale Kassie, Sunday Ekesi, David Mwangi, and Segenet Kelemu

Prediction of insect pest distribution as influenced by elevation: Combining field observations and temperature-dependent development models for the coffee stink bug, antestiopsis thunbergii (gmelin), Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag, Christian W.W. Pirk, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Fabrice Pinard, Saliou Niassy, Gladys Mosomtai, and Régis Babin

Preference for isolated host plants facilitates invasion of Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) by a bacterial male-killer Spiroplasma, Ian J. Gordon, Piera Ireri, and David A.S. Smith

Pregnancy diagnosis in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) based on a competitive progesterone enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), H. Mahamat, W. Olaho-Mukani, M. M. Mboloi, S. O. Guya, and G. E. Krombaritis

Pre-harvest starvation effects on microbial load, weight loss and proximate composition of edible field cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) and desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria), James P. Egonyu, Simon Labu, Dorothy N. Nyangena, Fathiya Khamis, Xavier Cheseto, Chrysantus Mbi Tanga, and Sevgan Subramanian

Prehistoric fires and land-cover change in western Kenya: Evidences from pollen, charcoal, grass cuticles and grass phytoliths, Joseph Mworia-Maitima

Preliminary studies on cowpea resistance to Aphis craccivora Koch (Hom., Aphididae), C. C.A. MACFOY and Z. T. DABROWSKI

Prevalence and parasite load of nematodes and trematodes in an invasive slug and its susceptibility to a slug parasitic nematode compared to native gastropods, Henrik Antzée-Hyllseth, Nina Trandem, Torfinn Torp, and Solveig Haukeland

Prevalence and transmission of selected infectious disease-causing enzootic and zoonotic pathogens by haematophagous camel keds, Hippobosca camelina, in Laisamis, Marsabit county of northern Kenya, Kevin Kidambasi

Prevalence, intensity and risk factors of tungiasis in Kilifi County, Kenya II: Results from a school-based observational study, Lynne Elson, Susanne Wiese, Hermann Feldmeier, and Ulrike Fillinger

Prevalence of common honey bee pathogens at selected apiaries in Kenya, 2013/2014, Juliette R. Ongus, Ayuka T. Fombong, Janet Irungu, Daniel Masiga, and Suresh Raina

Prevalence of enlarged salivary glands in wild populations of Glossina pallidipes in Kenya, with a note on the ultrastructure of the affected organ, L. H. Otieno, E. D. Kokwaro, M. Chimtawi, and P. Onyango

Prevalence of malaria and selected arboviral infections in patients presenting with undiagnosed febrile illness in Rusinga Island, Kenya, Purity Ngina Kipanga

Prevalence of trypanosomes associated with drug resistance in Shimba Hills, Kwale County, Kenya, Benard W. Kulohoma, Sarah A.O. Wamwenje, Ibrahim I. Wangwe, Nicodemus Masila, Caroline K. Mirieri, and Lillian Wambua

Prevalence of Trypanosome Species in Cattle Near Ruma National Park, Lambwe Valley, Kenya: An Update From the Historical Focus for African Trypanosomosis, Shewit Kalayou, Michael Nyang anga Okal, Peter Otieno Odhiambo, Kawira Mathenge, Daniel Ochieng Gamba, Edward Kariuki, Francis McOdimba, and Daniel Masiga

Prey choice and raiding behaviour of the Ponerine ant Pachycondyla analis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), A. A. Yusuf, I. Gordon, R. M. Crewe, and C. W.W. Pirk

Prey classification by an araneophagic ant-like jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae), X. J. Nelson and R. R. Jackson

Primary events in dim light vision: A chemical and spectroscopic approach toward understanding protein/chromophore interactions in rhodopsin, Nathan Fishkin, Nina Berova, and Koji Nakanishi

Primates on the farm – spatial patterns of human–wildlife conflict in forest-agricultural landscape mosaic in Taita Hills, Kenya, Mika Siljander, Toini Kuronen, Tino Johansson, Martha Nzisa Munyao, and Petri K.E. Pellikka

Prioritization of invasive alien species with the potential to threaten agriculture and biodiversity in Kenya through horizon scanning, Joseph Mulema, Roger Day, Winnie Nunda, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Anani Y. Bruce, Sospeter Gachamba, Solveig Haukeland, Ruth Kahuthia-Gathu, Staline Kibet, Asenath Koech, Thomas Kosiom, Douglas Watuku Miano, George Momanyi, Lucy Kananu Murungi, James Wanjohi Muthomi, Julianna Mwangi, Maina Mwangi, Nicholas Mwendo, John Huria Nderitu, Johnson Nyasani, Miriam Otipa, Sarah Wambugu, Eric Were, Fernadis Makale, Laura Doughty, Steve Edgington, Ivan Rwomushana, and Marc Kenis

Probing The Trans-Sialidase Activity Of The Neuraminidase Derived From Human Influenza A (H3n2) Virus, Eva Kalemera Aluvaala

Processed Amaranth and Finger Millet Enriched With Cricket Flour Influence the Functionality, Microbial Quality, Shelf Life, and Consumer Preference of the Porridge Products, Nelly Maiyo, Michael Okoth, George Abong, Brian O. Ochieng, Fathiya Khamis, Margaret Kababu, and Chrysantus M. Tanga

Production, consumption, and market supply of edible crickets: insights from East Africa, Arnold L. Musungu, Beatrice W. Muriithi, Changeh J. Ghemoh, Dorothy Nakimbugwe, and Chrysantus M. Tanga

Production of edible insects for enhanced food security and rural livelihoods, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Margaret Kababu, Cheseto Xavier, Meenakshisundaram Menaga, Andrea Adelmo Della Penna, Sevgan Subramanian, Dennis Beesigamukama, and Chia Y. Shaphan

Production of Nosema marucae for biological control of cereal stem borers, M. O. Odindo, P. A. Amutalla, M. Opondo‐Mbai, and T. Anyango Odero

Productivity, profitability and partial nutrient balance in maize-based conventional and organic farming systems in Kenya, Noah Adamtey, Martha W. Musyoka, Christine Zundel, Juan Guillermo Cobo, Edward Karanja, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Anne Muriuki, Monicah Mucheru-Muna, Bernard Vanlauwe, Estelle Berset, Monika M. Messmer, Andreas Gattinger, Gurbir S. Bhullar, Georg Cadisch, Andreas Fliessbach, Paul Mäder, Urs Niggli, and Dionys Foster

Products derived from the leaves of Ocimum kilimandscharicum (Labiatae) as post-harvest grain protectants against the infestation of three major stored product insect pests, B. Jembere, D. Obeng-Ofori, A. Hassanali, and G. N.N. Nyamasyo

Profile: The Rusinga health and demographic surveillance system, Western Kenya, Tobias Homan, Aurelio di Pasquale, Kelvin Onoka, Ibrahim Kiche, Alexandra Hiscox, Collins Mweresa, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, Daniel Masiga, Willem Takken, and Nicolas Maire

Profiling and Prioritizing Climate-Smart Aquaculture Technologies, Innovations, and Management Practices in Kenya, Kevin Obiero, Erick Ogello, Jonathan Munguti, Jimmy Mboya, Domitila Kyule, Mary Opiyo, Cecilia Githukia, Kevin Ouko, Elijah Kembenya, Jacob Abwao, Geraldine Matolla, Josiah Ani, Saitoti Sambu, Maureen Cheserek, Kiplangat Ngeno, Joel Khobondo, Menaga Meenakshisundaram, Chrysantus Tanga, and Rodrigue Yossa

Profitability of diammonium phosphate use in bush and climbing bean-maize rotations in smallholder farms of Central Burundi, Marie Chantal Niyuhire, Pieter Pypers, Bernard Vanlauwe, Generose Nziguheba, Dries Roobroeck, and Roel Merckx

Profitable entrepreneurship or marginal self-employment? The bimodality of Latina self-employment in the United States, Monica Fisher and Paul A. Lewin

Progeny production and sex ratios of field populations of the parasitoids cotesia flavipes and cotesia sesamiae reared from gramineous stemborers in coastal Kenya, Charles O. Omwega and William A. Overholt

Progress in integrated assessment and modelling, P. Parker, R. Letcher, A. Jakeman, M. B. Beck, G. Harris, R. M. Argent, M. Hare, C. Pahl-Wostl, A. Voinov, M. Janssen, P. Sullivan, M. Scoccimarro, A. Friend, M. Sonnenshein, D. Barker, L. Matejicek, D. Odulaja, P. Deadman, K. Lim, G. Larocque, P. Tarikhi, C. Fletcher, A. Put, T. Maxwell, A. Charles, H. Breeze, N. Nakatani, and S. Mudgal

Progress in research on site-specific nutrient management for smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa, P. Chivenge, S. Zingore, K. S. Ezui, S. Njoroge, M. A. Bunquin, A. Dobermann, and K. Saito

Progress in the use of geospatial and remote sensing technologies in the assessment and monitoring of tomato crop diseases, Mologadi Clodean Mothapo, Timothy Dube, Elfatih Abdel-Rahman, and Mbulisi Sibanda

Promoting insect farming and household consumption through agricultural training and nutrition education in Africa: A study protocol for a multisite cluster-randomized controlled trial, Mohammed Hussen Alemu, Afton Halloran, Søren Bøye Olsen, Jacob Paarechuga Anankware, Philip Nyeko, Monica Ayieko, Evans Nyakeri, John Kinyuru, Silvenus Konyole, Saliou Niassy, James Peter Egonyu, Geoffrey Maxwell Malinga, Jeremiah Ng'ang'a, Charles Adino Ng'ong'a, Nicky Okeyo, Shadrack Kwaku Debrah, Samuel Kiiru, Amos Acur, and Nanna Roos

Properties and performance testing of biodiesel from a mixture of jatropha curcas and croton megalocarpus blends, Herbert W. Kavunja

Properties of a blood-meal-induced midgut lectin from the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans, L. Abubakar, E. O. Osir, and M. O. Imbuga

Properties of a factor in eland plasma that inhibits transformation of bloodstream-form trypanosoma brucei brucei, E. K. Nguu and E. O. Osir

Prospects for biological control of livestock ticks, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Amblyomma variegatum, using the Entomogenous fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium Anisopliae, Godwin P. Kaaya, Esther N. Mwangi, and Elizabeth A. Ouna

Prospects for biological control of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, with the entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, on chrysanthemum, N. K. Maniania, S. Ekesi, B. Löhr, and F. Mwangi

Prospects for developing odour baits to control Glossina fuscipes spp., the major vector of human African trypanosomiasis, Maurice O. Omolo, Ahmed Hassanali, Serge Mpiana, Johan Esterhuizen, Jenny Lindh, Mike J. Lehane, Philippe Solano, Jean Baptiste Rayaisse, Glyn A. Vale, Steve J. Torr, and Inaki Tirados

Prospects for malaria control through manipulation of mosquito larval habitats and olfactory-mediated behavioural responses using plant-derived compounds, Jackson M. Muema, Joel L. Bargul, Sospeter N. Njeru, Joab O. Onyango, and Susan S. Imbahale

Prospects for repellent in pest control: current developments and future challenges, Emilie Deletre, Bertrand Schatz, Denis Bourguet, Fabrice Chandre, Livy Williams, Alain Ratnadass, and Thibaud Martin

Prospects for the Development of Odour Baits to Control the Tsetse Flies Glossina tachinoidesand G. palpalis s.l., J. B. Rayaisse, I. Tirados, D. Kaba, S. Y. Dewhirst, J. G. Logan, A. Diarrassouba, E. Salou, M. O. Omolo, P. Solano, M. J. Lehane, J. A. Pickett, G. A. Vale, S. J. Torr, and J. Esterhuizen

Prospects of a fungus-contamination device for the control of tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes, Nguya K. Maniania, Sunday Ekesi, Adedapo Odulaja, Mathilda A. Okech, and David J. Nadel

Prospects of endophytic fungal entomopathogens as biocontrol and plant growth promoting agents: An insight on how artificial inoculation methods affect endophytic colonization of host plants, Bamisope Steve Bamisile, Chandra Kanta Dash, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Ravindran Keppanan, Oluwatoyin Grace Afolabi, Mubasher Hussain, Muhammad Qasim, and Liande Wang

Prospects of fungal endophytes in the control of Liriomyza leafminer flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in common bean Phaseolus vulgaris Linnaeus (Fabales: Fabaceae) under field conditions, Jane Wairimu Gathage

Prospects of fungal endophytes in the control of Liriomyza leafminer flies in common bean Phaseolus vulgaris under field conditions, Jane Wairimu Gathage, Zipporah Osiemo Lagat, Komi Kouma Mokpokpo Fiaboe, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Sunday Ekesi, and Nguya Kalemba Maniania

Prospects of using tick parasitoids (insecta) for tick management in africa, Esther N. Mwangi and Godwin P. Kaaya

Protected cultivation of vegetable crops in sub-Saharan Africa: limits and prospects for smallholders. A review, Thibault Nordey, Claudine Basset-Mens, Hubert De Bon, Thibaud Martin, Emilie Déletré, Serge Simon, Laurent Parrot, Hugo Despretz, Joël Huat, Yannick Biard, Thomas Dubois, and Eric Malézieux

Protecting cows in small holder farms in East Africa from tsetse flies by mimicking the odor profile of a non-host bovid, Rajinder K. Saini, Benedict O. Orindi, Norber Mbahin, John A. Andoke, Peter N. Muasa, David M. Mbuvi, Caroline M. Muya, John A. Pickett, and Christian W. Borgemeister

Protective role of antioxidant in ameliorating African trypanosomiasis - induced brain degeneration in a mouse model, James Nyabuga Nyariki

Protein Content and Amino Acid Profiles of Selected Edible Insect Species from the Democratic Republic of Congo Relevant for Transboundary Trade across Africa, Papy Nsevolo Miankeba, Alabi Taofic, Nkoba Kiatoko, Kambashi Mutiaka, Frédéric Francis, and Rudy Caparros Megido

Protein polymorphism in two populations of the brown ear tick, rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann (Acari: Ixodidae), F. N. Baliraine, E. O. Osir, S. B. Obuya', and F. J. Mulaa

Protein-protein interaction map of the Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P protein complex, Maximiliano Juri Ayub, Cristian R. Smulski, Benson Nyambega, Natalia Bercovich, Dan Masiga, Martín P. Vazquez, Carlos F. Aguilar, and Mariano J. Levin

Proteins and surface proteins of Leishmania promastigotes and their possible relevance to the characterisation of strains, R. Ramasamy, H. Jamnadas, and M. J. Mutinga

Proteins associated with SF3a60 in T. brucei, Benson Nyambega, Claudia Helbig, Daniel K. Masiga, Christine Clayton, and Mariano J. Levin

Protein synthesis by the milk gland and fat body of the tsetse fly, Glossina pallidipes, Lynn M. Riddiford and T. S. Dhadialla

Proteome Profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cells Exposed to Nitrosative Stress, Alemayehu Godana Birhanu, Marta Gómez-Muñoz, Shewit Kalayou, Tahira Riaz, Timo Lutter, Solomon Abebe Yimer, Markos Abebe, and Tone Tønjum

Proximate composition and in vitro protein digestibility of extruded aquafeeds containing Acheta domesticus and Hermetia illucens fractions, F. G. Irungu, C. M. Mutungi, A. K. Faraj, H. Affognon, S. Ekesi, D. Nakimbugwe, and K. K.M. Fiaboe

Proximity of release points of pheromone components as a factor confusing males of the spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus, approaching the trap, Slawomir A. Lux, Ahmed Hassanali, Wilber Lwande, and Florence N. Njogu

Proximity to a forest leads to higher honey yield: Another reason to conserve, Susan O. Sande, Robin M. Crewe, Suresh K. Raina, Susan W. Nicolson, and Ian Gordon

Public engagement by early career researchers during the COVID-19 pandemic: case studies from East Africa, Trizah K. Milugo, Mary V. Mosha, Eddie Wampande, Rune Philemon, Immaculate N. Lwanga, Janet Seeley, and Nelson K. Sewankambo

Purification and characterization of a midgut lectin-trypsin complex from the tsetse fly Glossina longipennis, E. O. Osir, L. Abubakar, and M. O. Imbuga

Purification and characterization of Trypanoagglutinin from the Midgut of Tsetse fly, Glossina Longipennis, Laila Uweso Abubaker

Purification and Properties of the Low Molecular Weight Protein from Haemolymph of the Tsetse Fly, Glossina Morsitans Morsitans, Edward Kinyua Nguu

Pushing the envelope? Maize production intensification and the role of cattle manure in recovery of degraded soils in smallholder farming areas of Zimbabwe, Leonard Rusinamhodzi, Marc Corbeels, Shamie Zingore, Justice Nyamangara, and Ken E. Giller

Push-pull: A novel IPM strategy for the green revolution in Africa, Zeyaur R. Khan, Charles A.O. Midega, Jimmy O. Pittchar, and John A. Pickett

Push-Pull: Chemical Ecology-Based Integrated Pest Management Technology, Zeyaur Khan, Charles A.O. Midega, Antony Hooper, and John Pickett

Push-pull cropping system positively impacts diversity and abundance of springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola) as bioindicators of soil health, Daniel Munyao Mutyambai, Johnstone Mutiso Mutua, Abdul A. Jalloh, Saliou Niassy, Thomas Dubois, Zeyaur Khan, and Sevgan Subramanian

Push-pull cropping system soil legacy alter maize metabolism and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistance through tritrophic interactions, Daniel Munyao Mutyambai, Johnstone Mutiso Mutua, André Kessler, Abdul A. Jalloh, Basilio Ngari Njiru, Frank Chidawanyika, Thomas Dubois, Zeyaur Khan, Samira Mohamed, Saliou Niassy, and Sevgan Subramanian

Push-pull farming system controls Fall armyworm: Lessons from Africa, Zeyaur R. Khan, Jimmy O. Pittchar, Charles A.O. Midega, and John A. Pickett

Push–pull farming system in Kenya: Implications for economic and social welfare, Menale Kassie, Jesper Stage, Gracious Diiro, Beatrice Muriithi, Geoffrey Muricho, Samuel T. Ledermann, Jimmy Pittchar, Charles Midega, and Kahn Zeyaur

Push-pull farming systems, John A. Pickett, Christine M. Woodcock, Charles A.O. Midega, and Zeyaur R. Khan

Push-Pull Intercropping Increases the Antiherbivore Benzoxazinoid Glycoside Content in Maize Leaf Tissue, Jakob Lang, Sergio E. Ramos, Linus Reichert, Grace M. Amboka, Celina Apel, Frank Chidawanyika, Andargachew Detebo, Felipe Librán-Embid, David Meinhof, Laurent Bigler, and Meredith C. Schuman

Push-pull strategy combined with net houses for controlling cowpea insect pests and enhancing crop yields, Seydou Diabate, Thibaud Martin, Lucy Kananu Murungi, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, John Wesonga, John M. Kimani, and Emilie Deletre

Push-pull technology: A conservation agriculture approach for integrated management of insect pests, weeds and soil health in Africa, Zeyaur Khan, Charles Midega, Jimmy Pittchar, John Pickett, and Toby Bruce

Push-pull technology enhances resilience to climate change and prevents land degradation: Perceptions of adopters in western Kenya, Pierre Celestin Ndayisaba, Shem Kuyah, Charles Aura Odhiambo Midega, Peter Njoroge Mwangi, and Zeyaur Rahman Khan

Push-pull technology improves carbon stocks in rainfed smallholder agriculture in Western Kenya, Pierre Celestin Ndayisaba, Shem Kuyah, Charles Aura Odhiambo Midega, Peter Njoroge Mwangi, and Zeyaur Rahman Khan

Push-pull technology improves maize grain yield and total aboveground biomass in maize-based systems in Western Kenya, Pierre Celestin Ndayisaba, Shem Kuyah, Charles Aura Odhiambo Midega, Peter Njoroge Mwangi, and Zeyaur Rahman Khan

Pyriproxyfen for mosquito control: Female sterilization or horizontal transfer to oviposition substrates by Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and Culex quinquefasciatus, Oscar Mbare, Steven W. Lindsay, and Ulrike Fillinger

Pyronaridine-artesunate and artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Kenyan children: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial NCT02411994 NCT, Johanna M. Roth, Patrick Sawa, Nicodemus Makio, George Omweri, Victor Osoti, Selpha Okach, Felix Choy, Henk D.F.H. Schallig, and Pètra Mens

Quality of charcoal produced using micro gasification and how the new cook stove works in rural Kenya, Mary Njenga, Yahia Mahmoud, Ruth Mendum, Miyuki Iiyama, Ramni Jamnadass, Kristina Roing De Nowina, and Cecilia Sundberg

Quality of honey harvested and processed using traditional methods in rural areas of Kenya, Eliud Muli, A. Munguti, and S. K. Raina

Quantifying stochastic error propagation in Bayesian parametric estimates using non-linear parameters of Anopheles gambiae s.l. habitats, Benjamin George Jacob, James Gunter, Xavier Caamano Erick, Alexander Gathings David, John Githure, Larry Regens James, and John Novak Robert

Quantifying the impacts of environmental factors on vegetation dynamics over climatic and management gradients of central asia, Olena Dubovyk, Tobias Landmann, Andreas Dietz, and Gunter Menz

Quantifying variability in maize yield response to nutrient applications in the Northern Nigerian Savanna, Bello M. Shehu, Roel Merckx, Jibrin M. Jibrin, Alpha Y. Kamara, and Jairos Rurinda

Quantitative Analysis of the Pyrethrins by HPLC, Dismas A. Otieno, Isaac J. Jondiko, Philip G. McDowell, and Ference J. Kezdy

Quantitative and quality losses caused by rodents in on-farm stored maize: a case study in the low land tropical zone of Kenya, Kukom Edoh Ognakossan, Christopher M. Mutungi, Tobias O. Otieno, Hippolyte D. Affognon, Daniel N. Sila, and Willis O. Owino

Quantitative trait loci analysis of flowering time related traits identified in recombinant inbred lines of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Mebeasealassie Andargie, Remy S. Pasquet, Geoffrey M. Muluvi, and Michael P. Timko

Quantitative trait loci controlling refractoriness to Plasmodium falciparum in natural Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes from a malaria-endemic region in western Kenya, David M. Menge, Daibin Zhong, Tom Guda, Louis Gouagna, John Githure, John Beier, and Guiyun Yan

Quantitative trait loci involved in the reproductive success of a parasitoid wasp, Romain Benoist, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Célina Chantre, Rémi Jeannette, Paul André Calatayud, Jean Michel Drezen, Stéphane Dupas, Arnaud Le Rouzic, Bruno Le Ru, Laurence Moreau, Erwin Van Dijk, Laure Kaiser, and Florence Mougel

Rainfall as a mortality factor in the Sorghum Shootfly, Atherigona soccata Rond. (Diptera, Muscidae), A. G.L. DELOBEL

Randomised controlled trial of two sequential artemisinin-based combination therapy regimens to treat uncomplicated falciparum malaria in African children: A protocol to investigate safety, efficacy and adherence, Henk D.F.H. Schallig, Halidou Tinto, Patrick Sawa, Harparkash Kaur, Stephan Duparc, Deus S. Ishengoma, Pascal Magnussen, Michael Alifrangis, and Colin J. Sutherland

Rapid acquisition, management, and analysis of spatial maize (Zea mays L.) phenological data—Towards ‘Big Data’ for agronomy transformation in Africa, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Tesfaye Balemi, Kenneth F. Masuki, Ibrahim Mohammed, Julius Adewopo, Adnan A. Adnan, Bester Tawona Mudereri, Bernard Vanlauwe, and Peter Craufurd

Rapid and high throughput molecular identification of diverse mosquito species by high resolution melting analysis., Yvonne Ukamaka Ajamma, Enock Mararo, David Omondi, Thomas Onchuru, Anne W.T. Muigai, Daniel Masiga, and Jandouwe Villinger

Rapid nectar-meal effects on a predator’s capacity to kill mosquitoes, Georgina E. Carvell, Josiah O. Kuja, and Robert R. Jackson

Ratcheting and energetic aspects of synchronization in coupled bursting neurons, E. Marius Yamakou, E. Maeva Inack, and F. M. Moukam Kakmeni

Ratio dependence effects of the parasitoid Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris on its associated host Tuta absoluta, Sahadatou Mama Sambo, Shepard Ndlela, Hannalene du Plessis, Francis Obala, and Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed

Re-analysis of abdominal gland volatilome secretions of the africanweaver ant, oecophylla longinoda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Bethelihem Mekonnen, Xavier Cheseto, Christian Pirk, Abdullahi Yusuf, Sunday Ekesi, Emilie Deletre, and Baldwyn Torto

Rearing Method and Developmental Biology of the African Coffee White Stem Borer, Monochamus leuconotus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), James M. Gichuhi, Paul N. Ndegwa, Harrison M. Mugo, Ephantus K. Guandaru, and Régis Babin

Rearing Method and Life History of Laboratory Bred African Coffee White Stem Borer, Monochamus Leuconotus (Pascoe) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), James M. Gichuhi

Recent advances toward the sustainable management of invasive Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles, Antonio Gugliuzzo, Peter H.W. Biedermann, Daniel Carrillo, Louela A. Castrillo, James P. Egonyu, Diego Gallego, Khalid Haddi, Jiri Hulcr, Hervé Jactel, Hisashi Kajimura, Naoto Kamata, Nicolas Meurisse, You Li, Jason B. Oliver, Christopher M. Ranger, Davide Rassati, Lukasz L. Stelinski, Roanne Sutherland, Giovanna Tropea Garzia, Mark G. Wright, and Antonio Biondi

Recent reduction in the water level of Lake Victoria has created more habitats for Anopheles funestus, Noboru Minakawa, Gorge Sonye, Gabriel O. Dida, Kyoko Futami, and Satoshi Kaneko

Recilia banda kramer (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a vector of napier stunt phytoplasma in Kenya, Evans Obura, Charles A.O. Midega, Daniel Masiga, John A. Pickett, Mohamed Hassan, Shinsaku Koji, and Zeyaur R. Khan

Recombinant Actifensin and Defensin-d2 Induce Critical Changes in the Proteomes of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, Ifeoluwa D. Gbala, Rosaline W. Macharia, Joel L. Bargul, and Gabriel Magoma

Recombinant DNA probes reveal simultaneous infection of tsetse flies with different trypanosome species, Phelix A.O. Majiwa and Leonard H. Otieno

Recombinant kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) probe for identifying Leishmania tropica, N. N. Massamba and M. J. Mutinga

Reconciling yield gains in agronomic trials with returns under African smallholder conditions, Rachid Laajaj, Karen Macours, Cargele Masso, Moses Thuita, and Bernard Vanlauwe

Record of Eldana saccharina Walker (Lep, Pyralidae) in inland South Africa and its genetic relationship with the coastal population, Y. Assefa, J. Van Den Berg, A. Mitchell, B. P. Le Rü, and D. E. Conlong

Redescription of Helorus ruficornis Förster (Hymenoptera: Heloridae), with a New Synonymy and New Afrotropical Specimen Records, Matthew L. Buffington and Robert S. Copeland

Reducing losses but failing to sequester carbon in soils – the case of Conservation Agriculture and Integrated Soil Fertility Management in the humid tropical agro-ecosystem of Western Kenya, Rolf Sommer, Birthe Katharina Paul, John Mukalama, and Job Kihara

Reduction of banana weevil populations with pseudostem traps, A. M. Koppenhõfer, Seshu K.V. Reddy, and R. A. Sikora

Reduction of initial occurrence of rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) inocula on seeds by microbial and hot water seed treatments, Ibrahim Hashim, Delphine Mamiro, Robert B. Mabagala, and Tadele Tefera

Reduction of insect pest attack on sorghum and cowpea by intercropping, Kwesi Ampong‐Nyarko, K. V.Seshu Reddy, Ruth A. Nyang'or, and K. N. Saxena

Regional and seasonal activity predictions for fall armyworm in Australia, James L. Maino, Rafael Schouten, Kathy Overton, Roger Day, Sunday Ekesi, Bosibori Bett, Madeleine Barton, Peter C. Gregg, Paul A. Umina, and Olivia L. Reynolds

Regulating edible insects: the challenge of addressing food security, nature conservation, and the erosion of traditional food culture, A. Halloran, P. Vantomme, Y. Hanboonsong, and S. Ekesi

Regulation of oviposition in Anopheles gambiae s.s.: Role of inter- and intra-specific signals, Leunita A. Sumba, C. Brandon Ogbunugafor, Arop L. Deng, and Ahmed Hassanali

Rehabilitation practices in cocoa agroforestry systems mitigate outbreaks of termites and support cocoa tree development and yield, Christian T.L. Djuideu, Hervé D.B. Bisseleua, Sévilor Kekeunou, and Felicitas C. Ambele

Reinforcement in hybrids among once isolated semispecies of Danaus chrysippus (L.) and evidence for sex chromosome evolution, David A.S. Smith, Ian J. Gordon, and John A. Allen

Relationship between new farming practices and chemical use and the consumption of giant cricket (Brachytrupes membranaceus Drury, 1770), F. O. Miantsia, F. Meutchieye, and S. Niassy

Relationship between oviposition, virulence gene expression and parasitism success in Cotesia typhae nov. sp. parasitoid strains, R. Benoist, C. Chantre, C. Capdevielle-Dulac, M. Bodet, F. Mougel, P. A. Calatayud, S. Dupas, E. Huguet, R. Jeannette, J. Obonyo, C. Odorico, J. F. Silvain, B. Le Ru, and L. Kaiser

Relationship between planting dates and damage by the legume pod-borer, maruca testulalis (geyer) (lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on cowpea, vigna unguiculata (l) walp in nigeria, S. Ekesi, M. C. Dike, and M. O. Ogunlana

Relationship between virulence and repellency of entomopathogenic isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana to the termite Macrotermes michaelseni, D. M. Mburu, L. Ochola, N. K. Maniania, P. G.N. Njagi, L. M. Gitonga, M. W. Ndung'u, A. K. Wanjoya, and A. Hassanali

Relationships between body size of Anopheles mosquitoes and Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite rates along the Kenya coast, Joseph M. Mwangangi, Charles M. Mbogo, Joseph G. Nzovu, Ephantus W. Kabiru, Henry Mwambi, John I. Githure, and John C. Beier

Relationships between host blood factors and proteases in Glossina morsitans subspecies infected with Trypanosoma congolense, STEVE MIHOK, CHRISTOPHER MACHIKA, NAFISA DARJI, RASTUS K. KANG'ETHE, and LEONARD H. OTIENO

Relationships between nematodes, weevils, banana and plantain cultivars and damage, PAUL R. SPEIJER, WILLIAM J. BUDENBERG, and RICHARD A. SIKORA

Relationships between occurrence of Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) and size and stability of larval habitats, Noboru Minakawa, George Sonye, and Guiyun Yan

Relationships between protease activity, host blood and infection rates in Glossina morsitans sspp. infected with Trypanosoma congolense, T.brucei and T.simiae, STEVE MIHOK, JONATHAN K. STILES, ENOCH MPANGA, and REARDON O. OLUBAYO

Relationships of intercropped maize, stem borer damage to maize yield and land-use efficiency in the humid forest of Cameroon, A. Chabi-Olaye, C. Nolte, F. Schulthess, and C. Borgemeister

Relationships of soil fertility and stem borers damage to yield in maize-based cropping system in Cameroon, Adenirin Chabi-Olaye, Christian Nolte, Fritz Schulthess, and Christian Borgemeister

Relationships of stemborer damage and plant physical conditions to maize yield in a semi-arid zone of eastern kenya, Josephine Moraa Songa, Zhou Guofa, and William Allan Overholt

Relative abundance of adult phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in relation to soil characteristics of their breeding sites in Baringo District, Kenya, M. Basimike, M. J. Mutinga, R. Kumar, and D. Munyinyi

Relative Attractiveness of Anopheles Gambiae Mosquitoes to Synthetic Oduor Blends and Human Emanations, Evelyn Adhiambo Olanga

Relative influence of host, wolbachia, geography and climate on the genetic structure of the sub-saharan parasitic wasp cotesia sesamiae, Antoine Branca, Bruno Le Ru, Paul André Calatayud, Julius Obonyo, Boaz Musyoka, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Laure Kaiser-Arnauld, Jean François Silvain, Jérémy Gauthier, Corentin Paillusson, Philippe Gayral, Elisabeth A. Herniou, and Stéphane Dupas

Relative safety of sprays of two neem insecticides to Diadegma mollipla (Holmgren), a parasitoid of the diamondback moth: Effects on adult longevity and foraging behaviour, A. M. Akol, S. Sithanantham, P. G.N. Njagi, A. Varela, and J. M. Mueke

Release and establishment of Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) an exotic parasitoid of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in East and Southern Africa, Charles O. Omwega, Eric Muchugu, William A. Overholt, and Fritz Schulthess

Release and establishment of Cotesia flavipes for biological control of maize stemborers in Zimbabwe, P. Chinwada, F. Schulthess, W. A. Overholt, P. Jowah, and C. O. Omwega

Release, establishment and spread of the natural enemy Fopius arisanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for control of the invasive oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Benin, West Africa, Désiré Gnanvossou, Rachid Hanna, Aimé H. Bokonon-Ganta, Sunday Ekesi, and Samira A. Mohamed

Release Kinetics Of A Synthetic Tsetse Allomone Based On Waterbuck Odour From A Tygon Silicon Dispenser, Shem Musyoki

Release of cotesia flavipes cameron for biological control of cereal stemborers in two ecological zones in mozambique, D. Cugala, W. A. Overholt, L. Santos, and D. Giga

Reliance on trial and error signal derivation by Portia africana, an araneophagic jumping spider from East Africa, Robert R. Jackson and Ximena J. Nelson

Remote and field level quantification of vegetation covariates for malaria mapping in three rice agro-village complexes in Central Kenya, Benjamin G. Jacob, Ephantus J. Muturi, Joseph M. Mwangangi, Jose Funes, Erick X. Caamano, Simon Muriu, Josephat Shililu, John Githure, and Robert J. Novak

Removing constraints to sustainable food production: new ways to exploit secondary metabolism from companion planting and GM, John A. Pickett, Charles A.O. Midega, Jimmy Pittchar, and Zeyaur R. Khan

Repeated copulation and testes enlargement in Macrotermes michaelseni, R. SIEBER and R. H. LEUTHOLD

Repellence and fumigant toxicity of essential oils of Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum kilimandscharicum on Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), Flaure Rosette Ehawa Essoung, Alain Tcho Tadjong, Sumesh Chander Chhabra, Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed, and Ahmed Hassanali

Repellence of the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus by the grass Melinis minutiflora, Esther N. Mwangi, S. Essuman, G. P. Kaaya, E. Nyandat, D. Munyinyi, and M. G. Kimondo

Repellency and Composition of Essential Oils of Selected Ethnobotanical Plants Used in Western Kenya against Bites of Anopheles gambiae Sensu Stricto, David O. Ywaya, Michael A. Birkett, John A. Pickett, John B. Ochola, Lwande Wilber, Benson M. Wachira, Ahmed Hassanali, and Margaret M. Ng’ang’a

Repellency Efficacy of Essential Oils of Selected Plants Growing in western Kenya and their Eag-active Constituent Blends against Anopheles Gambiae, David Otieno Ywaya

Repellency of essential oils of some Kenyan plants against Anopheles gambiae, Maurice O. Omolo, Denis Okinyo, Isaiah O. Ndiege, Wilber Lwande, and Ahmed Hassanali

Repellency of essential oils of some plants from the Kenyan coast against Anopheles gambiae, Josiah O. Odalo, Maurice O. Omolo, Hamisi Malebo, John Angira, Patrick M. Njeru, Isaiah O. Ndiege, and Ahmed Hassanali

Repellency of live potted plants against Anopheles gambiae from human baits in semi-field experimental huts, Aklilu Seyoum, Ephantus W. Kabiru, Wilber Lwande, Gerry F. Killeen, Ahmed Hassanali, and Bart G.J. Knols

Repellency of plant extracts against the legume flower thrips megalurothrips sjostedti (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), Andnet Abtew, Sevgan Subramanian, Xavier Cheseto, Serge Kreiter, Giovanna Tropea Garzia, and Thibaud Martin

Repellency of tsetse-refractory waterbuck (Kobus defassa) body odour to Glossina pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae): Assessment of relative contribution of different classes and individual constituents, Mathew K. Bett, Rajinder K. Saini, and Ahmed Hassanali

Repellency of Wild Oregano Plant Volatiles, Plectranthus Amboinicus, and Their Essential Oils to the Silverleaf Whitefly, Bemisia Tabaci, on Tomato, Cyrane Pouët, Emilie Deletre, and Béatrice Rhino

Repellency Potential of Tomato Herbivore-Induced Volatiles Against the Greenhouse Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), L. H. Otieno

Repellency Potential of Tomato Herbivore-Induced Volatiles Against the Greenhouse Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), Emilie Deletre, Francis Kiamba Matu, Lucy Kananu Murungi, and Samira Mohamed

Repellent activities of essential oils of some plants used traditionally to control the brown ear tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Wycliffe Wanzala, Ahmed Hassanali, Wolfgang Richard Mukabana, and Willem Takken

Repellent activities of stereoisomers of p-menthane-3,8-diols Against anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae), Stephen S. Barasa, Isaiah O. Ndiege, Wilber Lwande, and Ahmed Hassanali

Repellent activity of catmint, Nepeta cataria, and iridoid nepetalactone isomers against Afro-tropical mosquitoes, ixodid ticks and red poultry mites, Michael A. Birkett, Ahmed Hassanali, Solveig Hoglund, Jan Pettersson, and John A. Pickett

Repellent activity of Cymbopogon citratus and Tagetes minuta and their specific volatiles against Megalurothrips sjostedti, Seydou Diabate, Thibaud Martin, Lucy Kananu Murungi, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Sevgan Subramanian, John Wesonga, and Emilie Deletre

Repellent and acaricidal properties of Ocimum suave against Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks, Esther N. Mwangi, Ahmed Hassanali, Suliman Essuman, Edward Myandat, Lambert Moreka, and Mark Kimondo

Repellent effect of alphacypermethrin-treated netting against bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), T. Martin, A. Kamal, E. Gogo, M. Saidi, E. Delétré, R. Bonafos, S. Simon, and M. Ngouajio

Repellent effect of alphacypermethrin-treated netting against bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), Lucie M. Rogo

Repellent, irritant and toxic effects of 20 plant extracts on adults of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae mosquito, Emilie Deletre, Thibaud Martin, Pascal Campagne, Denis Bourguet, Andy Cadin, Chantal Menut, Romain Bonafos, and Fabrice Chandre

Repellent properties of δ-octalactone against the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans, Martin T. Mwangi, Nicholas K. Gikonyo, and Isaiah O. Ndiege

Repetitive dengue outbreaks in East Africa: A proposed phased mitigation approach may reduce its impact, Marycelin Baba, Jandouwe Villinger, and Daniel K. Masiga

Representation of different exact numbers of prey by a spider-eating predator, Fiona R. Cross and Robert R. Jackson

Reproductive abnormality and loss in natural populations of Glossina pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Kenya, D. A. Turner and W. F. Snow

Reproductive compatibility of several East and West African Cotesia sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) populations and their crosses and backcrosses using Sesamia calamistis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as the host, Saka Gounou, Adenirin Chabi-Olaye, Hans Michael Poehling, and Fritz Schulthess

Reproductive isolation and differentiation between five populations of Cotesia plutellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), parasitoid of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), Claudia Rincon, Dominique Bordat, Bernhard Löhr, and Stéphane Dupas

Reproductive performance and population dynamics of cowpea aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on leaf extracts of resistant and susceptible cowpeas, I. Billy Annan, Ward M. Tingey, George A. Schaefers, and Kailash N. Saxena

Reproductive responses of Iphiseius degenerans and Neoseiulus teke (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to changes in the density of the cassava green mite, Mononychellus tanajoa (Acari: Tetranychidae), F. E. Nwilene and G. Nachman

Repurposing the orphan drug nitisinone to control the transmission of African trypanosomiasis, Marcos Sterkel, Lee R. Haines, Aitor Casas-Sánchez, Vincent Owino Adung'a, Raquel J. Vionette-Amaral, Shannon Quek, Clair Rose, Mariana Silva dos Santos, Natalia García Escude, Hanafy M. Ismail, Mark I. Paine, Seth M. Barribeau, Simon Wagstaff, James I. MacRae, Daniel Masiga, Laith Yakob, Pedro L. Oliveira, and Álvaro Acosta-Serrano

Research and development of a weighted most recent common ancester algorithm for metagenomic taxonomic assignment, Hellen Butungi

Research on african medicinal plants - X¹ 1 Part IX: J.D. Msonthi, C. Galeffi. M. Nicoletti, I. Messana and G.B. Marini Bettolo, Phytochemistry, submitted to. Glucosides of Hypoxis nyasica bak. the structure of nyasoside, a new glucoside biologically related to hypoxoside, G. B. Marini-Bettolo, M. Nicoletti, I. Messana, C. Galeffi, J. D. Msonthi, and W. A. Chapya

Research strategies to catalyze agroecological transitions in low- and middle-income countries, Sarah K. Jones, Nadia Bergamini, Francesca Beggi, Didier Lesueur, Barbara Vinceti, Arwen Bailey, Fabrice A. DeClerck, Natalia Estrada-Carmona, Carlo Fadda, Etienne M. Hainzelin, Danny Hunter, Chris Kettle, Job Kihara, Abdel Kader Naino Jika, Mirjam Pulleman, Roseline Remans, Celine Termote, Tobias Fremout, Evert Thomas, Louis Verchot, and Marcela Quintero

Residual contact toxicity and repellence of Cupressus lusitanica Miller and Eucalyptus saligna Smith essential oils against major stored product insect pests, Philip K. Bett, Arop L. Deng, Joshua O. Ogendo, Samuel T. Kariuki, Maud Kamatenesi-Mugisha, Joel M. Mihale, and Baldwyn Torto

Residual Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia in kenyan children after artemisinin-combination therapy is associated with increased transmission to mosquitoes and parasite recurrence, Khalid B. Beshir, Colin J. Sutherland, Patrick Sawa, Chris J. Drakeley, Lucy Okell, Collins K. Mweresa, Sabah A. Omar, Seif A. Shekalaghe, Harparkash Kaur, Arnold Ndaro, Jaffu Chilongola, Henk D.F.H. Schallig, Robert W. Sauerwein, Rachel L. Hallett, and Teun Bousema

Resistance in cattle against Rhipicephalus appendiculatus with an assessment of cross-resistance to R. pulchellus (Acari: Ixodidae), J. J. De Castro, R. M. Newson, and I. V. Herbert

Resistance in certain maize cultivars to first and third‐instar Chilo partellus larvae, H. Kumar and K. N. Saxena

Resistance of early midgut stages of natural Plasmodium falciparum parasites to high temperatures in experimentally infected Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae), Bernard A. Okech, Louis C. Gouagna, Ephantus W. Kabiru, Elizabeth Walczak, John C. Beier, Guiyun Yan, and John I. Githure

Resistance status of the tobacco spider mite ( Tetranychus evans1) to currently recommended acaricides on tomatoes ( Lycopersicon lycopersicum) and the effects of these acaricides on natural enemies of vegetable pests, Judith Kwaramba Rowena

Resistance of sesbania accessions to mesoplatys ochroptera stål (coleopterai chrysomelidae), G. Sileshi, C. K.P.O. Ogol, S. Sithanantham, M. R. Rao, J. Baumgärtner, J. A. Maghembe, and P. L. Mafongoya

Resistance risks of Bt cotton and their management in Brazil, G. P. Fitt, C. Omoto, A. De H.N. Maia, J. M. Waquil, M. Caprio, M. A. Okech, E. Cia, Nguyen Huu Huan, and David A. Andow

Resistance to Iris yellow spot virus and onion thrips among onion varieties grown in Kenya, R. K. Birithia, S. Subramanian, J. W. Muthomi, and R. D. Narla

Resistance to Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi in immunosuppressed rabbits, B. C. Njau

Resistance to tetranychus evansi in lycopersicon esculentum × L. hirsutum var. glabratum hybrids, E. N. Wosula, M. Knapp, and S. G. Agong

Resolution of the identity of ‘candidatus liberibacter’ species from huanglongbing-affected citrus in East Africa, Ronel Roberts, Glynnis Cook, Tim G. Grout, Fathiya Khamis, Ivan Rwomushana, Peterson W. Nderitu, Zuberi Seguni, Christopher L. Materu, Chanel Steyn, Gerhard Pietersen, Sunday Ekesi, and Hendrick F. le Roux

Resolution of three cryptic agricultural pests (Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa, Diptera: Tephritidae) using cuticular hydrocarbon profiling, L. Vaníčková, M. Virgilio, A. Tomčala, R. Břízová, S. Ekesi, M. Hoskovec, B. Kalinová, R. R. Do Nascimento, and M. De Meyer

Resolving taxonomic ambiguity and cryptic speciation of Hypotrigona species through morphometrics and DNA barcoding, Nelly N. Ndungu, Kiatoko Nkoba, Catherine L. Sole, Christian W.W. Pirk, A. Yusuf Abdullahi, Suresh K. Raina, and Daniel K. Masiga

Resolving the taxonomic status of Frankliniella schultzei (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) colour forms in Kenya - A morphological-, biological-, molecular- and ecological-based approach, M. W. Gikonyo, S. Niassy, G. B. Moritz, F. M. Khamis, E. Magiri, and S. Subramanian

Resource allocation and bionomics of indigenous and exotic Cotesia (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) species reared on Sesamia calamistis, Y. Hailemichael, F. Schulthess, J. Smith, W. Overholt, and A. Chabi-Olaye

Resource saving and productivity enhancing impacts of crop management innovation packages in Ethiopia, Moti Jaleta, Menale Kassie, Kindie Tesfaye, Tilaye Teklewold, Pradyot Ranjan Jena, Paswel Marenya, and Olaf Erenstein

Response of a wild-type and modern cowpea cultivars to arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation in sterilized and non-sterilized soil, Marjorie Bonareri Oruru, Ezekiel Mugendi Njeru, Remy Pasquet, and Steve Runo

Response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to nitrogen, phosphorus and rhizobia inoculation across variable soils in Zimbabwe, Vongai Chekanai, Regis Chikowo, and Bernard Vanlauwe

Response of ground-dwelling arthropods to a 'push-pull' habitat management system: Spiders as an indicator group, C. A.O. Midega, Z. R. Khan, J. Van Den Berg, C. K.P.O. Ogol, A. S. Dippenaar-Schoeman, J. A. Pickett, and L. J. Wadhams

Response of maize stemborers and associated parasitoids to the spread of grasses in the rainforest zone of Kisangani, DR Congo: effect on stemborers biological control, Onésime M. Kankonda, Benjamin D. Akaibe, Ntambo M. Sylvain, and Bruno Pierre Le Ru

Response of some mango-infesting fruit flies to aqueous solutions of the basil plant Ocimum tenuiflorum L, Saliou Niassy, Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed, Xavier Cheseto, Evanson Rigan Omuse, John Bwire Ochola, Fathiya Mbarak Khamis, Boubacar Badji, Sheppard Ndlela, Levi Ombura, Noelah Leah Okun, David Mfuti Kupesa, Thomas Dubois, Yeneneh Taye Belayneh, Sevgan Subramanian, and Sunday Ekesi

Responses of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) and other Diptera to carbon dioxide in linear and dense forests, M. M. Mohamed-Ahmed and S. Mihok

Responses of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes to visually attractive stationary devices baited with 4-methylguaiacol and certain repellent compounds in waterbuck odour, Njelembo J. Mbewe, Rajinder K. Saini, Janet Irungu, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Christian W.W. Pirk, and Baldwyn Torto

Responses of Glossina morsitans morsitans to blends of electroantennographically active compounds in the odors of its preferred (buffalo and ox) and nonpreferred (waterbuck) hosts, Nicholas K. Gikonyo, Ahmed Hassanali, Peter G.N. Njagi, and Rajinder K. Saini

Responses of Ground-Dwelling Arthropods to Long-Term Prescribed Fire Regimes in a Savanna-Protected Area, Ludzula Mukwevho, Mduduzi Ndlovu, Gerald Chikowore, Tatenda Dalu, Reyard Mutamiswa, and Frank Chidawanyika

Responses of maruca testulalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae to variably resistant cowpea cultivars, Suleman H.O. Okech and K. N. Saxena

Responses of nymphs of desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria to volatiles of plants used as rearing diet, Peter George N. Njagi and Baldwyn Torto

Responses of Parasitoids to Volatiles Induced by Chilo partellus Oviposition on Teosinte, a Wild Ancestor of Maize, Daniel M. Mutyambai, Toby J.A. Bruce, Charles A.O. Midega, Christine M. Woodcock, John C. Caulfield, Johnnie Van Den Berg, John A. Pickett, and Zeyaur R. Khan

Responses of stemborer Chilo partellus to volatiles emitted by maize landraces exposed to signal grass (Brachiaria brizantha), Henlay J.O. Magara, Daniel M. Mutyambai, Midega A.O. Charles, Syprine A. Otieno, Teresia M. Nyaga, Saliou Niassy, and Zeyaur R. Khan

Responses of the African Armyworm and three species of borers to carbohydrates and phenolic substances: an electro‐ and behavioural physiological study, C. J. Den Otter

Responses of the ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus compactus (Coleoptera: Curculionidea: Scolytinae) to volatile constituents of its symbiotic fungus Fusarium solani (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae), James Peter Egonyu and Baldwyn Torto

Responses of the blister beetle Hycleus apicicornis to visual stimuli, Lefulesele N. Lebesa, Zeyaur R. Khan, Ahmed Hassanali, John A. Pickett, Toby J.A. Bruce, Matthew Skellern, and Kerstin Krüger

Responses of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) to different host plants: Implications for its management strategy, Birhanu Sisay, Subramanian Sevgan, Christopher W. Weldon, Kerstin Krüger, Baldwyn Torto, and Amanuel Tamiru

Responses of the stem borer larval endoparasitoid Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to plant derived synomones: Laboratory and field cage experiments, Esther N. Ngumbi, Adele J. Ngi-Song, Eliud N.M. Njagi, Rita Torto, Lester J. Wadhams, Michael A. Birkett, John A. Pickett, William A. Overholt, and Baldwyn Torto

Responses To Pyrethroids In Heavy Metal Tolerant Anopheles Gambiae Vector Of Malaria, Fauzia Khagai Musasia

Response to climate risks among smallholder farmers in Malawi: A multivariate probit assessment of the role of information, household demographics, and farm characteristics, Chalmers Mulwa, Paswel Marenya, Dil Bahadur Rahut, and Menale Kassie

Restoring functional integrity of the global production ecosystem through biological control, Kris A.G. Wyckhuys, Baogen Gu, Ibtissem Ben Fekih, Robert Finger, Mark Kenis, Yanhui Lu, Sevgan Subramanian, Fiona H.M. Tang, Donald C. Weber, Wei Zhang, and Buyung A.R. Hadi

Restricting pesticides on a traditional crop: The example of Khat (Catha Edulis) and the Njuri Ncheke of Meru, Kenya, James S. Krueger and Daniel M. Mutyambai

Retraction notice to “Biotransfer of heavy metals along the soil-plant-edible insect-human food chain in Africa” [Sci. Total Environ. 881(2023) 163150] (Science of the Total Environment (2023) 881, (S0048969723017692), (10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163150)), Susan Mwelwa, Donald Chungu, Frank Tailoka, Dennis Beesigamukama, and Chrysantus Tanga

Returns to research and outreach for integrated pest management of western flower thrips infesting French bean and tomato in Kenya, E. A. Mujuka, H. Affognon, B. W. Muriithi, S. Subramanian, P. Irungu, and J. Mburu

Review article: Sociocultural and economic dimensions of Rift Valley Fever, Geoffrey Otieno Muga, Washington Onyango-Ouma, Rosemary Sang, and Hippolyte Affognon

Reviewing entomophagy in the Democratic Republic of Congo: species and host plant diversity, seasonality, patterns of consumption and challenges of the edible insect sector, M. P. Nsevolo, N. Kiatoko, M. B. Kambashi, F. Francis, and R. Caparros Megido

Review – Insect farming for food and feed in the Global South: Focus on black soldier fly production, K. B. Barragán-Fonseca, D. Gómez, C. H. Lalander, D. Dzepe, and S. Y. Chia

Revision of dvivarnus (Scelionidae, Teleasinae), Elijah J. Talamas, István Mikó, and Robert S. Copeland

Revision of the endemic African genus Dinapsis (Dinapsini, Megalyridae, Hymenoptera) with description of seven new species, Simon van Noort, Scott Richard Shaw, and Robert S. Copeland

Revisiting the taxonomy and molecular systematics of Sesamia stemborers (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Apameini: Sesamiina): updated classification and comparative evaluation of species delimitation methods, Noémie M.C. Hévin, Gael J. Kergoat, Alberto Zilli, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Boaz K. Musyoka, Michel Sezonlin, Desmond Conlong, Johnnie Van Den Berg, Rose Ndemah, Philippe Le Gall, Domingos Cugala, Casper Nyamukondiwa, Beatrice Pallangyo, Mohamedi Njaku, Muluken Goftishu, Yoseph Assefa, Onésime Mubenga Kandonda, Grégoire Bani, Richard Molo, Gilson Chipabika, George Ong’amo, Anne Laure Clamens, Jérôme Barbut, and Bruno Le Ru

Rhabditis (Oscheius) colombiana n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae), a necromenic associate of the subterranean burrower bug Cyrtomenus bergi (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) from the Cauca Valley, Colombia, S. Patricia Stock, Ana M. Caicedo, and Paul A. Calatayud

Rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes sp.) larvae as a nutrient rich delicacy: a comparison of nutrient profiles from four counties in western Kenya, J. P. Egonyu, R. R. Olubowa, C. M. Tanga, X. Cheseto, and S. Subramanian

Rhythmic pulses of haemolymph pressure associated with parturition and ovulation in the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans, DAVID L. DENLINGER and JAN ŽĎÁREK

Rice volatiles lure gravid malaria mosquitoes, Anopheles arabiensis, Betelehem Wondwosen, Göran Birgersson, Emiru Seyoum, Habte Tekie, Baldwyn Torto, Ulrike Fillinger, Sharon R. Hill, and Rickard Ignell

Ring A-seco mosquito larvicidal limonoids from Turraea wakefieldii, Mary Ndung'U, Ahmed Hassanali, Antony M. Hooper, Sumesh Chhabra, Thomas A. Miller, Rowena L. Paul, and Baldwyn Torto

Ripe coffee berry volatiles repel second instar nymphs of Antestia bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Antestiopsis thunbergii), Teresiah N. Njihia, Baldwyn Torto, Lucy K. Murungi, Janet Irungu, Dickson M. Mwenda, and Régis Babin

Risk assessment and spread of the potentially invasive Ceratitis rosa Karsch and Ceratitis quilicii De Meyer, Mwatawala & Virgilio sp. Nov. using life-cycle simulation models: Implications for phytosanitary measures and management, Chrysantus Mbi Tanga, Fathiya Mbarak Khamis, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Ivan Rwomushana, Gladys Mosomtai, Samira A. Mohamed, and Sunday Ekesi

Risk assessment of urban yellow fever virus transmission in Kenya: is Aedes aegypti an efficient vector?, Sheila B. Agha, David P. Tchouassi, Michael J. Turell, Armanda D.S. Bastos, and Rosemary Sang

Role of conspecifics and personal experience on behavioral avoidance of contaminated flowers by bumblebees, Bertrand Fouks, Emily G. Robb, and H. Michael G. Lattorff

Role of egg-laying behavior, virulence and local adaptation in a parasitoid's chances of reproducing in a new host, R. Benoist, S. Paquet, F. Decourcelle, J. Guez, R. Jeannette, P. A. Calatayud, B. Le Ru, F. Mougel, and L. Kaiser

Role of entomopathogenic fungi in the control of Tetranychus evansi and Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), pests of horticultural crops, Nguya K. Maniania, David M. Bugeme, Vitalis W. Wekesa, Italo Delalibera, and Markus Knapp

Role of inland valleys in the management of stem borers and their natural enemies in upland maize fields in the humid forest zone of Cameroon, Adenirin Chabi-Olaye, Christian Nolte, Fritz Schulthess, and Christian Borgemeister

Role of microsatellite markers in molecular population genetics of fruit flies with emphasis on the Bactrocera dorsalis invasion of Africa, Fathiya M. Khamis and Anna R. Malacrida

Role of multilateral development organizations, public and private investments in aquaculture subsector in Kenya, Jonathan M. Munguti, Kevin O. Obiero, Jacob O. Iteba, James G. Kirimi, Domitila N. Kyule, Paul S. Orina, Cecilia M. Githukia, Nicholas Outa, Erick O. Ogello, Jimmy B. Mboya, Kevin O. Ouko, David Liti, Rodrigue Yossa, and Chrysantus M. Tanga

Role of Plant Metabolites in Mediating Host Selection and Oviposition of Busseola Fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Gerald Juma

Role of native bees and natural habitats in eggplant (Solanum melongena) pollination in Kenya, Barbara Gemmill-Herren and Alfred O. Ochieng'

Role of plant volatiles in resistance of selected rice varieties to brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), R. C. Saxena and S. H. Okech

Role of volatiles emitted by host and non-host plants in the foraging behaviour of Dentichasmias busseolae, a pupal parasitoid of the spotted stemborer Chilo partellus, Linnet S. Gohole, William A. Overholt, Zeyaur R. Khan, and Louise E.M. Vet

Root endophytic status of west African biocontrol agents and implications for root-knot nematode management, A. Affokpon, A. C. Djihinto, E. N.D. Coffi, D. L. Coyne, and J. Coosemans

Root Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne Incognita) Interaction with Selected Asteraceae Plants and their Potential use for Nematode Management, Sydney Mwamba

Root exudate chemical cues of an invasive plant modulate oviposition behavior and survivorship of a malaria mosquito vector, Trizah K. Milugo, David P. Tchouassi, Reginald A. Kavishe, Rhoel R. Dinglasan, and Baldwyn Torto

Royal jelly production in East Africa: Performance potential of the honey bees, apis mellifera scutellata and apis mellifera monticola in Kenya, E. M. Muli, S. K. Raina, and J. M. Mueke

Sacred sites as hotspots for biodiversity: The Three Sisters Cave complex in coastal Kenya, Kristian Metcalfe, Richard Ffrench-Constant, and Ian Gordon

Safety, regulatory and environmental issues related to breeding and international trade of edible insects in Africa, S. Niassy, E. R. Omuse, N. Roos, A. Halloran, J. Eilenberg, J. P. Egonyu, C. Tanga, F. Meutchieye, R. Mwangi, S. Subramanian, R. Musundire, P. O.Y. Nkunika, J. P. Anankware, J. Kinyuru, A. Yusuf, and S. Ekesi

Salivary α-amylase of stem borer hosts determines host recognition and acceptance for oviposition by Cotesia spp. (Hymenoptera, braconidae), Gladys B. Bichang'a, Jean Luc Da Lage, Kevin Sambai, Simon Mule, Bruno Le Ru, Laure Kaiser, Gerald Juma, Esther N. Maina, and Paul André Calatayud

Sampling adult populations of anopheles mosquitoes, Julie Anne A. Tangena, Alexandra Hiscox, and Paul T. Brey

Sampling African malaria vectors using limburger cheese and 'milk cream' as odour baits, Eunice Anyango Owino

Sand fly–associated phlebovirus with evidence of neutralizing antibodies in humans, Kenya, David P. Tchouassi, Marco Marklewitz, Edith Chepkorir, Florian Zirkel, Sheila B. Agha, Caroline C. Tigoi, Edith Koskei, Christian Drosten, Christian Borgemeister, Baldwyn Torto, Sandra Junglen, and Rosemary Sang

Sandfly Blood-Feeding Habits and Competence in Transmitting Ntepes Virus, a Recently Discovered Member of the Genus Phlebovirus, Epaphrus Yuko, Rosemary Sang, Eunice A. Owino, Johnstone Ingonga, Damaris Matoke-Muhia, Iman B. Hassaballa, Sandra Junglen, and David P. Tchouassi

Satellite-based modelling of potential tsetse (Glossina pallidipes) breeding and foraging sites using teneral and non-teneral fly occurrence data, Stella Gachoki, Thomas Groen, Anton Vrieling, Michael Okal, Andrew Skidmore, and Daniel Masiga

Saurian malaria in Kenya: Epidemiological features of malarial infections in lizard populations of the West Pokot District, Mutuku J. Mutinga and Olusegun O. Dipeolu

Scaling Climate Information Services and Climate Smart Agriculture through Bundled Business Models, Desire M. Kagabo, Livingstone Byandaga, Patrick Gatsinzi, Patrick Mvuyibwami, Yvonne U. Munyangeri, Nasson Ntwari, and Mathieu Ouedraogo

Scaling models for Regreening Africa: enhancing agroecological integration through smallholders’ assets and agency in Kenya, Lisa Elena Fuchs, Levi Orero, Lang’at Kipkorir, Victoria Apondi, and Sulman Olieko Owili

Scanning electron microscope study of the morphology of the reptilian lung: The savanna monitor lizard varanus exanthematicus and the pancake tortoise malacochersus tornieri, J. N. Maina, G. M.O. Maloiy, C. N. Warui, E. K. Njogu, and E. D. Kokwaro

Scattered shade trees improve low-input smallholder Arabica coffee productivity in the Northern Lake Kivu region of Rwanda, F. Pinard, J. M. Boffa, and E. Rwakagara

Science-based decision support for formulating crop fertilizer recommendations in sub-Saharan Africa, Jairos Rurinda, Shamie Zingore, Jibrin M. Jibrin, Tesfaye Balemi, Kenneth Masuki, Jens A. Andersson, Mirasol F. Pampolino, Ibrahim Mohammed, James Mutegi, Alpha Y. Kamara, Bernard Vanlauwe, and Peter Q. Craufurd

Scientific validation of plant extracts used by farmers in the management of bean flower thrips on French beans in Kenya, Nancy Mwende Munyoki, James Muthomi, Dora Kilalo, David Bautze, Milka Kiboi, Edwin Mwangi, Edward Karanja, Felix Matheri, Noah Adamtey, Komivi S. Akutse, and Xavier Cheseto

Scope for genetic enhancement of the parasitisation potential of four native strains of Trichogrammatoidea sp. nr. lutea Girault (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in Kenya, Joseph M. Baya, Srinivasan Sithanantham, Linus M. Gitonga, Ellie O. Osir, and Stephen G. Agong'

Screenhouse transmission of Beauveria bassiana from infected to non-infected adults of banana weevil, C. A. Omukoko, J. M. Wesonga, E. M. Kahangi, L. S. Wamocho, and K. N. Maniania

Screenhouse trials on the potential of Nosema marucae for the control of Chilo partellus, M. O. Odindo

Screening and isolation of Î³-hexachlorocyclohexane degrading bacteria from contaminated soil in Kenya, Irene N. Githinji

Screening for highly effective isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis against Spodoptera exempta and Spodoptera littoralis, M. Hamal, M. Brownbridge, M. Broza, and B. Sneh

Screening for resistance against major lepidopteran and stem weevil pests of amaranth in Tanzania, S. T.O. Othim, R. Srinivasan, R. Kahuthia-Gathu, T. Dubois, F. F. Dinssa, S. Ekesi, and K. K.M. Fiaboe

Screening Mosquitoes for Rift Valley Fever Virus and Blood Meal Sources during the 2006/2007 Outbreak in Kenya, David Omondi Ouma

Screening Napier grass accessions for resistance to Napier grass stunt disease using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA (LAMP), N. I.E. Wamalwa, C. A.O. Midega, S. Ajanga, N. E. Omukunda, F. N. Muyekho, G. O. Asudi, M. Mulaa, and R. K. Zeyaur

Screening of East African Plants for Antimicrobial Activity. I, Makoto Taniguchi, Andrew Chapya, Isao Kubo, and Koji Nakanishi

Screening of exotic and locally isolated Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) strains in Kenya for toxicity to the spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe), M. Brownbridge and T. Onyango

Screening of selected medicinal plants for novel female regulating agents, H. Osore

Screening recently identified whitefly/spider mite-resistant wild tomato accessions for resistance to Tuta absoluta, Mohamed Rakha, Never Zekeya, Subramanian Sevgan, Muia Musembi, Srinivasan Ramasamy, and Peter Hanson

Screening the immunotoxicity of different food preservative agents on the model organism Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae, Emine Duman Erbaş, Rehemah Gwokyalya, Hülya Altuntaş, and Bilal Kutrup

Screening tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) accessions for resistance to the twospotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch: Population growth studies, Markus Knapp, Debora Apiyo Mugada, and Stephen Gaya Agong

Search for effective natural enemies of Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae) in northwest Argentina, Imeuda P. Furtado, Silvana Toledo, Gilberto J. De Moraes, Serge Kreiter, and Markus Knapp

Search for effective natural enemies of Tetranychus evansi in south and southeast Brazil, Imeuda P. Furtado, Gilberto J. De Moraes, Serge Kreiter, and Markus Knapp

Seasonal Abundance of Amaranth Lepidopteran Defoliators and the Role of Indigenous Parasitoids and Phenylacetaldehyde in their Control in Nairobi County, Kenya, Stephen Tarmogin Othim Omburo

Seasonal abundance of Maiestas banda (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a vector of phytoplasma, and other leafhoppers and planthoppers (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) associated with Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) in Kenya, Shinsaku Koji, Satoshi Fujinuma, Charles A.O. Midega, Hassan M. Mohamed, Tadashi Ishikawa, Michael R. Wilson, Manfred Asche, Simon Degelo, Tarô Adati, John A. Pickett, and Zeyaur R. Khan

Seasonal abundance of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) and diversity of its parasitoids along altitudinal gradients of the eastern Afromontane, Benignus Valentine Ngowi, Henri Edouardo Zefack Tonnang, Fathiya Khamis, Evans Mungai Mwangi, Brigitte Nyambo, Paul Nduati Ndegwa, and Sevgan Subramanian

Seasonal abundance of western flower thrips and its natural enemies in different French bean agroecosystems in Kenya, J. O. Nyasani, R. Meyhöfer, S. Subramanian, and H. M. Poehling

Seasonal abundance, vector behavior, and malaria parasite transmission in Eritrea, Josephat Shililu, Tewolde Ghebremeskel, Fessahaye Seulu, Solomon Mengistu, Helen Fekadu, Mehari Zerom, G. E. Asmelash, David Sintasath, Charles Mbogo, John Githure, Eugene Brantly, John C. Beier, and Robert J. Novak

Seasonal Activity of the Sorghum Shootfly Atherigona Soccata (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), KENUEL OGWARO

Seasonal and elevational changes of plant-pollinator interaction networks in East African mountains, Fairo F. Dzekashu, Christian W.W. Pirk, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Alice Classen, Nkoba Kiatoko, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter, Marcell K. Peters, and H. Michael G. Lattorff

Seasonal and environmental dynamics of intra-urban freshwater habitats and their influence on the abundance of Bulinus snail host of Schistosoma haematobium in the Tiko endemic focus, Mount Cameroon region, Godlove Bunda Wepnje, Marcell K. Peters, Adeline Enjema Green, Tingmi Emparo Nkuizin, Daniel Brice Nkontcheu Kenko, Fairo F. Dzekashu, Helen Kuokuo Kimbi, and Judith Kuoh Anchang-Kimbi

Seasonality in mature nests of the termite Macrotermes michaelseni in Kenya, J. P.E.C. Darlington

Seasonal occurrence of amaranth Lepidopteran defoliators and effect of attractants and amaranth lines in their management, S. T.O. Othim, R. Kahuthia-Gathu, K. S. Akutse, C. N. Foba, and K. K.M. Fiaboe

Seasonal variation and characterisation of pollen collected by honeybee Apis mellifera scutellata Lepeletier in southwest Ethiopia, Dereje Tulu, Shiferaw Temteme, Melkam Aleme, Ararsa Bogale, Amsalu Bezabeh, Tadele Tefera, and Esayas Mendesil

Seasonal variation in the essential oil composition of Commiphora quadricincta and its effect on the maturation of immature adults of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, Y. O.H. Assad, B. Torto, A. Hassanali, P. G.N. Njagi, N. H.H. Bashir, and H. Mahamat

Seasonal variation in the physical characteristics of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus) along the North Atlantic, A. A. Yusuf and L. Webster

Seasonal Variations of Spodoptera frugiperda Host Plant Diversity and Parasitoid Complex in Southern and Central Benin, Jeannette K. Winsou, Ghislain T. Tepa-Yotto, Karl H. Thunes, Richard Meadow, Manuele Tamò, and May Guri Sæthre

Season and Soil Moisture Effect on Movement, Survival, and Distribution of Cyrtomenus bergi (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) within the Soil Profile, Lisbeth Riis and Peter Esbjerg

Secondary Contact and Admixture between Independently Invading Populations of the Western Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera in Europe, Gérald Bermond, Marc Ciosi, Eric Lombaert, Aurélie Blin, Marco Boriani, Lorenzo Furlan, Stefan Toepfer, and Thomas Guillemaud

Secretory discharge and microflora of milk gland in tsetse flies, Wei Chun Ma and David L. Denlinger

Seed Quality and Mycoflora Associated with Chickpea (Cicer Arientinum L.) Seed in Ethiopia, G. Getaneh, T. Tefera, F. Lemmessa, S. Ahmed, and A. Zewudie

Selection for drug resistance in Trypanosoma congolense during cyclic transmissions through Glossina morsitans morsitans and drug treated rabbits, J. H.P. Nyeko, T. K. Golder, and L. H. Otieno

Selection in maize (Zea mays L.) for resistance to the spotted stem borer (Chilo partellus (Swinhoe)), S. O. Ajala, K. N. Saxena, and P. Chiliswa

Selection of biting sites on a human host by Anopheles gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis and An. quadriannulatus, Teun Dekker, Willem Takken, Bart G.J. Knols, Edwin Bouman, Stephan Van De Laak, Arjan De Bever, and Piet W.T. Huisman

Selection of fungal isolates for virulence against three aphid pest species of crucifers and okra, W. Bayissa, S. Ekesi, S. A. Mohamed, G. P. Kaaya, J. M. Wagacha, R. Hanna, and N. K. Maniania

Selection of promising fungal biological control agent of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), S. Niassy, N. K. Maniania, S. Subramanian, L. M. Gitonga, D. M. Mburu, D. Masiga, and S. Ekesi

Selection of virulent isolates of entomopathogenic hyphomycetes against Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål. and evaluation in cage experiment using three cowpea varieties, S. Ekesi

Selective lure for Bactrocera dorsalis based on shared palpal and antennal responses across three economically important tephritid species, Tibebe Dejene Biasazin, Raphael Njurai Miano, Xavier Cheseto, Shepard Ndlela, Samira A. Mohamed, and Teun Dekker

Selective monobenzoylation of 1, 2-diols in water, Julius William Mwenda

Self-reported malaria and mosquito avoidance in relation to household risk factors in a Kenyan coastal city, Joseph Keating, Kate MacIntyre, Charles M. Mbogo, John I. Githure, and John C. Beier

Semi-captive rearing of the African wild silkmoth Gonometa postica (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) on an indigenous and a non-indigenous host plant in Kenya, Boniface M. Ngoka, Esther N. Kioko, Suresh K. Raina, Jones M. Mueke, and David M. Kimbu

Semiochemicals from anal exudate of larvae of tsetse flies Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and G. morsitans centralis Machado attract gravid females, David E. Leonard and R. K. Saini

Semiochemicals from froth of egg pods attract ovipositing female Schistocerca gregaria, R. K. Saini, M. M. Rai, A. Hassanali, J. Wawiye, and H. Odongo

Semiochemicals from Herbivory Induced Cotton Plants Enhance the Foraging Behavior of the Cotton Boll Weevil, Anthonomus grandis, D. M. Magalhães, M. Borges, R. A. Laumann, E. R. Sujii, P. Mayon, J. C. Caulfield, C. A.O. Midega, Z. R. Khan, J. A. Pickett, M. A. Birkett, and M. C. Blassioli-Moraes

Semiochemical signatures associated with differential attraction of Anopheles gambiae to human feet, Maurice O. Omolo, Isaiah O. Ndiege, and Ahmed Hassanali

Sensilla on antennae, ovipositor and tarsi of the larval parasitoids, cotesia sesamiae (cameron 1906) and cotesia flavipes cameron 1891 (hymenoptera: braconidae): A comparative scanning electron microscopy study, Meshack Obonyo, Fritz Schulthess, Mathayo Chimtawi, Gérard Mascarel, Peter O. Ahuya, Bruno LeRu, Johnnie van den Berg, Jean François Silvain, and Paul André Calatayud

Sero-epidemiology of selected Arboviruses among Febrile patients in the lake/river basins of lake Baringo, lake Naivasha and river Tana, kenya, Caroline Chepngeno Tigoi

Seroepidemiology of selected arboviruses in febrile patients visiting selected health facilities in the lake/river basin areas of lake baringo, lake naivasha, and tana river, Kenya, Caroline Tigoi, Olivia Lwande, Benedict Orindi, Zephania Irura, Juliette Ongus, and Rosemary Sang

Serological evidence of Flavivirus circulation in human populations in Northern Kenya: An assessment of disease risk 2016-2017, E. Chepkorir, D. P. Tchouassi, S. L. Konongoi, J. Lutomiah, C. Tigoi, Z. Irura, F. Eyase, M. Venter, and R. Sang

Serological Surveillance Development for Tropical Infectious Diseases Using Simultaneous Microsphere-Based Multiplex Assays and Finite Mixture Models, Yoshito Fujii, Satoshi Kaneko, Samson Muuo Nzou, Matilu Mwau, Sammy M. Njenga, Chihiro Tanigawa, James Kimotho, Anne Wanjiru Mwangi, Ibrahim Kiche, Sohkichi Matsumoto, Mamiko Niki, Mayuko Osada-Oka, Yoshio Ichinose, Manabu Inoue, Makoto Itoh, Hiroshi Tachibana, Kazunari Ishii, Takafumi Tsuboi, Lay Myint Yoshida, Dinesh Mondal, Rashidul Haque, Shinjiro Hamano, Mwatasa Changoma, Tomonori Hoshi, Ken ichi Kamo, Mohamed Karama, Masashi Miura, and Kenji Hirayama

Seroprevalence of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Ijara District, Kenya, Olivia Wesula Lwande, Zephania Irura, Caroline Tigoi, Edith Chepkorir, Benedict Orindi, Lillian Musila, Marietjie Venter, Anne Fischer, and Rosemary Sang

Seroprevalence of dengue, yellow fever, and related flaviviruses among the rural human population in Nguruman and Kerio Valley, Kenya, Mercy Hokah Kibathi, Edith Chepkorir, Sepha Nyatichi Mabeya, David P. Tchouassi, and Rosemary Sang

Sex differentiation studies relating to releaser aggregation pheromones of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, D. Obeng‐Ofori, P. G.N. Njagi, B. Torto, A. Hassanali, and H. Amiani

Sex pheromone composition and reproductive isolation in two Busseola species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Kenya, A. E. Félix, P. A. Calatayud, B. Le Ru, J. F. Silvain, and B. Frérot

Sex ratio distortion and reduced lifespan of Glossina pallidipes infected with the virus causing salivary gland hyperplasia, Thomas G.T. Jaenson

Sex-specific induction of CYP6 cytochrome P450 genes in cadmium and lead tolerant Anopheles gambiae, Fauzia K. Musasia, Alfred O. Isaac, Daniel K. Masiga, Irene A. Omedo, Ramadhan Mwakubambanya, Richard Ochieng, and Paul O. Mireji

Sexual dimorphism of antennal, tarsal and ovipositor chemosensilla in the African stemborer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Paul André Calatayud, Mathayo Chimtawi, Dominique Tauban, Frédéric Marion-Poll, Bruno Le Rü, Jean François Silvain, and Brigitte Frérot

Shaping the Microbial Landscape: Parasitoid-Driven Modifications of Bactrocera dorsalis Microbiota, Rehemah Gwokyalya, Jeremy K. Herren, Christopher W. Weldon, Shepard Ndlela, Joseph Gichuhi, Nehemiah Ongeso, Anne W. Wairimu, Sunday Ekesi, and Samira A. Mohamed

Shared reproduction and sex ratio adjustment to clutch size in a socially polymorphic orchid bee, Anna Friedel, H. Michael G. Lattorff, José Javier G. Quezada-Euán, and Samuel Boff

Shared volatile organic compounds between camel metabolic products elicits strong Stomoxys calcitrans attraction, Merid Negash Getahun, Peter Ahuya, John Ngiela, Abel Orone, Daniel Masiga, and Baldwyn Torto

Sheep Skin Odor Improves Trap Captures of Mosquito Vectors of Rift Valley Fever, David P. Tchouassi, Rosemary Sang, Catherine L. Sole, Armanda D.S. Bastos, Klaus Mithoefer, and Baldwyn Torto

Shifts in malaria vector species composition and transmission dynamics along the Kenyan coast over the past 20 years, Joseph M. Mwangangi, Charles M. Mbogo, Benedict O. Orindi, Ephantus J. Muturi, Janet T. Midega, Joseph Nzovu, Hellen Gatakaa, John Githure, Christian Borgemeister, Joseph Keating, and John C. Beier

Shoot epicatechin and epigallocatechin contents respond to water stress in tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze], Erick K. Cheruiyot, Louis M. Mumera, Wilson K. Ng'etich, Ahmed Hassanali, Francis Wachira, and John K. Wanyoko

Short range dispersal of western flower thrips in field-grown French beans in Kenya, Johnson O. Nyasani, Sevgan Subramanian, Benedict Orindi, Hans Michael Poehling, and Rainer Meyhöfer

Short report: Entomologic inoculation rates and Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence in Africa, John C. Beier, Gerry F. Killeen, and John I. Githure

Short report: Influence of centers for disease control light trap position, relative to a human-baited bed net, on catches of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus in Tanzania, Leonard E.G. Mboera, Japhet Kihonda, Marieta A.H. Braks, and Bart G.J. Knols

Short-run subsidies and long-run willingness to pay: Learning and anchoring in an agricultural experiment in Ethiopia, Solomon Balew, Erwin Bulte, and Menale Kassie

Side-effects of pesticides on the life cycle of the mite pathogenic fungus Neozygites floridana, V. W. Wekesa, M. Knapp, and I. Delalibera

Side-effects of pesticides on the life cycle of the mite pathogenic fungus Neozygites floridana, V. W. Wekesa, M. Knapp, and I. Delalibera

Significance and transmission of maize streak virus disease in Africa and options for management: A review, O. E.V. Magenya, J. Mueke, and C. Omwega

Significance of water contact as a factor terminating larval diapause in a stem borer, Busseola fusca, Takashi Okuda

Silkmoth pupae: potential and less exploited alternative source of nutrients and natural antioxidants, H. O. Mokaya, R. M. Ndunda, T. M. Kegode, S. J. Koech, C. M. Tanga, S. Subramanian, and B. Ngoka

Silver nanoparticle biosynthesis utilizing Ocimum kilimandscharicum leaf extract and assessment of its antibacterial activity against certain chosen bacteria, Horyomba Siaka Ouandaogo, Souleymane Diallo, Eddy Odari, and Johnson Kinyu

Similar Differentiation Patterns Between PBP Expression Levels and Pheromone Component Ratios in Two Populations of Sesamia nonagrioides, Nicolas Glaser, Brigitte Frérot, Ene Leppik, Christelle Monsempes, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Bruno Le Ru, Thomas Lecocq, Myriam Harry, Emmanuelle Jacquin-Joly, and Paul Andre Calatayud

Simulating Maize Productivity under Selected Climate Smart Agriculture Practices Using AquaCrop Model in a Sub-humid Environment, Alex Zizinga, Jackson Gilbert Majaliwa Mwanjalolo, Britta Tietjen, Bobe Bedadi, Ramon Amaro de Sales, and Dennis Beesigamukama

Simulation model for maize crop growth based on acquisition and allocation processes for carbohydrate and nitrogen, O. Bonato, F. Schulthess, and J. Baumgärtner

Simultaneous application of entomopathogenic nematodes and predatory mites to control western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis, Lemma Ebssa, Christian Borgemeister, and Hans Michael Poehling

Single-step PCR differentiation of Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron) and Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) using polydnavirus markers, Stéphane Dupas, Catherine Gitau, Bruno Le Rü, and Jean François Silvain

Six decades of malaria vector control in southern Africa: a review of the entomological evidence-base, Theresia Estomih Nkya, Ulrike Fillinger, Onyango P. Sangoro, Rose Marubu, Emmanuel Chanda, and Clifford Maina Mutero

Size and mortality rates of Glossina pallidipes in the semi‐arid zone of southwestern Kenya, R. D. DRANSFIELD, R. BRIGHTWELL, J. KIILU, M. F. CHAUDHURY, and D. A.AD ABIE

Size and shape analysis of Trioza erytreae Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Triozidae), vector of citrus huanglongbing disease, Owusu F. Aidoo, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Thomson M. Paris, Sandra A. Allan, Samira A. Mohamed, Fathiya M. Khamis, Mamoudou Sétamou, Christian Borgemeister, and Sunday Ekesi

Size relationships in nest populations and mound parameters in the termite Macrotermes michaelseni in Kenya, J. P.E.C. Darlington and R. D. Dransfield

Sleeping sickness: in vitro cultivation of Trypanosoma brucei from the salivary glands of Glossina morsitans, M. Nyindo, M. Chimtawi, J. Owor, J. S. Kaminjolo, N. Patel, and N. Darji

Smallholder access to the export market: The case of vegetables in Kenya, Dagmar Mithöfer, Eddah Nang'ole, and Solomon Asfaw

Smallholder farmers' knowledge and willingness to pay for insect-based feeds in Kenya, Shaphan Y. Chia, John Macharia, Gracious M. Diiro, Menale Kassie, Sunday Ekesi, Joop J.A. van Loon, Marcel Dicke, and Chrysantus M. Tanga

Smallholder farmers’ willingness to pay for commercial insect-based chicken feed in Kenya, Afrika Onguko Okelloi, David Jakinda Otieno, Jonathan Makau Nzuma, Michael Mukembo Kidoido, and Chrysantus Mbi Tanga

Smallholder Information Sources and Communication Pathways for Cashew Production and Marketing in Tanzania: An Ex-post Study in Tandahimba and Lindi Rural Districts, Southern Tanzania, Brigitte Nyambo and Elly Ligate

Small mesh nets protect tomato plants from insect pests and increase yields in eastern Africa, Thibault Nordey, Emilie Deletre, Nickson Mlowe, and Thibaud Martin

Small-scale field evaluation of transfluthrin-treated eave ribbons and sandals for the control of malaria vectors in rural Tanzania, Arnold S. Mmbando, Winifrida P. Mponzi, Halfan S. Ngowo, Khamis Kifungo, Robert Kasubiri, Rukiyah M. Njalambaha, Tegemeo Gavana, Alvaro E. Eiras, Elis P.A. Batista, Marceline F. Finda, Onyango P. Sangoro, and Fredros O. Okumu

Snatching prey from the mandibles of ants, a feeding tactic adopted by East African jumping spiders, Robert R. Jackson, Kathryn Salm, and Simon D. Pollard

Social discrimination by quantitative assessment of immunogenetic similarity, Jandouwe Villinger and Bruce Waldman

Socio-cultural practices on the use of beetle grubs as food and feed in western Kenya, Martin N. Wanjala, Mary Orinda, John M. Nyongesah, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Sevgan Subramanian, Menale Kassie, and James P. Egonyu

Socio-economic analysis of dairy feed technologies promoted in the Kenyan highlands, Gregory Ndwandwa Sikumba

Socio-economic and environmental implications of replacing conventional poultry feed with insect-based feed in Kenya, Zewdu Abro, Menale Kassie, Chrysantus Tanga, Dennis Beesigamukama, and Gracious Diiro

Socioeconomic and health impacts of fall armyworm in Ethiopia, Zewdu Abro, Emily Kimathi, Hugo de Groote, Tadele Tefera, Subramanian Sevgan, Saliou Niassy, and Menale Kassie

Socio-economic Burden of Malaria: The case of Jabi-tehnan Distric, Getaneh Mihret

Socioeconomic burden of trypanosomiasis: Evidence from crop and livestock production in Ethiopia, Zewdu Abro, Gebeyehu Manie Fetene, Menale Kassie, and Tigist Mekonnen Melesse

Socio-economic importance of Liriomyza leaf miners of vegetable crops in Tanzania: a study of farmers' knowledge, attitudes and Practices in Arumeru and Moshi-Rural Districts, Beatus J. Mboya

Socio-economic exploitation of edible caterpillars in the bimodal rainforest zone of Cameroon, J. Ouaba, A. Souaibou, S. Niassy, M. Lontsi-Demano, M. P.A. Mayi, F. Meutchieye, and T. Tchuinkam

Socio-economic predictors, soil fertility knowledge domains and strategies for sustainable maize intensification in Embu County, Kenya, Monicah Wanjiku Mucheru-Muna, Mildred Achieng Ada, Jayne Njeri Mugwe, Franklin Somoni Mairura, Esther Mugi-Ngenga, Shammie Zingore, and James Kinyua Mutegi

Sociology in integrated pest management, Johann Baumgärtner, Achola O. Pala, and Pasquale Trematerra

Sodalis glossinidius presence in wild tsetse is only associated with presence of trypanosomes in complex interactions with other tsetse-specific factors 06 Biological Sciences 0604 Genetics, Manun Channumsin, Marc Ciosi, Dan Masiga, C. Michael R. Turner, and Barbara K. Mable

Soil bacterial community is influenced by long-term integrated soil fertility management practices in a Ferralsol in Western Kenya, Peter Bolo, Monicah Mucheru-Muna, Romano K. Mwirichia, Michael Kinyua, George Ayaga, and Job Kihara

Soil carbon accumulation in crop-livestock systems in acid soil savannas of South America: A review, Miguel Ayarza, Idupulapati Rao, Lourival Vilela, Carlos Lascano, and Raul Vera-Infanzón

Soil-dwelling insect pests of tree crops in Sub-Saharan Africa, problems and management strategies—A review, F. C. Ambele, H. B. Bisseleua Daghela, O. O. Babalola, and S. Ekesi

Soil health and ecosystem services: Lessons from sub-Sahara Africa (SSA), J. Kihara, P. Bolo, M. Kinyua, S. S. Nyawira, and R. Sommer

Soil legacies in maize-edible legume intercropping alter maize growth and reduce Spodoptera frugiperda larval feeding, Abdul A. Jalloh, Abdullahi Ahmed Yusuf, Fathiya Khamis, Sevgan Subramanian, and Daniel Munyao Mutyambai

Soil Nematode Communities under Organic and Conventional Farming Systems in Chuka, Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya, Janet Gesare Atandi

Soil quality and phosphorus status after nine years of organic and conventional farming at two input levels in the Central Highlands of Kenya, C. von Arb, E. K. Bünemann, H. Schmalz, M. Portmann, N. Adamtey, M. W. Musyoka, E. Frossard, and A. Fliessbach

Soil structural degradation and nutrient limitations across land use categories and climatic zones in Southern Africa, Lulseged Tamene, Gudeta W. Sileshi, Gift Ndengu, Powell Mponela, Job Kihara, Andrew Sila, and Jérôme Tondoh

Soldier frontal glands of the termite Macrotermes subhyalinus: Morphology, chemical composition, and use in defense, Glenn D. Prestwich, B. A. Bierl, E. D. Devilbiss, and M. F.B. Chaudhury

Solving a novel confinement problem by spartaeine salticids that are predisposed to solve problems in the context of predation, Fiona R. Cross and Robert R. Jackson

Some aspects of emergence, mating, oviposition and flight activity of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lep., Pyralidae), R. Ramachandran and K. N. Saxena

Some aspects of feeding responses in the stem borer Chilo partellus swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)., P. G. Tokro and K. N. Saxena

Some aspects of mating behavior of Glossina morsitans morsitans males infected with a DNA virus, Walter G.Z.O. Jura and John O.A. Davies-Cole

Some key elements on entomophagy in Africa: Culture, gender and belief, S. Niassy, H. D. Affognon, K. K.M. Fiaboe, K. S. Akutse, C. M. Tanga, and S. Ekesi

Some like it hot: The influence and implications of climate change on coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) and coffee production in East Africa, Juliana Jaramillo, Eric Muchugu, Fernando E. Vega, Aaron Davis, Christian Borgemeister, and Adenirin Chabi-Olaye

Some observations on factors associated with the development of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infections in Glossina morsitans morsitans, L. H. Otieno, N. Darji, P. Onyango, and E. Mpanga

Sorghum Germplasm Tolerant to Greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae) Feeding Damage as Measured by Reduced Chlorophyll Loss, Melaku Girma, Kenneth D. Kofoid, and John C. Reese

SOUND PRODUCTION ASSOCIATED WITH FEEDING BEHAVIOUR OF THE TSETSE, GLOSSINA M. MORSITANS, R. K. SAINI

Sound production in the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans, I. E. Carina Erickson and Aage R. Mo11er

Spatial acuity-sensitivity trade-off in the principal eyes of a jumping spider: possible adaptations to a ‘blended’ lifestyle, Ana M. Cerveira, Ximena J. Nelson, and Robert R. Jackson

Spatial analysis of human-induced vegetation productivity decline over eastern Africa using a decade (2001-2011) of medium resolution MODIS time-series data, Tobias Landmann and Olena Dubovyk

Spatial analysis of the distribution of tsetse flies in the Lambwe Valley, Kenya, using Landsat TM satellite imagery and GIS, U. Kitron, L. H. Otieno, L. L. Hungerford, A. Odulaja, W. U. Brigham, O. O. Okello, M. Joselyn, M. M. Mohamed-Ahmed, and E. Cook

Spatial and temporal distribution of tsetse fly trap catches at Nguruman, southwest Kenya, A. Odulaja, J. Baumgärtner, S. Mihok, and I. M. Abu-Zinid

Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of Anopheles mosquitoes and Plasmodium falciparum transmission along the Kenyan coast, Charles M. Mbogo, Joseph M. Mwangangi, Joseph G. Nzovu, Weidong Gu, Guiyan Yan, James T. Gunter, Chris Swalm, Joseph Keating, James L. Regens, Josephat I. Shililu, John I. Githure, and John C. Beier

Spatial and temporal spread of maize stem borer Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) damage in smallholder farms, Frank T. Ndjomatchoua, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Christophe Plantamp, Pascal Campagne, Clément Tchawoua, and Bruno P. Le Ru

Spatial distribution and habitat characterisation of Anopheles larvae along the Kenyan coast, Joseph M. Mwangangi, Charles M. Mbogo, Ephantus J. Muturi, Joseph G. Nzovu, John I. Githure, Guiyun Yan, Noboru Minakawa, Robert Novak, and John C. Beier

Spatial distribution and habitat characterization of anopheline mosquito larvae in western Kenya, Noboru Minakawa, Clifford M. Mutero, John I. Githure, John C. Beier, and Guiyun Yan

Spatial distribution and sampling plans for Mesoplatys Ochroptera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Sesbania, G. Sileshi, J. Baumgärtner, S. Sithanantham, and C. K.P.O. Ogol

Spatial distribution, blood feeding pattern, and role of Anopheles funestus complex in malaria transmission in central Kenya, Ephantus J. Muturi, Luna Kamau, Benjamin G. Jacob, Simon Muriu, Charles M. Mbogo, Josephat Shililu, John Githure, and Robert J. Novak

Spatial distribution of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus and malaria transmission in Suba District, Western Kenya, Josephat I. Shililu, Charles M. Mbogo, Clifford M. Mutero, James T. Gunter, Chris Swalm, James L. Regens, Joseph Keatings, Guiyun Yan, John I. Githure, and John C. Beier

Spatial distribution of bactrocera dorsalis and thaumatotibia leucotreta in smallholder avocado orchards along altitudinal gradient of taita hills and mount kilimanjaro, James J. Odanga, Samira Mohamed, Sizah Mwalusepo, Florence Olubayo, Richard Nyankanga, Fathiya Khamis, Ivan Rwomushana, Tino Johansson, and Sunday Ekesi

Spatial distribution of cocoon nests and egg clusters of the silkmoth Anaphe panda (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) and its host plant Bridelia micrantha (Euphorbiaceae) in the Kakamega Forest of western Kenya, N. Mbahin, S. K. Raina, E. N. Kioko, and J. M. Mueke

Spatial distribution of coffee wilt disease under roguing and replanting conditions: A case study from Kaweri estate in Uganda, F. Pinard, S. E. Makune, P. Campagne, and J. Mwangi

Spatial distribution of Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), at the field and the regional level in Ethiopia, Gashawbeza Ayalew, Andrea Sciarretta, Johan Baumgärtner, Callistus Ogol, and Bernhard Löhr

Spatial Distribution of Tsetse Flies and Trypanosome Infection Status in a Vector Genetic Transition Zone in Northern Uganda, Robert Opiro, Okello Allele Moses, Robert Opoke, Francis A. Oloya, Esther Nakafu, Teresa Iwiru, Richard Echodu, Geoffrey M. Malinga, Joel L. Bargul, and Elizabeth A. Opiyo

Spatial distributions of HIV infection in an endemic area of Western Kenya: Guiding information for localized HIV control and prevention, Tomonori Hoshi, Yoshito Fuji, Samson Muuo Nzou, Chihiro Tanigawa, Ibrahim Kiche, Matilu Mwau, Anne Wanjiru Mwangi, Mohamed Karama, Kenji Hirayama, Kensuke Goto, and Satoshi Kaneko

Spatially continuous dataset at local scale of Taita Hills in Kenya and Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Sizah Mwalusepo, Estomih S. Massawe, and Tino Johansson

Spatially targeting Culex quinquefasciatus aquatic habitats on modified land cover for implementing an Integrated Vector Management (IVM) program in three villages within the Mwea Rice Scheme, Kenya, Benjamin G. Jacob, Josephat Shililu, Ephantus J. Muturi, Joseph M. Mwangangi, Simon M. Muriu, Jose Funes, John Githure, James L. Regens, and Robert J. Novak

Spatially variable risk factors for malaria in a geographically heterogeneous landscape, western Kenya: An explorative study, Tobias Homan, Nicolas Maire, Alexandra Hiscox, Aurelio Di Pasquale, Ibrahim Kiche, Kelvin Onoka, Collins Mweresa, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, Amanda Ross, Thomas A. Smith, and Willem Takken

Spatial panorama of malaria prevalence in Africa under climate change and interventions scenarios, Francois M. Moukam Kakmeni, Ritter Y.A. Guimapi, Frank T. Ndjomatchoua, Sansoa A. Pedro, James Mutunga, and Henri E.Z. Tonnang

Spatial separation of semiochemical Lurem-TR and entomopathogenic fungi to enhance their compatibility and infectivity in an autoinoculation system for thrips management, David K. Mfuti, Sevgan Subramanian, Rob Whm van Tol, Gerrie L. Wiegers, Willem J. de Kogel, Saliou Niassy, Hannalene du Plessis, Sunday Ekesi, and Nguya K. Maniania

Spatial Spillover Effects of Smallholder Households’ Adoption Behaviour of Soil Management Practices Among Push–Pull Farmers in Rwanda, Michael M. Kidoido, Komi Mensah Agboka, Frank Chidawanyika, Girma Hailu, Yeneneh Belayneh, Daniel Munyao Mutyambai, Rachel Owino, Menale Kassie, and Saliou Niassy

Spatial-temporal population dynamics of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Kenya, G. Zhou and W. A. Overholt

Spatio-temporal characterization of phenotypic resistance in malaria vector species, Eric Ali Ibrahim, Mark Wamalwa, John Odindi, and Henri E.Z. Tonnang

Spatio-temporal distribution of sugarcane shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and its associated natural enemy Sturmiopsis inferens (Diptera:Tachinidae) in India, Kokila Ranganathan, Meenambigai Krishnan, Alagirisamy Kuppusamy, Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag, Srikanth Jandhyala, and Nareshkumar Arjunan

Spatiotemporal dynamics of immature culicines (subfamily Culicinae) and their larval habitats in Mwea Rice Scheme, Kenya, Ephantus J. Muturi, Joseph M. Mwangangi, Benjamin G. Jacob, Josephat I. Shililu, Charles M. Mbogo, John I. Githure, and Robert J. Novak

Spatio-temporal dynamics of malaria vector niche overlaps in Africa, Eric Ali Ibrahim, John Odindi, Mark Wamalwa, and Henri E.Z. Tonnang

Spatio-temporal interactions between maize lepidopteran stemborer communities and possible implications from the recent invasion of spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Sub-Saharan Africa, Eric Siaw Ntiri, Paul Andre Calatayud, Johnnie Van Den Berg, and Bruno Pierre Le Ru

Spatiotemporal structure and composition of the microbial communities in hypersaline Lake Magadi, Kenya, Alex Kipnyargis, Eucharia Kenya, Fathiya Khamis, and Romano Mwirichia

Spatiotemporal trends in Anopheles funestus breeding habitats, Grace R. Aduvukha, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Bester Tawona Mudereri, Onisimo Mutanga, John Odindi, and Henri E.Z. Tonnang

Specialised use of working memory by Portia africana, a spider-eating salticid, Fiona R. Cross and Robert R. Jackson

Specialized exploitation of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) by spiders (Araneae), Robert R. Jackson and Ximena J. Nelson

Specialized prey selection behavior of two east african assassin bugs, Scipinnia repax and Nagusta sp. that prey on social jumping spiders, Robert R. Jackson, Kathryn Salm, and Ximena J. Nelson

Species abundance, composition and colonization behaviour of Malaria vectors in a semi-arid ecosystem of Baringo District, Kenya, Samwel Arum Okello

Species composition and community structure of small pest rodents (Muridae) in cultivated and fallow fields in maize-growing areas in Mayuge district, Eastern Uganda, Alex Mayamba, Robert M. Byamungu, Rhodes H. Makundi, Didas N. Kimaro, Moses Isabirye, Apia W. Massawe, David Kifumba, Alice Nakiyemba, Herwig Leirs, Mshaka E. Mdangi, Brian E. Isabirye, and Loth S. Mulungu

Species composition and pollinator efficiency of Ocimum Kilimandscharicum flower visitors along Kakamega forest ecosystem, Hellen Mandela Kutwa

Species Composition, Distribution, and Seasonal Abundance of Liriomyza Leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae) under Different Vegetable Production Systems and Agroecological Zones in Kenya, C. N. Foba, D. Salifu, Z. O. Lagat, L. M. Gitonga, K. S. Akutse, and K. K.M. Fiaboe

Species Composition, Distribution, and Seasonal Abundance of Liriomyza Leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae) under Different Vegetable Production Systems and Agroecological Zones in Kenya, Paul André Calatayud, Bruno P. Le Rü, Fritz Schulthess, and Jean François Silvain

Species composition of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Citrus Museum at the Agricultural Research Centre (ARC), Kade, Ghana, Caroline Ngichop Foba, Kwame Afreh-Nuamah, Maxwell Kelvin Billah, and Daniel Obeng-Ofori

Species diversity and distribution of lepidopteran stem borers in South Africa and Mozambique, J. Moolman, J. Van den Berg, D. Conlong, D. Cugala, S. Siebert, and B. Le Ru

Species diversity of lepidopteran stem borer parasitoids in cultivated and natural habitats in Kenya, D. M. Mailafiya, B. P. Le Ru, E. W. Kairu, P. A. Calatayud, and S. Dupas

Species richness and nest dispersion of some tropical meliponine bees (Apidae: Meliponinae) in six habitat types in the Kakamega forest, western Kenya, Kiatoko Nkoba, Suresh Kumar Raina, Elluid Muli, Klaus Mithofer, and Jones Mueke

Species richness and parasitism in an assemblage of parasitoids attacking maize stem borers in coastal Kenya, Guofa Zhou, William A. Overholt, and Susan W. Kimaninjogu

Species-Specific Adaptations of Trypanosome Morphology and Motility to the Mammalian Host, Joel L. Bargul, Jamin Jung, Francis A. McOdimba, Collins O. Omogo, Vincent O. Adung’a, Timothy Krüger, Daniel K. Masiga, and Markus Engstler

Species-specific transcriptional profiles of the gut and gut microbiome of Ceratitis quilicii and Ceratitis rosa sensu stricto, Fathiya M. Khamis, Paul O. Mireji, Fidelis L.O. Ombura, Anna R. Malacrida, Erick O. Awuoche, Martin Rono, Samira A. Mohamed, Chrysantus M. Tanga, and Sunday Ekesi

Species variation in the response of tsetse flies (Glossina spp.; Diptera: Glossinidae) to parturition hormone, Jan Žďárek and David L. Denlinger

SPECIFICITY OF TERMITE TRAILS: ANALYSIS OF NATURAL TRAILS OF TRINERVITERMES, MACROTERMES AND ODONTOTERMES FROM SYMPATRIC POPULATIONS, G. W. OLOO

Spider cognition, Robert R. Jackson and Fiona R. Cross

Spider heuristics, Fiona R. Cross and Robert R. Jackson

Spiders manipulate and exploit bioluminescent signals of fireflies, Xinhua Fu, Long Yu, Wei Zhou, Chaoliang Lei, Robert R. Jackson, Matjaž Kuntner, Qiuying Huang, Shichang Zhang, and Daiqin Li

Spiroacetals in the colonization behaviour of the coffee berry borer: A 'push-pull' system, Teresiah Nyambura Njihia, Juliana Jaramillo, Lucy Murungi, Dickson Mwenda, Benedict Orindi, Hans Michael Poehling, and Baldwyn Torto

Spodoptera frugiperda population structure and influence of farmers’ practices on gut biodiversity for sustainable management of the pest in Kenya, Kiarie E. Ndung’u, Fathiya M. Khamis, Inusa J. Ajene, Kevin O. Mbogo, and Komivi S. Akutse

Spontaneous parthenogenesis in the parasitoid wasp Cotesia typhae: low frequency anomaly or evolving process?, Claire Capdevielle Dulac, Romain Benoist, Sarah Paquet, Paul André Calatayud, Julius Obonyo, Laure Kaiser, and Florence Mougel

Spread and impact of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) in maize production areas of Kenya, Hugo De Groote, Simon C. Kimenju, Bernard Munyua, Sebastian Palmas, Menale Kassie, and Anani Bruce

Stability analysis of competing insect species for a single resource, Sizah Mwalusepo, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Estomih S. Massawe, Tino Johansson, and Bruno Pierre Le Ru

Stability, bifurcation and chaos analysis of vector-borne disease model with application to rift valley fever, Sansao A. Pedro, Shirley Abelman, Frank T. Ndjomatchoua, Rosemary Sang, and Henri E.Z. Tonnang

Stable Flies, Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae), Improve Offspring Fitness by Avoiding Oviposition Substrates With Competitors or Parasites, Steve B.S. Baleba, Baldwyn Torto, Daniel Masiga, Merid N. Getahun, and Christopher W. Weldon

Stable isotope analysis of termite food habits in East African grasslands, T. W. Boutton, M. A. Arshad, and L. L. Tieszen

Stage-specific effects of host plasma factors on the early sporogony of autologous Plasmodium falciparum isolates within Anopheles gambiae, Louis Clement Gouagna, Sarah Bonnet, Raceline Gounoue, Jan Peter Verhave, Wijnand Eling, Robert Sauerwein, and Christian Boudin

Standard methods for chemical ecology research in Apis mellifera, Baldwyn Torto, Mark J. Carroll, Adrian Duehl, Ayuka T. Fombong, Tamar Katzav Gozansky, Francesco Nazzi, Victoria Soroker, and Peter E.A. Teal

Statement based on the 4 TH international conference on global food security – December 2020: Challenges for a disruptive research Agenda, Patrick Caron, Martin van Ittersum, Tessa Avermaete, Gianluca Brunori, Jessica Fanzo, Ken Giller, Etienne Hainzelin, John Ingram, Lise Korsten, Yves Martin-Prével, Moses Osiru, Cheryl Palm, Marta Rivera Ferre, Mariana Rufino, Sergio Schneider, Alban Thomas, and Daniel Walker

Status and the Potential of Stingless Bees (Apidae: Meliponinae) for Forest Conservation and Income Generation: A case Study of Kakamega Forest, Joseph Kimunge Macharia

Status of the regulatory environment for utilization of insects as food and feed in Sub-Saharan Africa-a review, D. Nakimbugwe, G. Ssepuuya, D. Male, V. Lutwama, I. M. Mukisa, and K. K.M. Fiaboe

Steering conservation biocontrol at the frontlines: A fuzzy logic approach unleashing potentials of climate-smart intercropping as a component within the integrated management of fall armyworm in Africa, Komi Mensah Agboka, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Emily Kimathi, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, John Odindi, Onisimo Mutanga, and Saliou Niassy

Steinernema pwaniensis n. sp., a new entomopathogenic nematode (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) from Tanzania, V. Půža, J. Nermut, Z. Mráček, S. Gengler, and S. Haukeland

Stemborer research in zimbabwe: Prospects for the establishment of cotesia flavipes cameron, P. Clhnwada, C. O. Omvvega, and W. A. Overholt

Sternal gland structures in males of bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti, and Poinsettia thrips, Echinothrips americanus, in comparison with those of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), Stephanie Krueger, Sevgan Subramanian, Saliou Niassy, and Gerald B. Moritz

Steroidal glycoalkaloids: Chemical defence of edible African nightshades against the tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae), Juma J. Jared, Lucy K. Murungi, John Wesonga, and Baldwyn Torto

Sticky small target: an effective sampling tool for tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Newstead, 1910, Njelembo J. Mbewe, Rajinder K. Saini, Baldwyn Torto, Janet Irungu, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, and Christian W.W. Pirk

Stomoxys flies (Diptera, Muscidae) are competent vectors of Trypanosoma evansi, Trypanosoma vivax, and other livestock hemopathogens, Julia W. Muita, Joel L. Bargul, John Mark O. Makwatta, Ernest M. Ngatia, Simon K. Tawich, Daniel K. Masiga, and Merid N. Getahun

Storage of mung bean (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek) and pigeonpea grains (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millsp) in hermetic triple-layer bags stops losses caused by Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), C. M. Mutungi, H. Affognon, A. W. Njoroge, D. Baributsa, and L. L. Murdock

Storage of pigeonpea grain (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) in hermetic triple-layer bags prevents losses caused by Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), H. D. Affognon, A. W. Njoroge, C. M. Mutungi, J. Manono, D. Baributsa, and L. L. Murdock

Strategies for the Manipulation of Root Knot Nematode Behavior with Natural Products in Small Scale Farming Systems, Baldwyn Torto, Hillary Kirwa, Ruth Kihika, and Lucy K. Murungi

Stratification and diel activity of arthropods in a lowland rainforest in Gabon, Yves Basset, Henri Pierre Aberlenc, Héctor Barrios, Gianfranco Curletti, Jean Michel Bérenger, Jean Pierre Vesco, Philippe Causse, Réa Haug, Anne Sophie Hennion, Loïc Lesobre, Florent Marqueás, and Robert Omeara

Strengthening community and stakeholder participation in the implementation of integrated vector management for malaria control in western Kenya: a case study, Peter N. Ng’ang’a, Polycarp Aduogo, and Clifford M. Mutero

Striga hermonthica resistance in upland rice, Z. Harahap, K. Ampong-Nyarko, and J. C. Olela

Striving to be resilient: the role of crop-poultry integrated system as a climate change adaptation strategy in semiarid eastern Kenya, Kelvin Mulungu and Daniel Kangogo

Strong spatial-temporal patterns in maize yield response to nutrient additions in African smallholder farms, Samuel Njoroge, Antonius G.T. Schut, Ken E. Giller, and Shamie Zingore

Structural and Functional Annotation of Hypothetical Proteins from the Microsporidia Species Vittaforma corneae ATCC 50505 Using in silico Approaches, Lilian Mbaisi Ang’ang’o, Jeremy Keith Herren, and Özlem Tastan Bishop

Structural modulations in the tsetse fly milk gland during a pregnancy cycle, Wei Chun Ma, David L. Denlinger, Ulla Järlfors, and David S. Smith

Structural studies on the major milk gland protein of the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans morsitans, Ellie O. Osir, Michael Kotengo, Mohammed F.B. Chaudhury, and Leonard H. Otieno

Structure‐activity studies of modified citrus limonoids as antifeedants for Colorado potato beetle larvae, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Michael D. Bentley, Mohammed S. Rajab, A. Randall Alford, Michael J. Mendel, and Ahmed Hassanali

Structure and properties of silk from the African wild silkmoth gonometa postica reared indoors, Addis Teshome, S. K. Raina, and Fritz Vollrath

Structured collaboration across a transformative knowledge network-learning across disciplines, cultures and contexts?, Adrian Ely, Anabel Marin, Lakshmi Charli-Joseph, dinesh Abrol, Marina Apgar, Joanes Atela, Becky Ayre, Robert Byrne, Bikramaditya K. Choudhary, Victoria Chengo, Almendra Cremaschi, Rowan Davis, Pranav Desai, Hallie Eakin, Pravin Kushwaha, Fiona Marshall, Kennedy Mbeva, Nora Ndege, Cosmas Ochieng, David Ockwell, Per Olsson, Nathan Oxley, Laura Pereira, Ritu Priya, Aschalew Tigabu, Patrick Van Zwanenberg, and Lichao Yang

Structure of the 40 S ribosomal subunit from Plasmodium falciparum By Homology and De novo modeling, Harrison N. Mwangi

Studies of Transgenic Mosquitoes in Disease-Endemic Countries: Preparation of Containment Facilities, M. Megan Quinlan, James Mutuku Mutunga, Abdoulaye Diabaté, Moussa Namountougou, Mamadou B. Coulibaly, Lakamy Sylla, Jonathan Kayondo, Victor Balyesima, Lorna Clark, Mark Q. Benedict, and Peter Raymond

Studies on abundance, impact and natural enemies of insect pests of Okra and Chilies and efficacy of neem products in their control, Samuel Kagumba Muchemi

Studies on naturally acquired immunity to African ticks. II. Observations on cattle exposed to Rhipicephalus appendiculatus under varying periods of repeated infestations, Olusegun O. Dipeolu, Abdul O. Mongi, Suliman Essuman, Abimboia O. Amoo, and Joseph N. Ndungu

Studies on Pheromones and other Semiochemicals of the African Brown Ear Tick, Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus Neumann, Syprine Akinyi

Studies on potential of companion crops in managing the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: plutellidae) in cabbage/kale cropping systems in Kenya, Jacqueline Makatiani

Studies on seed conservation and Propagation of the Neem Tree (Azdirachta indica a juss) in Sudan, Intisar Elnour Elteraify

Studies on Species Diversity, Host Preference, Host Suitability, Longevity and Fecundity of Native Egg Parasitoids of Stemborers in Semi-Arid Kenya, Evans Ouma Raballah Okoth

Studies on the Bio-Ecology and Taxonomy of Glossina with Particular Reference to Glossina Fuscipes Fuscipes (Newstead), Josue, O. Okoth

Studies on the electrostatic application of bacillus thuringiensis on brussels sprouts, J. A. Ogwang and G. A. Matthews

Studies on the epidemiology of leishmaniasis in Kenya: flight range of phlebotomine sandflies in Marigat, Baringo District., M. J. Mutinga, C. C. Kamau, M. Basimike, C. M. Mutero, and F. M. Kyai

Studies on the maturation-accelerating pheromone of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae), Hassane Mahamat, Ahmed Hassanali, Hezekiel Odongo, Baldwyn Torto, and El Sayeed El-Bashir

Studies on The Phlebotomine Sandflies of Rusinga Island and Their Potential as Vectors af Leishmaniasis, Eunice Atieno Gai Misiani

Studies on tsetse midgut factors that induce differentiation of bloodstream Trypanosoma brucei brucei in vitro, M. O. Imbuga, E. O. Osir, V. L. Labongo, N. Darji, and L. H. Otieno

Study on the Biology and Some Ecological Aspects of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Relation to its Altitudinal Expansion, Amanuel Tamiru Abamo

Study on the microstructure of African wild silk cocoon shells and fibers, Addis Teshome, Fritz Vollrath, Suresh K. Raina, J. M. Kabaru, and J. Onyari

Study on weight loss and moisture regain of silk cocoon shells and degummed fibers from African wild silkmoths, Addis Teshome, S. K. Raina, F. Vollrath, J. M. Kabaru, J. Onyari, and E. K. Nguku

Stylet penetration activities by Aphis craccivora (Homoptera: Aphididae) on plants and excised plant parts of resistant and susceptible cultivars of cowpea (Leguminosae), I. Billy Annan, M. Ward, W. M. Tingey, G. A. Schaefers, W. F. Tjallngil, E. A. Backus, and K. N. Saxena

Subcellular degeneration of mycetomal endocytobionts in tsetse, Glossina morsitans morsitans, inoculated twice with Escherichia coli, Walter G.Z.O. Jura and Godwin P. Kaaya

Submicroscopic gametocytes and the transmission of antifolate-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Western Kenya, Mayke J.A.M. Oesterholt, Michael Alifrangis, Colin J. Sutherland, Sabah A. Omar, Patrick Sawa, Christina Howitt, Louis C. Gouagna, Robert W. Sauerwein, and Teun Bousema

(Sub)microscopic Plasmodium falciparum gametocytaemia in Kenyan children after treatment with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine monotherapy or in combination with artesunate, Petra Schneider, Teun Bousema, Sabah Omar, Louis Gouagna, Patrick Sawa, Henk Schallig, and Robert Sauerwein

Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte densities frequently result in mosquito infection, Petra Schneider, J. Teun Bousema, Louis C. Gouagna, Silas Otieno, Marga Van De Vegte-Bolmer, Sabah A. Omar, and Robert W. Sauerwein

Sub-optimal host plants have developmental and thermal fitness costs to the invasive fall armyworm, Macdonald Mubayiwa, Honest Machekano, Frank Chidawanyika, Brighton M. Mvumi, Bame Segaiso, and Casper Nyamukondiwa

Sugar-fermenting yeast as an organic source of carbon dioxide to attract the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, Renate C. Smallegange, Wolfgang H. Schmied, Karel J. Van Roey, Niels O. Verhulst, Jeroen Spitzen, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, and Willem Takken

Suitability of brachiaria grass as a trap crop for management of Chilo partellus, Duncan Cheruiyot, Charles A.O. Midega, Johnnie Van den Berg, John A. Pickett, and Zeyaur R. Khan

Suitability of Busseola fusca and Sesamia calamistis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) for the development of two populations of Cotesia sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Kenya, A. J. Ngi-Song, W. A. Overholt, and R. Stouthamer

Suitability of cultivated and wild crucifers for the development of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (lepidoptera: plutellidae), G. Ayalew, B. Löhr, C. K.P.O. Ogol, and J. Baumgärtner

Suitability of egg hatching conditions and commonly available food plants for rearing the long-horned grasshopper Ruspolia differens Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), G. Ssepuuya, C. M. Tanga, I. Yekko, F. Sengendo, C. T. Ndagire, K. K.M. Fiaboe, J. Karungi, and D. Nakimbugwe

Suitability of graminaceous weed species as host plants for rice leaffolders, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Marasmia patnalis, Z. R. Khan, M. L.P. Abenes, and N. J. Fernandez

Suitability of new and old association hosts for the development of selected microgastrine parasitoids of gramineous stemborers, A. J. Ngi-Song, W. A. Overholt, J. W. Smith, and S. B. Vinson

Suitability of pupae of the stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lep., Pyralidae) of various ages for parasitism by Pediobius furvus (Gahan) (Hym., Eulophidae), A. H. Duale, F. E. Nwilene, and B. A. Okwakpam

Suitability of resampled multispectral datasets for mapping flowering plants in the Kenyan savannah, David Masereti Makori, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Tobias Landmann, Onisimo Mutanga, John Odindi, Evelyn Nguku, Henry E. Tonnang, and Suresh Raina

Suitability of west african gramineous stemborers for the development of cotesia species, Y. Hailemichael, F. Schulthess, J. W. Smith, and W. A. Overholt

Suitable models to describe the effect of temperature on conidial germination and mycelial growth of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, Evanson R. Omuse, Saliou Niassy, John M. Wagacha, George O. Ong’amo, Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag, and Thomas Dubois

Survey and evaluation of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) for the control of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Nocduidae) on selected vegetable crops in Kenya, Joseph Baya

Supplementing Blood Diet With Plant Nectar Enhances Egg Fertility in Stomoxys calcitrans, Simon K. Tawich, Joel L. Bargul, Daniel Masiga, and Merid N. Getahun

Survey of nematodes associated with terrestrial slugs in Norway, J. L. Ross, E. S. Ivanova, B. A. Hatteland, M. B. Brurberg, and S. Haukeland

Surveys for natural enemies of the tomato red spider mite Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae) in northeastern and southeastern Brazil, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Manoel G.C. Gondim, Gilberto J. De Moraes, Callistus K.P.O. Ogol, and Markus Knapp

Survivability of Nosema locustae (microsporida : Nosematidae) spores stored at different temperatures and exposed to weather conditions, M. M. Rai, S. Das, S. K. Raina, and A. M. Khurad

Survival Analysis and Generalized Estimating Equations for Repeated Measures in Mosquito Dose-Response, Gabriel Otieno Okello

Survival and Development of the Stemborer Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) on Selected Wild Gramineous Plants, Mohamed Hassan Mohamud

Survival of immature Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) in aquatic habitats in Mwea rice irrigation scheme, central Kenya, Joseph M. Mwangangi, Ephantus J. Muturi, Josephat Shililu, Simon M. Muriu, Benjamin Jacob, Ephantus W. Kabiru, Charles M. Mbogo, John Githure, and Robert Novak

Survival of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Acarina: Ixodidae) and persistence of Theileria parva (Apicomplexa: Theileriidae) in the field, R. M. Newson, J. W. Chiera, A. S. Young, T. T. Dolan, M. P. Cunningham, and D. E. Radley

Survival of unfed Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Acarina: Ixodidae) in relation to host resistance and environmental factors in Kenya, J. W. Chiera and D. K. Punyua

Survival rate, blood feeding habits and sibling species composition of Aedes simpsoni complex: Implications for arbovirus transmission risk in East Africa, Winnie W. Kamau, Rosemary Sang, Edwin O. Ogola, Gilbert Rotich, Caroline Getugi, Sheila B. Agha, Nelson Menza, Baldwyn Torto, and David P. Tchouassi

Susceptibilities of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus-infected and noninfected Diaphorina citri to entomopathogenic fungi and their detoxification enzyme activities under different temperatures, Mubasher Hussain, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Yongwen Lin, Shiman Chen, Wei Huang, Jinguan Zhang, Atif Idrees, Dongliang Qiu, and Liande Wang

Susceptibility of Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lep., Pyralidae) eggs to entomopathogenic Hyphomycetes, N. K. Maniania

Susceptibility of developmental stages of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) to infection by Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), David M. Bugeme, Markus Knapp, Hamadi I. Boga, Sunday Ekesi, and Nguya K. Maniania

Susceptibility of different breeds of goats in Kenya to experimental infection with Trypanosoma congolense, D. D. Whitelaw, G. P. Kaaya, J. E. Moulton, S. K. Moloo, and Max Murray

Susceptibility of Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Busseola fusca and Sesamia calamistis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins and potential side effects on the larval parasitoid Cotesia sesamiae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), A. K. Tounou, S. Gounou, C. Borgemeister, Y. M.D. Goumedzoe, and F. Schulthess

Susceptibility of immature stages of the locusts Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria migratorioides to the microsporidium Johenrea locustae and effects of infection on feeding and fertility in the laboratory, Nguya K. Maniania, Larry J. Vaughan, and Elizabeth Ouna

Susceptibility of Megalurothrips sjostedti developmental stages to Metarhizium anisopliae and the effects of infection on feeding, adult fecundity, egg fertility and longevity, Inusa Jacob Ajene, Fathiya Khamis, Samira Mohammed, Adedapo Olutola Adediji, Gabriel Ifo Atiri, Shakiru Adewale Kazeem, and Sunday Ekesi

Susceptibility of non-target aquatic macro-invertebrates and vertebrates to Piper guineense (Piperaceae) and Spilanthes mauritiana (Asteraceae) powder in Kilifi District, Kenya, Spala Oduor Ohaga, I. O. Ndiege, S. S. Kubasu, J. C. Beier, and C. M. Mbogo

Susceptibility of primary, secondary and suspected vectors to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infection in Ethiopia, Arega Tsegaye, Assalif Demissew, Dawit Hawaria, Hallelujah Getachew, Kassahun Habtamu, Abebe Asale, Guiyun Yan, and Delenasaw Yewhalaw

Susceptibility of the legume flower thrips to Metarhizium anisopliae on different varieties of cowpea, S. Ekesi, N. K. Maniania, and W. Lwande

Susceptibility of the Western Honey Bee Apis mellifera and the African Stingless Bee Meliponula ferruginea (Hymenoptera: Apidae) to the Entomopathogenic Fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, Evanson R. Omuse, Saliou Niassy, John M. Wagacha, George O. Ong'Amo, H. Michael G. Lattorff, Nkoba Kiatoko, Samira A. Mohamed, Sevgan Subramanian, Komivi S. Akutse, and Thomas Dubois

Susceptibility to topical applications of endosulfan and dieldrin in sprayed and unsprayed populations of Glossina pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Kenya, D. A. Turner and T. K. Golder

Sustainable intensification of agricultural systems in the Central African Highlands: The need for institutional innovation, Marc Schut, Piet van Asten, Chris Okafor, Cyrille Hicintuka, Sylvain Mapatano, Nsharwasi Léon Nabahungu, Desire Kagabo, Perez Muchunguzi, Emmanuel Njukwe, Paul M. Dontsop-Nguezet, Murat Sartas, and Bernard Vanlauwe

Sustainable intensification of wheat production under smallholder farming systems in Burera, Musanze and Nyamagabe districts of Rwanda, Athanase Rusanganwa Cyamweshi, Nsharwasi Léon Nabahungu, Jackson Cirhuza Mirali, Job Kihara, George Oduor, Harrison Rware, and Gudeta Weldesemayat Sileshi

Sustainable intensification through rotations with grain legumes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review, A. C. Franke, G. J. van den Brand, B. Vanlauwe, and K. E. Giller

Sustainable malaria control: Transdisciplinary approaches for translational applications, Lyn Marie Birkholtz, Riana Bornman, Walter Focke, Clifford Mutero, and Christiaan De Jager

Sustainable pest management for global food security : Examples of approaches in Africa, Hans R. Herren

Sustainable recommendation domains for scaling agricultural technologies in Tanzania, Francis K. Muthoni, Zhe Guo, Mateete Bekunda, Haroon Sseguya, Fred Kizito, Frederick Baijukya, and Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon

Sustainably improving Kenya's coffee production needs more participation of younger farmers with diversified income, Lydia W.I. Wairegi, Mica Bennett, Generose Nziguheba, Ashiraf Mawanda, Carlos de los Rios, Edidah Ampaire, Laurence Jassogne, Pamela Pali, David Mukasa, and Piet J.A. van Asten

Swarming and mating activity of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in semi-field enclosures, D. Achinko, J. Thailayil, D. Paton, P. O. Mireji, V. Talesa, D. Masiga, and F. Catteruccia

Swatting Flies: Biting Insects as Non-Invasive Samplers for Mammalian Population Genomics, Anubhab Khan, Ryan Carter, Chengetai D. Mpamhanga, Daniel Masiga, Manun Channumsin, Marc Ciosi, Oliva Manangwa, Furaha Mramba, Umer Zeeshan Ijaz, Harriet Auty, and Barbara K. Mable

Sweating sickness in adult cattle, T. T. Dolan and R. M. Newson

Sweet attraction: Sugarcane pollen-associated volatiles attract gravid Anopheles arabiensis, Betelehem Wondwosen, Göran Birgersson, Habte Tekie, Baldwyn Torto, Rickard Ignell, and Sharon R. Hill

Swelling of Polymer-Oligomer Particles, Habiba Rajabu Mfutakamba

Synchronization of cells with activator-inhibitor pathways through adaptive environment-mediated coupling, P. Guemkam Ghomsi, F. M. Moukam Kakmeni, C. Tchawoua, and T. C. Kofane

Synergies between Different Types of Agricultural Technologies in the Kenyan Small Farm Sector, Priscilla Wainaina, Songporne Tongruksawattana, and Matin Qaim

Synergies of integrated pest and pollinator management in avocado farming in East Africa: An ex-ante economic analysis, Charity Wangithi, Beatrice W. Muriithi, Gracious Diiro, Thomas Dubois, Samira Mohamed, Michael G. Lattorff, Benignus V. Ngowi, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Mariam Adan, and Menale Kassie

Synergistic effects of agronet covers and companion cropping on reducing whitefly infestation and improving yield of open field-grown tomatoes, Stella Mutisya, Mwanarusi Saidi, Arnold Opiyo, Mathieu Ngouajio, and Thibaud Martin

Synonymization of key pest species within the Bactrocera dorsalis species complex (Diptera: Tephritidae): Taxonomic changes based on a review of 20 years of integrative morphological, molecular, cytogenetic, behavioural and chemoecological data, Mark K. Schutze, Nidchaya Aketarawong, Weerawan Amornsak, Karen F. Armstrong, Antonis A. Augustinos, Norman Barr, Wang Bo, Kostas Bourtzis, Laura M. Boykin, Carlos Cáceres, Stephen L. Cameron, Toni A. Chapman, Suksom Chinvinijkul, Anastasija Chomič, Marc De Meyer, Ellena Drosopoulou, Anna Englezou, Sunday Ekesi, Angeliki Gariou-Papalexiou, Scott M. Geib, Deborah Hailstones, Mohammed Hasanuzzaman, David Haymer, Alvin K.W. Hee, Jorge Hendrichs, Andrew Jessup, Qinge Ji, and Fathiya M. Khamis

Synthesis, analysis, and field activity of sordidin, a male-produced aggregation pheromone of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus, Seetharaman Jayaraman, Isaiah O. Ndiege, Allan C. Oehlschlager, Lilliana M. Gonzalez, Dennis Alpizar, Mario Falles, William J. Budenberg, and Peter Ahuya

Synthesis and structures and dihydroedulan I and II trace components from the juice of passiflora edulis sims, G. D. Prestwich, F. D. Whitfield, and G. Stanley

Synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole-thymol derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents, Justice Kwaku Addo, Ernest Owusu-Ansah, Nicholas T.K.D. Dayie, Xavier Cheseto, and Baldwyn Torto

Systematics and biology of cotesia typhae sp. N. (hymenoptera, braconidae, microgastrinae), a potential biological control agent against the noctuid mediterranean corn borer, sesamia nonagrioides, Laure Kaiser, Jose Fernandez-Triana, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Célina Chantre, Matthieu Bodet, Ferial Kaoula, Romain Benoist, Paul André Calatayud, Stéphane Dupas, Elisabeth A. Herniou, Rémi Jeannette, Julius Obonyo, Jean François Silvain, and Bruno Le Ru

Systematics and molecular phylogeny of two African stem borer genera, Sciomesa Tams & Bowden and Carelis Bowden (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), P. Moyal, B. Le Ru, D. Conlong, D. Cugala, B. Defabachew, T. Matama-Kauma, B. Pallangyo, and J. Van Den Berg

System Dynamics Modeling for Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 on Food Supply Chains: A Case Study of Kenya and Rwanda, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame, Mark Wamalwa, Saliou Niassy, and Beatrice Wambui Muriithi

Systemic Effects of Neem on Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), G. Thoeming, C. Borgemeister, M. Sétamou, and H. M. Poehling

Taxonomic Identity of the Invasive Fruit Fly Pest, Bactrocera invadens: Concordance in Morphometry and DNA Barcoding, Fathiya M. Khamis, Daniel K. Masiga, Samira A. Mohamed, Daisy Salifu, Marc de Meyer, and Sunday Ekesi

Taxonomic patterns of host plants and its impact on honey properties by two sympatric Afrotropical stingless bee species in Zanzibar (Tanzania), Nelly Ndungu, Pierre Noiset, Mary Chege, Jacqueline Wahura Waweru, Nassor Sharifu, Nicolas J. Vereecken, and Nkoba Kiatoko

Taxonomy, Ecology, and Management of Native and Exotic Fruit Fly Species in Africa, Sunday Ekesi, Marc De Meyer, Samira A. Mohamed, Massimiliano Virgilio, and Christian Borgemeister

Taxonomy, host-plant associations and phylogeny of African Crotalaria-feeding seed beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae): The Conicobruchus strangulatus (Fåhraeus) species group, Bruno P. Le Ru, Alex Delobel, Zoltán György, Gwenaëlle Genson, and Gael J. Kergoat

Techno-Functional and Antioxidant Properties of Extracted Protein from Edible Insects, Hosea O. Mokaya, Cynthia M. Mudalungu, David P. Tchouassi, and Chrysantus M. Tanga

Telenomus remus, a candidate parasitoid for the biological control of Spodoptera frugiperda in Africa, is already present on the continent, Marc Kenis, Hannalene du Plessis, Johnnie Van den Berg, Malick Niango Ba, Georg Goergen, Koffi Eric Kwadjo, Ibrahim Baoua, Tadele Tefera, Alan Buddie, and Giovanni Cafà

Temperature and moisture content of soils of termite mounds and animal burrows in relation to relative abundance of adult phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Marigat Semiarid Area, Baringo District, Kenya, Mulenda Basimike and Mutuku J. Mutinga

Temperature-based phenology model of African citrus triozid (Trioza erytreae Del Guercio): Vector of citrus greening disease, Owusu Fordjour Aidoo, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag, Samira A. Mohamed, Fathiya M. Khamis, Brenda A. Rasowo, Joseph Ambajo, Mamoudou Sétamou, Sunday Ekesi, and Christian Borgemeister

Temperature-based phenology model to predict the development, survival, and reproduction of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis, Dongmo K. Michel A., Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Sévilor Kekeunou, Samuel N. Nanga, Apollin F. Kuate, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Désiré Gnanvossou, and Rachid Hanna

Temperature-dependent development and emergence pattern of hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from coffee berries, Juliana Jaramillo, Adenirin Chabi-Olaye, and Christian Borgemeister

Temperature-dependent development and survival of immature stages of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), A. G.A. Azrag, A. A. Yusuf, C. W.W. Pirk, S. Niassy, K. K. Mbugua, and R. Babin

Temperature-dependent development of Megalurothrips sjostedti and Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), L. M. Gitonga, B. Löhr, W. A. Overholt, J. K. Magambo, and J. M. Mueke

Temperature-dependent development, survival and reproduction of Apanteles hemara (Nixon) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Spoladea recurvalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), M. K. Agbodzavu, Z. Osiemo-Lagat, M. Gikungu, S. Ekesi, and K. K.M. Fiaboe

Temperature-Dependent Growth and Virulence, and Mass Production Potential of Two Candidate Isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin for Managing Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on Cowpea, V. Tumuhaise, S. Ekesi, N. K. Maniania, H. E.Z. Tonnang, C. M. Tanga, P. N. Ndegwa, L. W. Irungu, R. Srinivasan, and S. A. Mohamed

Temperature-dependent modelling and spatial prediction reveal suitable geographical areas for deployment of two Metarhizium anisopliae isolates for Tuta absoluta management, Ayaovi Agbessenou, Komivi S. Akutse, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Sospeter W. Wekesa, and Fathiya M. Khamis

Temperature-dependent models of development and survival of an insect pest of African tropical highlands, the coffee antestia bug Antestiopsis thunbergii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Abdelmutalab G.A. Azrag, Lucy K. Murungi, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Dickson Mwenda, and Régis Babin

Temperature-dependent phenology of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae): Simulation and visualization of current and future distributions along the Eastern Afromontane, Benignus V. Ngowi, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Evans M. Mwangi, Tino Johansson, Janet Ambale, Paul N. Ndegwa, and Sevgan Subramanian

Temperature-dependent phenology of the parasitoid Fopius arisanus on the host Bactrocera dorsalis, Samuel Nanga Nanga, S. Kekeunou, A. Fotso Kuate, K. K.M. Fiaboe, M. A. Dongmo Kenfak, H. E. Tonnang, D. Gnanvossou, C. Djiéto-Lordon, and R. Hanna

Temperature influences on functional response of Coenosia attenuata (Diptera: Muscidae) individuals, G. Gilioli, J. Baumgärtner, and V. Vacante

Temporal Changes in Minimum and Maximum Temperatures at Selected Locations of Southern Africa, Walter Mupangwa, Lovemore Chipindu, Bongani Ncube, Siyabusa Mkuhlani, Nascimento Nhantumbo, Esther Masvaya, Amos Ngwira, Mokhele Moeletsi, Isaiah Nyagumbo, and Feyera Liben

Temporal patterns of emergence, calling behaviour and oviposition period of the maize stem borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Paul André Calatayud, Hervé Guénégo, Bruno LeRü, Jean François Silvain, and Brigitte Frérot

Temporal Population Patterns of Oriental Fruit Flies and False Codling Moths within Small-holder Avocado Orchards in Southeastern Kenya and Northeastern Tanzania, James J. Odanga, Samira Mohamed, Richard Nyankanga, Florence Olubayo, Tino Johansson, and Sunday Ekesi

Temporal rainfall trend analysis in different agro-ecological regions of southern africa, W. Mupangwa, R. Makanza, L. Chipindu, M. Moeletsi, S. Mkuhlani, F. Liben, I. Nyagumbo, and M. Mutenje

Temporal synthesis of cuticle proteins during larval development in Glossina morsitans, Vincent O. Ochieng, Ellie O. Osir, James O. Ochanda, and Norah K. Olembo

Temporal variation of allele frequencies in a natural population of wild Vigna unguiculata, E. B. Kouam, R. S. Pasquet, and G. M. Muluvi

Tephritid Fruit Fly Species Composition, Seasonality, and Fruit Infestations in Two Central African Agro-Ecological Zones, Samuel Nanga Nanga, Rachid Hanna, Apollin Fotso Kuate, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Ibrahim Nchoutnji, Michel Ndjab, Désiré Gnanvossou, Samira A. Mohamed, Sunday Ekesi, and Champlain Djieto-Lordon

Termite-induced injuries to maize and baby corn under organic and conventional farming systems in the central highlands of Kenya, John J. Anyango, David Bautze, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Zipporah O. Lagat, Anne W. Muriuki, Sibylle Stöckli, Gladys K. Onyambu, Martha W. Musyoka, Edward N. Karanja, and Noah Adamtey

Termite (Isoptera) diversity in Senegal and their damage on reforestation areas and cultures, Makhfousse Sarr, Nguya K. Maniania, A. Russell-Smith, and Abdoulaye Niassy

Termite nests in a moundfield at Oleserewa, Kenya (Isoptera: Macrotermitinae), J. P.E.C. Darlington

Terpenes from herbivore-induced tomato plant volatiles attract Nesidiocoris tenuis (Hemiptera: Miridae), a predator of major tomato pests, Pascal M. Ayelo, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Christian W.W. Pirk, Anaïs Chailleux, Samira A. Mohamed, and Emilie Deletre

Testing a co-formulation of CO2-releasing material with an entomopathogenic fungus for the management of subterranean termite pests, Chaba F. Ambele, Hervé Db Bisseleua, Komivi S. Akutse, Olubukola O. Babalola, Pascal Humbert, Anant Patel, Stefan Vidal, Christian Tl Djuideu, and Sunday Ekesi

Testing a pyriproxyfen auto-dissemination station attractive to gravid Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto for the development of a novel attract-release -and-kill strategy for malaria vector control, Oscar Mbare, Steven W. Lindsay, and Ulrike Fillinger

Tetrachromatic visual system in the moth Spodoptera exempta (Insecta: Noctuidae) - Preliminary note, H. Langer, B. Hamann, and C. C. Meinecke

Tetranortriterpenes from turraea robusta, Michael D. Bentley, Forrest Gaul, Mohamed S. Rajab, and Ahmed Hassanali

The 2007 Rift valley fever outbreak in Sudan, Osama Ahmed Hassan, Clas Ahlm, Rosemary Sang, and Magnus Evander

The 7,7″-β-diglucoside of (2S,3R)-chamaejasmin from Ormocarpum kirkii, E. Nyandat, A. Hassanali, Y. De Vicente, G. Multari, and C. Galeffi

The African burrowing mayfly, povilla adusta (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae), damages hydrilla verticillata (Alismatales: Hydrocharitaceae) in lake tanganyika, Robert S. Copeland, Evariste Nkubaye, Benoit Nzigidahera, James P. Cuda, and William A. Overholt

The African citrus triozid Trioza erytreae Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Triozidae): temporal dynamics and susceptibility to entomopathogenic fungi in East Africa, Owusu Fordjour Aidoo, C. M. Tanga, S. A. Mohamed, F. M. Khamis, S. Opisa, B. A. Rasowo, J. W. Kimemia, J. Ambajo, M. Sétamou, S. Ekesi, and C. Borgemeister

The aggregation of questing ticks, Rhipicephalus pulchellus, on grass stems, with observations on R.appendiculatus, T. O. BROWNING

The Anopheles coluzzii range extends into Kenya: detection, insecticide resistance profiles and population genetic structure in relation to conspecific populations in West and Central Africa, Luna Kamau, Kelly L. Bennett, Eric Ochomo, Jeremy Herren, Silas Agumba, Samson Otieno, Diana Omoke, Damaris Matoke-Muhia, David Mburu, Joseph Mwangangi, Edith Ramaita, Elijah O. Juma, Charles Mbogo, Sonia Barasa, and Alistair Miles

The antiplasmodial activity of spermine alkaloids isolated from Albizia gummifera, G. M. Rukunga, F. W. Muregi, F. M. Tolo, S. A. Omar, P. Mwitari, C. N. Muthaura, F. Omlin, W. Lwande, A. Hassanali, J. Githure, F. W. Iraqi, G. M. Mungai, W. Kraus, and W. M. Kofi-Tsekpo

The architecture of the accessory reproductive glands of the male desert locust. 5: ultrastructure during maturation, Thomas R. Odhiambo

The association between distance to water pipes and water bodies positive for anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the urban community of Malindi, Kenya, Daniel E. Impoinvil, Joseph Keating, Rinku Roy Chowdhury, Robert Duncan, Gabriel Cardenas, Sajjad Ahmad, Charles M. Mbogo, John I. Githure, and John C. Beier

The association of the development of the internal reproductive organs of male desert locusts, Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae), with age, phase and the effect of exposure to pheromones, Satoshi Hiroyoshi, Takayuki Mitsunaga, and Gadi V.P. Reddy

The attentive spider: Search-image use by a mosquito-eating predator, Fiona R. Cross and Robert R. Jackson

The availability of potential hosts as a determinant of feeding behaviours and malaria transmission by African mosquito populations, Gerry F. Killeen, F. Ellis McKenzie, Brian D. Foy, Claus Bøgh, and John C. Beier

The behaviour of 9 stored product beetles at pitfall trap arenas and their capture in millet, D. Obeng‐Ofori

The biology and control of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, Charles A. Kwadha, George O. Ong’Amo, Paul N. Ndegwa, Suresh K. Raina, and Ayuka T. Fombong

The bionomics of the egg parasitoid Telenomus busseolae (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on Busseola fusca Fuller and Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Kenya, E. O.R. Okoth, J. M. Songa, A. J. Ngi-Song, C. O. Omwega, C. K.P.O. Ogol, and F. Schulthess

The bionomics of three sympatric Eretmapodites (Diptera: Culicidae) at the Kenya coast, L. P. Lounibos

The biosynthesis of allelopathic di-C-glycosylflavones from the roots of Desmodium incanum (G. Mey.) DC, Bing Hao, John C. Caulfield, Mary L. Hamilton, John A. Pickett, Charles A.O. Midega, Zeyaur R. Khan, Junru R. Wang, and Antony M. Hooper

The bonobo genome compared with the chimpanzee and human genomes, Kay Prüfer, Kasper Munch, Ines Hellmann, Keiko Akagi, Jason R. Miller, Brian Walenz, Sergey Koren, Granger Sutton, Chinnappa Kodira, Roger Winer, James R. Knight, James C. Mullikin, Stephen J. Meader, Chris P. Ponting, Gerton Lunter, Saneyuki Higashino, Asger Hobolth, Julien Dutheil, Emre Karakoç, Can Alkan, Saba Sajjadian, Claudia Rita Catacchio, Mario Ventura, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Evan E. Eichler, Claudine André, Rebeca Atencia, and Lawrence Mugisha

The butterfly Danaus chrysippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Kenya is variably infected with respect to genotype and body size by a maternally transmitted male-killing endosymbiont (Spiroplasma), Jeremy K. Herren, Ian Gordon, Peter W.H. Holland, and David Smith

The case for integrated pest management in Africa: transition from a pesticide-based approach, Ramasamy Srinivasan, Manuele Tamò, and Sevgan Subramanian

The Chalcidoidea bush of life: evolutionary history of a massive radiation of minute wasps, Astrid Cruaud, Jean Yves Rasplus, Junxia Zhang, Roger Burks, Gérard Delvare, Lucian Fusu, Alex Gumovsky, John T. Huber, Petr Janšta, Mircea Dan Mitroiu, John S. Noyes, Simon van Noort, Austin Baker, Julie Böhmová, Hannes Baur, Bonnie B. Blaimer, Seán G. Brady, Kristýna Bubeníková, Marguerite Chartois, Robert S. Copeland, Natalie Dale-Skey Papilloud, Ana Dal Molin, Chrysalyn Dominguez, Marco Gebiola, Emilio Guerrieri, Robert L. Kresslein, Lars Krogmann, and Emily Lemmon

The changing food balance sheet: What are the policy implications?, Tsedeke Abate, Workneh Ayalew, Mintewab Bezabih, Mulat Demeke, Girma Tesfahun Kassie, Amare Tegbaru, and Konjit Hailu

The chemical ecology of host location by parasitoids of african stemborers, Linnet S. Gohole and Adele J. Ngi-Song

The chemistry of a termite fungus comb, M. A. Arshad and M. Schnitzer

The color matters: Color regulation mechanism of green pepper fruit after harvest, Zhifu Lan, Yongwen Lin, Jing Huang, and K. S. Akutse

The COMBAT project: Controlling and progressively minimizing the burden of vector-borne animal trypanosomosis in Africa, Alain Boulangé, Veerle Lejon, David Berthier, Sophie Thévenon, Geoffrey Gimonneau, Marc Desquesnes, Samuel Abah, Prudenciène Agboho, Kalinga Chilongo, Tsegaye Gebre, Assane Gueye Fall, Dramane Kaba, Stefan Magez, Daniel Masiga, Enock Matovu, Aldjibert Moukhtar, Luis Neves, Pamela A. Olet, Soumaïla Pagabeleguem, William Shereni, Brice Sorli, Moeti O. Taioe, María Teresa Tejedor Junco, Rehab Yagi, Philippe Solano, and Giuliano Cecchi

The combined impact of LLINs, house screening, and pull-push technology for improved malaria control and livelihoods in rural Ethiopia: study protocol for household randomised controlled trial, Abebe Asale, Menale Kassie, Zewdu Abro, Bayu Enchalew, Aklilu Belay, Peter O. Sangoro, David P. Tchouassi, and Clifford M. Mutero

The comparative virulence of an atoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus (Eurotiales: Trichocomaceae) and the commercial ICIPE 69 Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) to the bean leaf beetle Ootheca mutabilis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Julius Mugonza, Michael H. Otim, and James P. Egonyu

The complimentary role of wild habitats in crop pollination: a case study on the eggplant (solatium melongena l., solanaceae), Alfred Ochieng Oluoch

The control of tsetse flies in relation to fly movement and trapping efficiency, B. Williams, R. Dransfield, and R. Brightwell

The Cotesia sesamiae story: insight into host-range evolution in a Hymenoptera parasitoid and implication for its use in biological control programs, L. Kaiser, S. Dupas, A. Branca, E. A. Herniou, C. W. Clarke, C. Capdevielle Dulac, J. Obonyo, R. Benoist, J. Gauthier, P. A. Calatayud, J. F. Silvain, and B. P. Le Ru

The current state of pesticide management in Sub-Saharan Africa, John J. Ondieki

The design and implementation of sustainable plant diversity conservation program for alpine meadows and pastures, Johann Baumgärtner and Josef Hartmann

The detection of spotted fever group rickettsia DNA in tick samples from pastoral communities in Kenya, Hellen Koka, Rosemary Sang, Helen Lydia Kutima, Lillian Musila, and Kevin Macaluso

The developmentally dynamic microRNA transcriptome of Glossina pallidipes tsetse flies, vectors of animal trypanosomiasis, Careen Naitore, Jandouwe Villinger, Caleb K. Kibet, Shewit Kalayou, Joel L. Bargul, Alan Christoffels, and Daniel K. Masiga

The developmental response of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) to tropical seasons - Variation in generation time and diapause in east africa, David L. Denlinger

The development of a multipurpose trap (the Nzi) for tsetse and other biting flies, S. Mihok

The development of Plasmodium falciparum in experimentally infected Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) under ambient microhabitat temperature in western Kenya, Bernard A. Okech, Louis C. Gouagna, Elizabeth Walczak, Ephantus W. Kabiru, John C. Beier, Guiyun Yan, and John I. Githure

The dilemma of Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus): a valued pasture grass and a highly invasive species, Aaron C. Rhodes, Robert M. Plowes, John A. Goolsby, John F. Gaskin, Boaz Musyoka, Paul André Calatayud, Massimo Cristofaro, Eric D. Grahmann, Dino J. Martins, and Lawrence E. Gilbert

The discerning predator: Decision rules underlying prey classification by a mosquitoeating jumping spider, Ximena J. Nelson and Robert R. Jackson

The distinctive bionomics of Aedes aegypti populations in Africa, David P. Tchouassi, Sheila B. Agha, Jandouwe Villinger, Rosemary Sang, and Baldwyn Torto

The distribution and frequency of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say 1823 (Diptera, Culicidae) breeding places on the Kenya Coast in relation to human sociological factors, R. Subra

The Distribution and Abundance of the Stem-Galling Fly, Cecidochares connexa (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae), a Biological Control Agent of Chromolaena odorata (L.) (Asteraceae), in Ghana, P. O. Aigbedion-Atalor, D. D. Wilson, V. Y. Eziah, M. D. Day, and I. D. Paterson

The distribution of monoterpene hydrocarbons in airborne volatiles from pseudostem of eight cultivated banana cultivars in East Africa, Isaiah O. Ndiege, William J. Budenberg, Dalmas O. Otieno, and Ahmed Hassanali

The diversity of chironomidae (Diptera) associated with hydrilla verticillata (Alismatales: Hydrocharitaceae) and other aquatic macrophytes in lake Tanganyika, Burundi, Robert S. Copeland, Evariste Nkubaye, Benoit Nzigidahera, John H. Epler, James P. Cuda, and William A. Overholt

The Dynamics and Role of Gender in High-Value Avocado Farming in Kenya, Beatrice Muriithi and Jane Kabubo-Mariara

The economic impacts of house screening against malaria transmission: Experimental evidence from eastern Zambia, Brian Chisanga, Erwin Bulte, Menale Kassie, Clifford Mutero, Freddie Masaninga, and Onyango Peter Sangoro

The economic performance of mango integrated pest management practices at different scales of production, Kelvin Mulungu, Beatrice Wambui Muriithi, Menale Kassie, and Fathiya Mbarak Khamis

The economic, social, and environmental impact of ecologically centered integrated pest management practices in East Africa, Kelvin Mulungu, Zewdu Abro, Saliou Niassy, Beatrice Muriithi, Jimmy Picthar, Michael Kidoido, Sevgan Subramanian, Samira Mohamed, Zeyaur Khan, Girma Hailu, and Menale Kassie

The effectiveness of dissemination pathways on adoption of "Push-Pull" Technology in Western Kenya, A. W. Murage, G. Obare, J. Chianu, D. M. Amudavi, Cao Mildega, J. A. Pickett, and Z. R. Khan

The effect of a mass distribution of insecticide-treated nets on insecticide resistance and entomological inoculation rates of Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Bandundu City, Democratic Republic of Congo, Emery Metelo-Matubi, Josué Zanga, Guillaume Binene, Nono Mvuama, Solange Ngamukie, Jadis Nkey, Pauline Schopp, Maxwell Bamba, Seth Irish, Jean Nguya-Kalemba-maniania, Sylvie Fasine, Jonas Nagahuedi, Jean Jacques Muyembe, and Paul Mansiangi

The effect of annual flower strips on pollinator visitation and fruit set of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) in Kenya, Nadia K. Toukem, Thomas Dubois, Samira A. Mohamed, H. Michael G. Lattorff, Kurt Jordaens, and Abdullahi A. Yusuf

The effect of brown and white rot fungi on wood consumption and survival of Coptotermes lacteus (Froggatt) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in a laboratory bioassay, M. Lenz

The effect of climate variability in the efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium acridum against the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria, Samuel F. Kamga, Frank T. Ndjomatchoua, Ritter A. Guimapi, Ingeborg Klingen, Clément Tchawoua, Anne Grete Roer Hjelkrem, Karl H. Thunes, and Francois M. Kakmeni

The effect of combined application of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and the release of predatory mite Phytoseiulus longipes for the control of the spider mite Tetranychus evansi on tomato, Nguya K. Maniania, Sunday Ekesi, Miriam M. Kungu, Daisy Salifu, and Ramasamy Srinivasan

The effect of domestic detergents on the population dynamics of the immature stages of two competitor mosquitoes, Culex cinereus Theobald and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera, Culicidae) in Kenya, R. Subra, M. W. Service, and F. W. Mosha

The effect of dose on the antimalarial efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine: A systematic review and pooled analysis of individual patient data, N. M. Anstey, R. N. Price, T. M.E. Davis, H. A. Karunajeewa, I. Mueller, U. D'Alessandro, A. Massougbodji, F. Nikiema, J. B. Ouédraogo, H. Tinto, I. Zongo, A. Same-Ekobo, M. Koné, H. Menan, W. Yavo, A. O. Touré, P. E. Kofoed, B. H. Alemayehu, D. Jima, E. Baudin, E. Espié, C. Nabasumba, L. Pinoges, B. Schramm, M. Cot, P. Deloron, J. F. Faucher, and J. P. Guthmann

The effect of essential oils of tagetes minuta and tithonia diversifolia on on-host behaviour of the brown ear tick rhipicephalus appendiculatus, W. Wanzala, A. Hassanali, W. R. Mukabana, and W. Takken

The effect of grassy field margins and fertilizer on soil water, plant nutrient levels, stem borer attacks and yield of maize in the humid forest zone of Cameroon, Rose Ndemah, Fritz Schulthess, and Christian Nolte

The effect of host blood in the in vitro transformation of bloodstream trypanosomes by tsetse midgut homogenates, Edward K. Nguu, Ellie O. Osir, Mabel O. Imbuga, and Norah K. Olembo

The effect of host larvae on three Psyttalia species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), parasitoids of fruit-infesting flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), M. K. Billah, S. Kimani-Njogu, W. A. Overholt, R. A. Wharton, D. D. Wilson, and M. A. Cobblah

The effect of mass mosquito trapping on malaria transmission and disease burden (SolarMal): a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial, Tobias Homan, Alexandra Hiscox, Collins K. Mweresa, Daniel Masiga, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, Prisca Oria, Nicolas Maire, Aurelio Di Pasquale, Mariabeth Silkey, Jane Alaii, Teun Bousema, Cees Leeuwis, Thomas A. Smith, and Willem Takken

The effect of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) oil on oviposition, development and reproductive potentials of Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Yaovi Anani Bruce, Saka Gounou, Adenirin Chabi-Olaye, Homa Smith, and Fritz Schulthess

The effect of nitrogen fertilizer application to maize and sorghum on the bionomics of Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and the performance of its larval parasitoid Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), N. Jiang and F. Schulthess

The effect of pre‐gravid development on the estimation of mosquito survival rates, C. M. Mutero and M. H. Birley

The Effect of Rearing Temperature on the Vector Competence of Ae. aegypti Mosquito Populations from Kilifi and Nairobi Counties for Dengue-2 Virus, Edith Chepkorir

The effect of temperature and humidity on the bionomics of six African egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), A. Kalyebi, W. A. Overholt, F. Schulthess, J. M. Mueke, and S. Sithanantham

The effect of Trypanosoma brucei infection of the localization of salivary gland cholinesterase in Glossina morsitans morsitans., T. K. Golder, N. Y. Patel, and N. Darji

The Effects of a DNA Virus Infection on the Reproductive otential of Female Tsetse Flies, Glossina morsitans centralis and Glossina morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae), Rosemary C. Sang, Walter G.Z.O. Jura, Leonard H. Otieno, and Richard W. Mwangi

The effects of a tsetse DNA virus infection on the functions of the male accessory reproductive gland in the host fly Glossina morsitans centralis (Diptera; Glossinidae), Rosemary C. Sang, Walter G.Z.O. Jura, Leonard H. Otieno, Richard W. Mwangi, and Peter Ogaja

The effects of climatic factors on the distribution and abundance of malaria vectors in Kenya, Noboru Minakawa, George Sonye, Motoyoshi Mogi, Andrew Githeko, and Guiyun Yan

The effects of crude propolis, its volatiles and ethanolic extracts on the ecto-parasitic mite, Varroa destructor and health of the African savannah honey bee, Apis mellifera scutellata, Beatrice T. Nganso and Baldwyn Torto

The effects of farmer community group participation on rural livelihood in Kenya, David M. Amudavi

The effects of fertilizers and mulberry (morus alba l. ) variety on cocoon and silk quality in Kenya, Marion N. Gathumbi

The effects of hive materials on phytochemical and biological properties of honeybee propolis, Timothy M. Kegode and H. Michael G. Lattorff

The effects of landscape complexity and local management on a generalist predator in Kenyan maize push-pull systems, Annika Salzberg, Tim Luttermoser, André Kessler, Charles A.O. Midega, Zeyaur Khan, and Katja Poveda

The effects of non-specifically activated immunity in rabbits on primary infestation with Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, B. C. Njau

The Effects of Pest-Resistant Amaranth Accessions on the Performance of the Solitary Endoparasitoid Apanteles hemara (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Against the Amaranth Leaf-Webber Spoladea recurvalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Stephen T.O. Othim, Srinivasan Ramasamy, Ruth Kahuthia-Gathu, Thomas Dubois, Sunday Ekesi, and Komi K.M. Fiaboe

The efficacy of selected synthetic insecticides and botanicals against fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda, in maize, Birhanu Sisay, Tadele Tefera, Mulatu Wakgari, Gashawbeza Ayalew, and Esayas Mendesil

The Emergence of Theileria parva in Jonglei State, South Sudan: Confirmation Using Molecular and Serological Diagnostic Tools, W. L. Marcellino, D. A. Salih, M. N. Njahira, N. Ndiwa, A. Araba, A. M. El Hussein, U. Seitzer, J. S. Ahmed, R. P. Bishop, and R. A. Skilton

The Endophyte Trichoderma asperellum M2RT4 Induces the Systemic Release of Methyl Salicylate and (Z)-jasmone in Tomato Plant Affecting Host Location and Herbivory of Tuta absoluta, Ayaovi Agbessenou, Komivi S. Akutse, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, and Fathiya M. Khamis

The Entomopathogenic Fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana for Management of the Melon Fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae: Pathogenicity, Horizontal Transmission, and Compatability with Cuelure, Susan K. Onsongo, Samira A. Mohamed, Komivi S. Akutse, Bernard M. Gichimu, and Thomas Dubois

The execution of planned detours by spider-eating predators, Fiona R. Cross and Robert R. Jackson

The Fall Armyworm Endemic: Contriving the perspicacity in the outbreak of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in relation to push-pull technology, Nicholas O. Ogot

The family ismaridae thomson (Hymenoptera, diaprioidea): First record for the afrotropical region with description of fourteen new species, Chang Jun Kim, Robert S. Copeland, and David G. Notton

The feeding behaviour, activity and trappability of wild female Glossina pallidipe in relation to their pregnancy cycle, SARAH E. RANDOLPH, DAVID J. ROGERS, and JOHN KIILU

The feeding behaviour and Plasmodium infection of Anopheles mosquitoes in southern Ethiopia in relation to use of insecticide-treated livestock for malaria control, T. Habtewold, A. R. Walker, C. F. Curtis, E. O. Osir, and N. Thapa

The feeding habits of the tsetse, Glossina pallidipes Austen on the south Kenya coast, in the context of its host range and trypanosome infection rates in other parts of East Africa, W. F. Snow, S. A. Tarimo, C. Staak, and L. Butler

The flight activity of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Teretrius nigrescens Lewis (Coleoptera: Histeridae) in Kenya, Bonaventure Aman Omondi, Nanqing Jiang, Johnnie van den Berg, and Fritz Schulthess

The Functioning of Species-Specific Olfactory Pheromones in the Biology of a Mosquito-Eating Jumping Spider from East Africa, Fiona R. Cross and Robert R. Jackson

The fungus Leptosphaerulina persists in Anopheles gambiae and induces melanization, Godfrey Nattoh, Joel L. Bargul, Gabriel Magoma, Lilian Mbaisi, Hellen Butungi, Enock Mararo, Evan Teal, and Jeremy Keith Herren

The genus Brevinychus Meyer (Acari: Tetranychidae) with the description of a new species from Tanzania, Faith J. Toroitich, Edward A. Ueckermann, Pieter D. Theron, Markus Knapp, and Fabian Haas

The global atlas of edible insects: analysis of diversity and commonality contributing to food systems and sustainability, Evanson R. Omuse, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Abdullahi Ahmed Yusuf, Honest Machekano, James Peter Egonyu, Emily Kimathi, Samira Faris Mohamed, Menale Kassie, Sevgan Subramanian, Juliet Onditi, Serah Mwangi, Sunday Ekesi, and Saliou Niassy

The Glossina proteolytic lectin (Gpl) gene is expressed only in members of Glossina species, M. W. Burugu, B. N. Mbatia, E. O. Osir, E. U. Kenya, and L. U. Abubakar

The humoral defense system in tsetse: Differences in response due to age, sex and antigen types, Godwin P. Kaaya and Nafisa Darjt

The identification of ecdysterone (20-hydroxyecdysone) in 3 species of molluscs (Gastropoda: Pulmonata), D. L. Whitehead and K. Sellheyer

THEILERIOSIS IN MOUNTAIN BONGO REPATRIATED TO Kenya: A CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR INVESTIGATION, Richard P. Bishop, David O. Odongo, Thomas T. Dolan, Rosemary B. Dolan, Robert A. Skilton, and Paul D. Sayer

The impact of beekeeping on household income: evidence from north-western Ethiopia, Zewdu Abro, Menale Kassie, Haymanot Alebel Tiku, Bedaso Taye, Zemen Ayalew Ayele, and Workneh Ayalew

The impact of conventional and organic farming on soil biodiversity conservation: A case study on termites in the long-term farming systems comparison trials in Kenya, John J. Anyango, David Bautze, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Zipporah O. Lagat, Anne W. Muriuki, Sibylle Stöckli, Judith Riedel, Gladys K. Onyambu, Martha W. Musyoka, Edward N. Karanja, and Noah Adamtey

The impact of Desmodium spp. and cutting regimes on the agronomic and economic performance of Desmodium-maize intercropping system in western Kenya, M. Kifuko-Koech, P. Pypers, J. R. Okalebo, C. O. Othieno, Z. R. Khan, J. A. Pickett, A. K. Kipkoech, and B. Vanlauwe

The impact of hive type on the behavior and health of honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera) in Kenya, Alexander McMenamin, Fiona Mumoki, Maryann Frazier, Joseph Kilonzo, Bernard Mweu, Tracey Baumgarten, Harland Patch, Baldwyn Torto, Daniel Masiga, James Tumlinson, Christina Grozinger, and Elliud Muli

The Impact of Human Land use activities and Seasonal changes on the Dung Beetle Diversity of Kakamega Forest Ecosystem, Vincent Shitakule Mahiva

The impact of Ixodiphagus hookeri, a tick parasitoid, on Amblyomma variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae) in a field trial in Kenya, E. N. Mwangi, S. M. Hassan, G. P. Kaaya, and S. Essuman

The impact of Push-pull Technology on incidence and severity of maize ear rots and Mycotoxins in Western Kenya, Owuor Maxwell Juti

The implications of climate change for positive contributions of invertebrates to world agriculture, Matthew J.W. Cock, Jacobus C. Biesmeijer, Raymond J.C. Cannon, Philippa J. Gerard, Dave Gillespie, Juan J. Jiménez, Patrick M. Lavelle, and Suresh K. Raina

The importance of host plant-insect relations in the pest management programme on maize in Africa, Z. T. Dabrowski

The importance of store hygiene for reducing post-harvest losses in smallholder farmers’ stores: Evidence from a maize-based farming system in Kenya, Kobia J. Makinya, John M. Wagacha, Judith A. Odhiambo, Paddy Likhayo, Kukom Edoh-Ognakossan, Tadele Tefera, Adebayo Abass, and Christopher M. Mutungi

The incidence of Chilo partellus (Swinh.) (pyralidae) and the contribution of natural enemies to its mortality under intercropping system in Kenya, G. W. Oloo and K. Ogeda

The influence of ants on the mating strategy of a myrmecophilic jumping spider (Araneae, Salticidae), Ximena J. Nelson and Robert R. Jackson

The influence of farm input subsidies on the adoption of natural resource management technologies, Stefan Koppmair, Menale Kassie, and Matin Qaim

The influence of farm resources and management decisions on the severity of Striga infestation and maize productivity in western Kenya, Leonard Rusinamhodzi, Elodie Nguyen, Helene Marrou, Seraphine Uzamushaka, and Marc Corbeels

The Influence of Food on Trail‐Laying and Recruitment Behaviour in Trinervitermes Bettonianus (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae), G. W. OLOO and R. H. LEUTHOLD

The influence of host blood on infection rates in Glossina morsitans sspp. infected with Trypanosoma congolense, T. brucei and T. simiae, S. Mihok, R. O. Olubayo, N. Darji, and E. Zweygarth

The influence of juvenile hormone analogue on soldier differentiation in the higher termite, Macrotermes michaelseni, B. M. OKOT‐KOTBER

The Influence of Nutritional Status of a Breeding Habitat on the Body Size of Anopheles Mosquito, Joseph Mumo Mwangangi

The influence of salinity on larval development and population dynamics of Anopheles merus Dönitz (Diptera: Culicidae), F. W. Mosha and C. M. Mutero

The influence of temperature on the life table of Hyperaspis notata, B. Stäubli Dreyer, P. Neuenschwander, B. Bouyjou, J. Baumgärtner, and S. Dorn

The influence of water and nutrient management on oil palm yield trends on a large-scale plantation in Ghana, Tiemen Rhebergen, Thomas Fairhurst, Ken E. Giller, and Shamie Zingore

The interaction between the immune response of rabbits to heterologous antigens and a primary infestation with Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, B. C. Njau, M. Nyindo, and A. Mutani

The invasion of the dwarf honeybee, apis florea, along the river nile in Sudan, Mogbel A.A. El-Niweiri, Robin F.A. Moritz, and Michael G.H. Lattorff

The invasive American weed parthenium hysterophorus can negatively impact malaria control in Africa, Vincent O. Nyasembe, Xavier Cheseto, Fatma Kaplan, Woodbridge A. Foster, Peter E.A. Teal, James H. Tumlinson, Christian Borgemeister, and Baldwyn Torto

The invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, in Africa and Asia: responding to the food security challenge, with priorities for integrated pest management research, Esayas Mendesil, Tadele Tefera, Carlos A. Blanco, Silvana V. Paula-Moraes, Fangneng Huang, Diego M. Viteri, and W. D. Hutchison

The investigation of Trypanosoma brucei isolates obtained from Glossina pallidipes in South Nyanza, Kenya, L. H. Otieno and N. Darji

The Kampala statement-for-action on reactive nitrogen in Africa and globally, Mark A. Sutton, Peter Ebanyat, N. Raghuram, Mateete Bekunda, John S. Tenywa, Wilfried Winiwarter, Albert Bleeker, Eric A. Davidson, Jan Willem Erisman, Wim de Vries, James N. Galloway, Patrick Heffer, W. Kevin Hicks, Cargele Masso, Cheryl A. Palm, Clifford S. Snyder, Bernard Vanlauwe, Shamie Zingore, and Delegates of the 6th International

The magnitude of site and time interaction effect in tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) trap catches, A. Odulaja, S. Mihok, and I. M. Abu-Zinid

The malaria cell atlas: Single parasite transcriptomes across the complete Plasmodium life cycle, Virginia M. Howick, Andrew J.C. Russell, Tallulah Andrews, Haynes Heaton, Adam J. Reid, Kedar Natarajan, Hellen Butungi, Tom Metcalf, Lisa H. Verzier, Julian C. Rayner, Matthew Berriman, Jeremy K. Herren, Oliver Billker, Martin Hemberg, Arthur M. Talman, and Mara K.N. Lawniczak

The meaning of predatory specialization as illustrated by Aelurillus m-nigrum, an ant-eating jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae) from Azerbaijan, Elchin F. Huseynov, Robert R. Jackson, and Fiona R. Cross

The natural history of Myrmarachne melanotarsa, a social ant‐mimicking jumping spider, Robert R. Jackson, Ximena J. Nelson, and Kathryn Salm

The nature of the gregarizing signal responsible for maternal transfer of phase to the offspring in the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria, Atem G. Malual, Ahmed Hassanali, Baldwyn Torto, Yousif O.H. Assad, and Peter G.N. Njagi

The nonartemisinin sesquiterpene lactones parthenin and parthenolide block Plasmodium falciparum sexual stage transmission, Jared N. Balaich, Derrick K. Mathias, Baldwyn Torto, Bryan T. Jackson, Dingyin Tao, Babak Ebrahimi, Brian B. Tarimo, Xavier Cheseto, Woodbridge A. Foster, and Rhoel R. Dinglasan

The nutritional profile of the yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) reared on four different substrates, Keandra Langston, Letlhogonolo Selaledi, Chrysantus Tanga, and Abdullahi Yusuf

The Nutritional Profiles of Five Important Edible Insect Species From West Africa—An Analytical and Literature Synthesis, Jacob P. Anankware, Benjamin J. Roberts, Xavier Cheseto, Isaac Osuga, Vincent Savolainen, and C. M. Collins

The nutritive value of black soldier fly larvae reared on common organic waste streams in Kenya, Marwa Shumo, Isaac M. Osuga, Fathiya M. Khamis, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Sevgan Subramanian, Sunday Ekesi, Arnold van Huis, and Christian Borgemeister

The occurrence, diversity and blood feeding patterns of potential vectors of dengue and yellow fever in Kacheliba, West Pokot County, Kenya, E. Chepkorir, M. Venter, J. Lutomiah, F. Mulwa, S. Arum, D. P. Tchouassi, and R. Sang

The One Health approach to identify knowledge, attitudes and practices that affect community involvement in the control of Rift Valley fever outbreaks, Osama Ahmed Hassan, Hippolyte Affognon, Joacim Rocklöv, Peter Mburu, Rosemary Sang, Clas Ahlm, and Magnus Evander

The origin of the 'mycoplasma mycoides cluster' coincides with domestication of ruminants, Anne Fischer, Beth Shapiro, Cecilia Muriuki, Martin Heller, Christiane Schnee, Erik Bongcam-Rudloff, Edy M. Vilei, Joachim Frey, and Joerg Jores

The Overlooked Decomposers: Effects of Composting Materials and Duration on the Mesofauna Mediating Humification, Felix Matheri, Nehemiah Ongeso, David Bautze, Steven Runo, Maina Mwangi, Anne Kelly Kambura, Edward Karanja, Chrysantus Tanga, and Milka Kiboi

The Paradox of ‘Water Is Life’ in a Water Rationed City During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Tavengwa Chitata, Tirivashe Philip Masere, Bester Tawona Mudereri, Blessing Mirika Ndau, Solomon Farai Zirebwa, Batanai Lovemore Sammie, Rangarirayi Lucia Mhindu, Ngonidzashe Lewis Mufute, Kudakwashe Makwena, Dzikamai Chipunza, Joy Mufaro Sibanda, Augustine Mureri, Elvis Tawanda Mupfiga, Neil Mandinyenya Zhou, and Raymond Mugandani

The parasitoid Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris eavesdrops on semiochemicals from its host Tuta absoluta and tomato, Pascal M. Ayelo, Samira A. Mohamed, Anaïs Chailleux, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Christian W.W. Pirk, and Emilie Deletre

The period of insect research in the tropics: a bibliometric analysis, M. C. Moshobane, T. T. Khoza, and S. Niassy

The pest kill rate of thirteen natural enemies as aggregate evaluation criterion of their biological control potential of Tuta absoluta, Joop C. van Lenteren, Alberto Lanzoni, Lia Hemerik, Vanda H.P. Bueno, Johanna G. Bajonero Cuervo, Antonio Biondi, Giovanni Burgio, Francisco J. Calvo, Peter W. de Jong, Silvia N. López, M. Gabriela Luna, Flavio C. Montes, Eliana L. Nieves, Pascal Osa Aigbedion-Atalor, Maria B. Riquelme Virgala, Norma E. Sánchez, and Alberto Urbaneja

The Plant as a Habitat for Entomophagous Insects, L. Kaiser, P. Ode, S. van Nouhuys, P. A. Calatayud, S. Colazza, A. M. Cortesero, A. Thiel, and J. van Baaren

The Plasmodium transmission-blocking symbiont, Microsporidia MB, is vertically transmitted through Anopheles arabiensis germline stem cells, Thomas Ogao Onchuru, Edward Edmond Makhulu, Purity Cassandra Ronnie, Stancy Mandere, Fidel Gabriel Otieno, Joseph Gichuhi, and Jeremy Keith Herren

The population ecology of Glossina pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glossinidae) in the Lambwe Valley, Kenya. I. Feeding behaviour and activity patterns, D. A. Turner

The positive contribution of invertebrates to sustainable agriculture and food security, Matthew J.W. Cock, Jacobus C. Biesmeijer, Raymond J.C. Cannon, Philippa J. Gerard, Dave Gillespie, Juan J. Jimenez, Patrick M. Lavelle, and Suresh K. Raina

The possibilities of explicit Striga (Striga asiatica) risk monitoring using phenometric, edaphic, and climatic variables, demonstrated for Malawi and Zambia, Emily Kimathi, Bester Tawona Mudereri, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Saliou Niassy, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, and Tobias Landmann

The potential contribution and challenges of edible grasshopper (Ruspolia differens) to food and nutrition security in Uganda- a literature review, D. Nabikolo, L. Njue, G. Abong, and M. C. Tanga

The potential distribution of Bactrocera dorsalis: Considering phenology and irrigation patterns, M. De Villiers, V. Hattingh, D. J. Kriticos, S. Brunel, J. F. Vayssières, A. Sinzogan, M. K. Billah, S. A. Mohamed, M. Mwatawala, H. Abdelgader, F. E.E. Salah, and M. De Meyer

The potential economic benefits of controlling trypanosomiasis using waterbuck repellent blend in sub-Saharan Africa, Zewdu Abro, Menale Kassie, Beatrice Muriithi, Michael Okal, Daniel Masiga, Gift Wanda, Ouedraogo Gisèle, Abah Samuel, Etienne Nguertoum, Rock Aimé Nina, Philémon Mansinsa, Yahaya Adam, Mamadou Camara, Pamela Olet, Diarra Boucader, Susana Jamal, Abdoul Razak Issa Garba, Joseph Joachim Ajakaiye, Jean Felix Kinani, Mohamed Adam Hassan, Hezron Nonga, Joyce Daffa, Ambrose Gidudu, and Kalinga Chilongo

The potential economic benefits of insect-based feed in Uganda, Zewdu Abro, Ibrahim Macharia, Kelvin Mulungu, Sevgan Subramanian, Chrysantus Mbi Tanga, and Menale Kassie

The potential impact of integrated malaria transmission control on entomologic inoculation rate in highly endemic areas, G. E. Killeen, F. E. McKenzie, B. D. Foy, C. Schieffelin, P. E. Billingsley, and J. C. Beier

The Potential of Coloured Sticky Traps with Kairomonal Attractants (LUREM-TR) in Management of Thrips on Tomato and French Beans, Alexander Mutua Muvea

The potential of novel African isolates of Phthorimaea operculella granulovirus for the control of Tuta absoluta, Saoussen Ben Tiba, Andreas Larem, Asma Laarif, Eva Fritsch, Karin Undorf-Spahn, Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed, Sunday Ekesi, Jörg T. Wennmann, Jürgen Kroschel, Sami Fattouch, and Johannes A. Jehle

The potential of the extracts of Tagetes minuta Linnaeus (Asteraceae), Acalypha fruticosa Forssk (Euphorbiaceae) and Tarchonanthus camphoratus L. (Compositae) against Phlebotomus duboscqi Neveu Lemaire (Diptera: Psychodidae), the vector for Leishmania major Yakimoff and Schokhor, Laban N. Ireri, Jedida Kongoro, Peter Ngure, Charles Mutai, Bernard Langat, Willy Tonui, Albert Kimutai, and Obadiah Mucheru

The practical importance of permanent and semipermanent habitats for controlling aquatic stages of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes: Operational observations from a rural town in western Kenya, Ulrike Fillinger, George Sonye, Gerry F. Killeen, Bart G.J. Knols, and Norbert Becker

The presence in salivary secretions of glossina morsitans of stages of trypanosoma (trypanozoon) brucei other than those occurring in the salivary glands, L. H. Otieno

The presence of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in human blood increases the gravidity of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, Heather M. Ferguson, Louis C. Gouagna, Peter Obare, Andrew F. Read, Hamza Babiker, John Githure, and John C. Beier

The Prevalence of Trypanosoma Congolense Savannah in Shimba Hills, Kenya and Development of a Genotyping Protocol, Julianne Mendi Muthinja

The probability of tsetse acquiring trypanosome infection from single blood meal in different localities in Kenya, S. A. Tarimo, F. W. Snow, L. Butler, and R. Dransfield

The profitability of maize-haricot bean intercropping techniques to control maize stem borers under low pest densities in Ethiopia, D. Belay, F. Schulthess, and C. Omwega

Therapeutic Potential of Brassica carinata Microgreens Extract in Alleviating Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes in Wistar Rats, Lilian Nakakaawa, Ifeoluwa D. Gbala, Joel L. Bargul, Xavier Cheseto, and John M. Wesonga

The regulation of ovulation in the tsetse‐fly, Glossina pallidipes Austen, Thomas R. Odhiambo

The regulation of preimaginal populations of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) on the Kenya coast. II. Food as a main regulatory factor, R. Subra and J. Mouchet

The relative contributions of host density and genetic diversity on prevalence of a multi-host parasite in bumblebees, Susann Parsche and Michael H.G. Lattorff

The relative efficiencies of Latin square and randomized complete block designs for insect trapping experiments: An investigation using field data on tsetse flies, A. Odulaja and I. M. Abu-Zinid

The response of climbing bean to fertilizer and organic manure in the Northern Province of Rwanda, Edouard Rurangwa, Bernard Vanlauwe, and Ken E. Giller

Thermal adaptation in Lepidoptera under shifting environments: mechanisms, patterns, and consequences, Reyard Mutamiswa, Abongile Mbande, Casper Nyamukondiwa, and Frank Chidawanyika

Thermal performance drifts between the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus and the fall armyworm may threaten the efficacy of biological control under climate change, Macdonald Mubayiwa, Honest Machekano, Brighton M. Mvumi, Winnifred A. Opio, Bame Segaiso, Frank Chidawanyika, and Casper Nyamukondiwa

Thermal stress during larval development reduces viral transmission blocking in Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti, Enock M Mararo

Thermal stress exposure of pupal oriental fruit fly has strong and trait-specific consequences in adult flies, Reyard Mutamiswa, Vimbai Lisa Tarusikirwa, Casper Nyamukondiwa, Ross N. Cuthbert, and Frank Chidawanyika

Thermal tolerance in Spodoptera frugiperda: Influence of age, sex, and mating status, Abongile Mbande, Reyard Mutamiswa, and Frank Chidawanyika

Thermal tolerance of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei: Predictions of climate change impact on a tropical insect pest, Juliana Jaramillo, Adenirin Chabi-Olaye, Charles Kamonjo, Alvaro Jaramillo, Fernando E. Vega, Hans Michael Poehling, and Christian Borgemeister

The role for osmotic agents in children with acute encephalopathies: A systematic review, Samson Gwer, Hellen Gatakaa, Leah Mwai, Richard Idro, and Charles R. Newton

The role of Desmodium intortum, Brachiaria sp. and Phaseolus vulgaris in the management of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) in maize cropping systems in Africa, Laetitia Scheidegger, Saliou Niassy, Charles Midega, Xavier Chiriboga, Nicolas Delabays, François Lefort, Roger Zürcher, Girma Hailu, Zeyaur Khan, and Sevgan Subramanian

The role of different components of the pheromone emission of mature males of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria (forskâl) (orthoptera: acrididae) in accelerating maturation of immature adults, Hassane Mahamat, Ahmed Hassanali, and Hezekiel Odongo

The role of gender on malaria preventive behaviour among rural households in Kenya, Gracious M. Diiro, Hippolyte D. Affognon, Beatrice W. Muriithi, Sarah Kingori Wanja, Charles Mbogo, and Clifford Mutero

The role of host management in tick population changes on Rusinga Island, Kenya, D. K. Punyua and S. M. Hassan

The role of host plant resistance and intercropping in integrated pest management (IPM) with specific reference to the Oyugis project, E. O. Omolo, B. Nyambo, C. O.J. Simbi, and P. Ollimo

The Role of Hyalomma Truncatum on the Dynamics of Rift Valley Fever: Insights from a Mathematical Epidemic Model, Sansao A. Pedro, Shirley Abelman, and Henri E.Z. Tonnang

The role of information and communication technologies-based extension in agriculture: application, opportunities and challenges, Kelvin Mulungu, Menale Kassie, and Maurice Tschopp

The role of intercropping different cereal species in controlling lepidopteran stemborers on maize in Kenya, J. M. Songa, N. Jiang, F. Schulthess, and C. Omwega

The role of lipid competition for endosymbiont-mediated protection against parasitoid wasps in Drosophila, Juan C. Paredes, Jeremy K. Herren, Fanny Schüpfer, and Bruno Lemaitre

The role of nitrogen fixation and crop N dynamics on performance and legacy effects of maize-grain legumes intercrops on smallholder farms in Tanzania, E. Mugi-Ngenga, L. Bastiaans, S. Zingore, N. P.R. Anten, and K. E. Giller

The role of numerical competence in a specialized predatory strategy of an araneophagic spider, Ximena J. Nelson and Robert R. Jackson

The Role of Social Capital in Malaria Control in Nyabondo, Western Kenya, David Mensah

The role of social-psychological factors in the adoption of push-pull technology by small-scale farmers in East Africa: Application of the theory of planned behavior, Denis Waiswa, Beatrice Wambui Muriithi, Alice W. Murage, Dave Mwangi Ireri, Fredah Maina, Frank Chidawanyika, and Fahri Yavuz

The role of Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri (Eulophidae: Hymenoptera) in natural control of Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Tephritidae: Diptera) and its temporal abundance in Sudan, M. E.E. Mahmoud, S. A. Mohamed, F. M. Khamis, M. A.I. Basher, and S. Ekesi

The Role of Trialeurodes vaporariorum-Infested Tomato Plant Volatiles in the Attraction of Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Pascal M. Ayelo, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Christian W.W. Pirk, Samira A. Mohamed, Anaїs Chailleux, and Emilie Deletre

The role of wild host plants in the abundance of lepidopteran stem borers along altitudinal gradient in Kenya, George O. Ong’amo, Bruno P.Le Rü, Stéphane Dupas, Pascal Moyal, Eric Muchugu, Paul André Calatayud, and Jean François Silvain

The saliva microbiome of Pan and Homo, Jing Li, Ivan Nasidze, Dominique Quinque, Mingkun Li, Hans Peter Horz, Claudine André, Rosa M. Garriga, Michel Halbwax, Anne Fischer, and Mark Stoneking

The selection of pupation sites by the stalk‐eyed fly Diopsis thoracica (Diptera: Diopsidae) and pupal parasitism in some rice cultivars, ALIYAGEEN M. ALGHALI

The Significance of Napier Grass Stunt Phytoplasma and Its Transmission to Cereals and Sugarcane, George O. Asudi, Johnnie van den Berg, Charles A.O. Midega, John A. Pickett, and Zeyaur R. Khan

The soil microbiomes of forest ecosystems in Kenya: their diversity and environmental drivers, Lorine Akinyi Onyango, Florence Atieno Ngonga, Edward Nderitu Karanja, Josiah Ochieng Kuja, Hamadi Iddi Boga, Don A. Cowan, Kennedy Wanjau Mwangi, Marianne Wughanga Maghenda, Pedro Bixirao Neto Marinho Lebre, and Anne Kelly Kambura

The South America Tomato Leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), Spreads Its Wings in Eastern Africa: Distribution and Socioeconomic Impacts, Pascal Osa Aigbedion-Atalor, Martin P. Hill, Myron P. Zalucki, Francis Obala, Gamal E. Idriss, Soul Kifouly Midingoyi, Maneno Chidege, Sunday Ekesi, and Samira Abuelgasim Mohamed

The Spatial Distribution of Mosquitoes Related To the Environment on Rusinga Island, Western Kenya, Cornao Vreugdenhil

The Spatial Distribution of Mosquitoes Related To the Environment on Rusinga Island, Western Kenya, Corne Vreugdenhil

The survival and parasitism rate of tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on its host exposed to beauveria bassiana (ascomycota: Hypocreales), Luis Carlos Ramos Aguila, Komivi Senyo Akutse, Hafiza Javaria Ashraf, Bamisope Steve Bamisile, Jingyi Lin, Jiawang Dai, Huiting Wang, and Liande Wang

The temporal correlation and spatial synchrony in the stemborer and parasitoid system of Coast Kenya with climate effects, Nanqing Jiang, Guofa Zhou, William A. Overholt, Eric Muchugu, and Fritz Schulthess

The temporal correlation and spatial synchrony in the stemborer and parasitoid system of Coast Kenya with climate effects, C. Inayatullah, S. El Bashir, and A. Hassanali

The tetranychid mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) of Kenya and a redescription of the species Peltanobia erasmusi Meyer (Acari: Tetranychidae) based on males, Faith J. Toroitich, Edward A. Ueckermann, Pieter D. Theron, and Markus Knapp

The underground passages and storage pits used in foraging by a nest of the termite Macrotermes michaelseni in Kajiado, Kenya, Johanna P.E.C. Darlington

The use of a phenology model and of risk analyses for planning buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) sowing dates in Alpine areas, Johann Baumgärtner, Per Schilperoord, Paolo Basetti, Alberto Baiocchi, and Mauro Jermini

The use of a semiochemical bait to enhance exposure of Amblyomma variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae) to Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), F. Nchu, N. K. Maniania, A. Touré, A. Hassanali, and J. N. Eloff

The use of entomopathogenic fungi in the control of tsetse flies, Nguya K. Maniania and Sunday Ekesi

The use of multisource spatial data for determining the proliferation of stingless bees in Kenya, David Masereti Makori, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Nelly Ndungu, John Odindi, Onisimo Mutanga, Tobias Landmann, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, and Nkoba Kiatoko

The use of odour attractants for sampling Glossina pallidipes Austen(Diptera: Glossinidae) at Nguruman, Kenya, R. D. Dransfield, R. Brightwell, M. F. Chaudhury, T. K. Golder, and S. A.R. Tarimo

The use of push-pull strategies in integrated pest management, Samantha M. Cook, Zeyaur R. Khan, and John A. Pickett

The use of reverse‐phase C18‐bonded silica for the trapping, concentration and analysis of headspace vapour from model organic compounds, banana pseudostem and black pepper, Isaiah O. Ndiege, Dalmas O. Otieno, William J. Budenberg, and Ahmed Hassanali

The utility of AISA eagle hyperspectral data and random forest classifier for flower mapping, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, David M. Makori, Tobias Landmann, Rami Piiroinen, Seif Gasim, Petri Pellikka, and Suresh K. Raina

The value chain of the edible caterpillar Elaphrodes lactea Gaede (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) in the Miombo forest of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Olivier Bomolo, Saliou Niassy, Chrysantus M. Tanga, Auguste Chocha, Laetitia Tartibu, Mylor N. Shutcha, Baboy Longanza, Sunday Ekesi, and David M. Bugeme

The Value of Information in Decision-Analytic Modeling for Malaria Vector Control in East Africa, Dohyeong Kim, Zachary Brown, Richard Anderson, Clifford Mutero, Marie Lynn Miranda, Jonathan Wiener, and Randall Kramer

THE YIELD GAP: CLOSING the GAP by WIDENING the APPROACH, Katherine A. Snyder, Sriyanie Miththapala, Rolf Sommer, and Juliet Braslow

Thinking outside the plot: Addressing low adoption of sustainable land management in sub-Saharan Africa, Justine E. Cordingley, Katherine A. Snyder, Judith Rosendahl, Fred Kizito, and Deborah Bossio

Thorsellia anophelis is the dominant bacterium in a Kenyan population of adult Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, Aurelio M. Briones, Josephat Shililu, John Githure, Robert Novak, and Lutgarde Raskin

Thorsellia anophelis is the dominant bacterium in a Kenyan population of adult Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, C. M. MUTERO, M. J. MUTINGA, and F. A. AMIMO

Three-gene PCR and high-resolution melting analysis for differentiating vertebrate species mitochondrial DNA for biodiversity research and complementing forensic surveillance, Daniel O. Ouso, Moses Y. Otiende, Maamun M. Jeneby, Joseph W. Oundo, Joel L. Bargul, Scott E. Miller, Lillian Wambua, and Jandouwe Villinger

Three new flavonoids from the root of Tephrosia emoroides and their antifeedant activity against the larvae of the spotted stalk borer Chilo partellus Swinhoe, A. K. Machocho, W. Lwande, J. I. Jondiko, L. V.C. Moreka, and A. Hassanali

Threshold temperatures and thermal requirements of black soldier fly Hermetia illucens: Implications for mass production, Shaphan Yong Chia, Chrysantus Mbi Tanga, Fathiya M. Khamis, Samira A. Mohamed, Daisy Salifu, Subramanian Sevgan, Komi K.M. Fiaboe, Saliou Niassy, Joop J.A. Van Loon, Marcel Dicke, and Sunday Ekesi

Through the lens of inequality: what can we learn from CGIAR as a case study of research on the climate–security nexus?, Tanaya Dutta Gupta, Bia Carneiro, Frans Schapendonk, Grazia Pacillo, Ma Suza, and Peter Läderach

Tibial campaniform sensilla of Glossina morsitans, S. M. Waladde, E. D. Kokwaro, R. Galun, and M. Chimtawi

Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestations on Zebu cattle in western Kenya: seasonal dynamics of four species of ticks on traditionally managed cattle., D. K. Punyua, A. A. Latif, S. Nokoe, and P. B. Capstick

Tick-borne lymphadenopathy-like condition in an African woman in Kenya, Wycliffe Wanzala and Sopher Natuluku Ondiaka

Tick-borne pathogens, including Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, at livestock markets and slaughterhouses in western Kenya, Tatenda Chiuya, Daniel K. Masiga, Laura C. Falzon, Armanda D.S. Bastos, Eric M. Fèvre, and Jandouwe Villinger

Tick infestations on Zebu cattle in western Kenya: host resistance to Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Acari: Ixodidae)., A. A. Latif, D. K. Punyua, P. B. Capstick, and R. M. Newson

Tick infestations on Zebu cattle in western Kenya: individual host variation., A. A. Latif, D. K. Punyua, S. Nokoe, and P. B. Capstick

Tick infestations on Zebu cattle in western Kenya: quantitative assessment of host resistance., A. A. Latif, S. Nokoe, D. K. Punyua, and P. B. Capstick

Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) associated with wildlife and vegetation of Haller park along the Kenyan coastline, W. Wanzala and S. Okanga

Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting cattle in coastal Kenya harbor a diverse array of tick-borne pathogens, Joseph Wang ang a. Oundo, Shewit Kalayou, Quirine ten Bosch, Jandouwe Villinger, Constantianus J.M. Koenraadt, and Daniel Masiga

Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of the Nile monitor on Rusinga Island, Kenya., D. K. Punyua and A. A. Latif

Ticks and tick-borne diseases: A vector-host interaction model for the brown ear tick (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus), H. G. Mwambi, J. Baumgärtner, and K. P. Hadeler

Ticks and tick-borne pathogens associated with dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Northern Kenya, Dennis Getange, Joel L. Bargul, Esther Kanduma, Marisol Collins, Boku Bodha, Diba Denge, Tatenda Chiuya, Naftaly Githaka, Mario Younan, Eric M. Fèvre, Lesley Bell-Sakyi, and Jandouwe Villinger

Ticks and tick-borne viruses from livestock hosts in arid and semiarid regions of the eastern and northeastern parts of Kenya, Joel Lutomiah, Lillian Musila, Albina Makio, Caroline Ochieng, Hellen Koka, Edith Chepkorir, James Mutisya, Francis Mulwa, Samoel Khamadi, Barry R. Miller, Joshua Bast, David Schnabel, Eyako K. Wurapa, and Rosemary Sang

Ticks and tlck-borne parasites associated with indigenous cattle in didtuyura ranch, southern ethiopia, G. Solomon, G. P. Kaaya, F. Gebreab, T. Gemetchu, and G. Tllahun

Time allocation of Orius sauteri in attacking Thrips palmi on an eggplant leaf, Eizi Yano, Nanqing Jiang, Lia Hemerik, Masatoshi Mochizuki, Takayuki Mitsunaga, and Takeshi Shimoda

Time and frequency of applications of entomopathogenic nematodes and their persistence for control of western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis, Difabachew Belay, Lemma Ebssa, and Christian Borgemeister

Time-course haemolymph juvenile hormone titres in solitarious and gregarious adults of Schistocerca gregaria, and their relation to pheromone emission, CA volumetric changes and oocyte growth, Amer I. Tawfik, Karl Treiblmayr, Ahmed Hassanali, and E. O. Osir

Timid spider uses odor and visual cues to actively select protected nesting sites near ants, Ximena J. Nelson and Robert R. Jackson

Tip-recording from ixodid tick olfactory sensilla: Responses to tick related odours, S. M. Waladde

Tissue specificity in social context-dependent lysozyme expression in Bumblebees, H. Michael G. Lattorff

Tissue-specific localization of tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from camels in Kenya: insights into vector competence, Rua Khogali, Armanda Bastos, Joel L. Bargul, Dennis Getange, James Kabii, Daniel Masiga, and Jandouwe Villinger

Titres of precocene ii (6, 7‐dimethoxy‐2, 2‐ dimethylchromene) and its metabolites in the haemolymph of larvae of the african armyworm Spodoptera exempta (walker) following topical treatment with the compound, Alan R. McCaffery and Phillip G. McDowell

Topography and malaria transmission heterogeneity in western Kenya highlands: Prospects for focal vector control, Andrew K. Githeko, John M. Ayisi, Peter K. Odada, Francis K. Atieli, Bryson A. Ndenga, John I. Githure, and Guiyun Yan

Total phenolic and flavonoid content of P. armata honey and propolis produced in Bomet, Kisii and Maralal, Kenya, Timothy Mugodo Kegode, Hosea O. Mokaya, and Nkoba Kiatoko

Toward an understanding of the systematics and evolution of the genus Acrapex Hampson, 1894 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Apameini: Sesamiina): molecular phylogenetics of the genus and review of the species-rich Acrapex aenigma group, Bruno Le Ru, Claire Capdevielle-Dulac, Boaz K. Musyoka, Beatrice Pallangyo, Mohamedi Njaku, Muluken Goftishu, Yoseph Assefa, Gilson Chipabika, Desmong Conlong, George Ong’amo, Jérôme Barbut, and Gael J. Kergoat

Towards accurate spatial prediction of Glossina pallidipes relative densities at country-scale in Kenya, Stella Gachoki, Thomas A. Groen, Anton Vrieling, Andrew Skidmore, and Daniel Masiga

Towards a global DNA barcode reference library for quarantine identifications of lepidopteran stemborers, with an emphasis on sugarcane pests, Timothy R.C. Lee, Stacey J. Anderson, Lucy T.T. Tran-Nguyen, Nader Sallam, Bruno P. Le Ru, Desmond Conlong, Kevin Powell, Andrew Ward, and Andrew Mitchell

Towards closing cassava yield gap in West Africa: Agronomic efficiency and storage root yield responses to NPK fertilizers, J. G. Adiele, A. G.T. Schut, R. P.M. van den Beuken, K. S. Ezui, P. Pypers, A. O. Ano, C. N. Egesi, and K. E. Giller

Towards combining self-organizing maps (SOM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) for improving model accuracy: Application to malaria vectors phenotypic resistance, Komi Mensah Agboka, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Daisy Salifu, Brian Kanji, Frank T. Ndjomatchoua, Ritter A.Y. Guimapi, Sunday Ekesi, and Landmann Tobias

Towards early response to desert locust swarming in eastern Africa by estimating timing of hatching, Tobias Landmann, Komi M. Agboka, Igor Klein, Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman, Emily Kimathi, Bester T. Mudereri, Benard Malenge, Mahgoub M. Mohamed, and Henri E.Z. Tonnang

Towards improving East Coast fever (ECF) diagnosis: Validation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for rapid detection of Theileria parva, the causative agent of ECF in cattle, Moses Njahira Ndotono

Towards more equal footing in north–south biodiversity research: European and sub-Saharan viewpoints, Jan Christian Habel, Hilde Eggermont, Sven Günter, Ronald K. Mulwa, Marco Rieckmann, Lian Pin Koh, Saliou Niassy, J. Willem H. Ferguson, Gelaye Gebremichael, Mwangi Githiru, Wolfgang W. Weisser, and Luc Lens

Towards precision irrigation management: A review of GIS, remote sensing and emerging technologies, Erion Bwambale, Zita Naangmenyele, Parfait Iradukunda, Komi Mensah Agboka, Eva A.Y. Houessou-Dossou, Daniel A. Akansake, Michael E. Bisa, Abdoul Aziz H. Hamadou, Joseph Hakizayezu, Oluwaseun Elijah Onofua, and Sylvester R. Chikabvumbwa

Towards realizing the potential of apiculture for honey production and crop pollination, Tsedeke Abate and Workneh Ayalew

Towards the selection of cattle for tick resistance in Africa, J. J. de Castro, P. B. Capstick, S. Nokoe, H. Kiara, F. Rinkanya, R. Slade, O. Okello, and L. Bennun

Toxic ipomeamarone accumulation in healthy parts of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) storage roots upon infection by Rhizopus stolonifer, Lydia N. Wamalwa, Xavier Cheseto, Elizabeth Ouna, Fatma Kaplan, Nguya K. Maniania, Jesse Machuka, Baldwyn Torto, and Marc Ghislain

Toxicity and protectant potential of camphor, a major component of essential oil of ocimum kilimandscharicum, against four stored product beetles, D. Obeng-Ofori, C. H. Reichmuth, A. J. Bekele, and A. Hassanali

Toxicological assessment of a tsetse repellent developed for smallholder indigenous communities of sub-Saharan Africa, on the health of exposed animals, Peninah Munyua

Toxicity of six plant extracts and two pyridone alkaloids from Ricinus communis against the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, Sabina Wangui Wachira, Sabar Omar, Julia Wanjiru Jacob, Martin Wahome, Hans T. Alborn, David R. Spring, Daniel K. Masiga, and Baldwyn Torto

Tracking Nitrate Sources in the Lower Kagera River in the Lake Victoria Basin: Insights from Hydrochemistry, Isotopes, and the MixSIAR Model, Catherine Mathenge, Stephen Mureithi, Pascal Boeckx, Benjamin Nyilitya, and Cargele Masso

Tracking the feeding patterns of tsetse flies (glossina genus) by analysis of bloodmeals using mitochondrial cytochromes genes, Catherine N. Muturi, Johnson O. Ouma, Imna I. Malele, Raphael M. Ngure, Jane J. Rutto, Klaus M. Mithöfer, John Enyaru, and Daniel K. Masiga

Tracking the mutual shaping of the technical and social dimensions of solar-powered mosquito trapping systems (SMoTS) for malaria control on Rusinga Island, western Kenya, Prisca A. Oria, Alexandra Hiscox, Jane Alaii, Margaret Ayugi, Wolfgang Richard Mukabana, Willem Takken, and Cees Leeuwis

Traditional ecological knowledge and non-food uses of stingless bee honey in Kenya’s last pocket of tropical rainforest, Madeleine Héger, Pierre Noiset, Kiatoko Nkoba, and Nicolas J. Vereecken

Traditional use of mosquito-repellent plants in western Kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against Anopheles gambiae: Ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning, A. Seyoum, K. Pålsson, S. Kung’a, E. W. Kabiru, W. Lwande, G. F. Killeen, A. Hassanali, and B. G.J. Knols

Trail-following in termites: Evidence for a multicomponent system, M. Kaib, O. Bruinsma, and R. H. Leuthold

Transaction costs magnitudes, market participation, and smallholder profitability in rural-urban vegetable supply chain, Bensolomon Baraka, John Mburu, and Beatrice Muriithi

Transcriptome and differential expression analysis of chemosensory genes in the antennae and heads of Apis cerana cerana drones, Shan Zhao, Jiao Wu, Tao Geng, Jinglin Gao, Abebe Jenberie Wubie, Junfeng Liu, and Shijie Wang

Transcriptomic profiling of Trypanosoma congolense mouthpart parasites from naturally infected flies, Sara Silva Pereira, Kawira Mathenge, Daniel Masiga, and Andrew Jackson

Transcriptomic response of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto mosquito larvae to Curry tree (Murraya koenigii) phytochemicals, Clarence M. Mang’era, Fathiya M. Khamis, Erick O. Awuoche, Ahmed Hassanali, Fidelis Levi Odhiambo Ombura, and Paul O. Mireji

Transcriptomics reveal potential vaccine antigens and a drastic increase of upregulated genes during Theileria parva development from arthropod to bovine infective stages, Triza Tonui, Pilar Corredor-Moreno, Esther Kanduma, Joyce Njuguna, Moses N. Njahira, Steven G. Nyanjom, Joana C. Silva, Appolinaire Djikeng, and Roger Pelle

Transdisciplinary research: Collaborative leadership and empowerment towards sustainability of push-pull technology, Isaac Mbeche Nyang'au, Girma Kelboro, Anna Katharina Hornidge, Charles A.O. Midega, and Christian Borgemeister

Transferability of tsetse habitat models between different regions in Kenya and Rwanda, Stella Gachoki, Anton Vrieling, Thomas A. Groen, Andrew Skidmore, and Daniel Masiga

Transfer of inoculum of Metarhizium anisopliae between adult Glossina morsitans morsitans and effects of fungal infection on blood feeding and mating behaviors, Nguya K. Maniania, Matilda A. Okech, James O. Adino, Jacob O. Opere, and Sunday Ekesi

Transformation scenarios towards multifunctional landscapes: A multi-criteria land-use allocation model applied to Jambi Province, Indonesia, Volker von Groß, Kibrom T. Sibhatu, Alexander Knohl, Matin Qaim, Edzo Veldkamp, Dirk Hölscher, Delphine Clara Zemp, Marife D. Corre, Ingo Grass, Sebastian Fiedler, Christian Stiegler, Bambang Irawan, Leti Sundawati, Kai Husmann, and Carola Paul

Transformations to sustainability: combining structural, systemic and enabling approaches, Ian Scoones, Andrew Stirling, Dinesh Abrol, Joanes Atela, Lakshmi Charli-Joseph, Hallie Eakin, Adrian Ely, Per Olsson, Laura Pereira, Ritu Priya, Patrick van Zwanenberg, and Lichao Yang

Transforming imaginations? Multiple dimensionalities and temporalities as vital complexities in transformations to sustainability, Andy Stirling, Rose Cairns, Phil Johnstone, and Joel Onyango

Transgene expression and locus structure of Bt cotton, M. F. Grossi-De-Sa, W. A. Lucena, M. L. de Souza, A. L. Nepomuceno, E. O. Osir, N. O. Amugune, Tran Thi Cuc Hoa, Truong Nam Hai, D. A. Somers, and E. Romano

Transgenic Expression of the Tsetse fly Glossina Fuscipes Fuscipes Olfactory Receptor, or67d, in Drosophila Melanogaster, Bishola Tania

Transmission Dynamics of Crimean–Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV): Evidence of Circulation in Humans, Livestock, and Rodents in Diverse Ecologies in Kenya, Dorcus C.A. Omoga, David P. Tchouassi, Marietjie Venter, Edwin O. Ogola, Josephine Osalla, Anne Kopp, Inga Slothouwer, Baldwyn Torto, Sandra Junglen, and Rosemary Sang

Transmission of ‘candidatus anaplasma camelii’ to mice and rabbits by camel-specific keds, hippobosca camelina, Joel L. Bargul, Kevin O. Kidambasi, Merid N. Getahun, Jandouwe Villinger, Robert S. Copeland, Jackson M. Muema, Mark Carrington, and Daniel K. Masiga

Transmission of Theileria Parva by a Population of Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus Under Simulated Natural Conditions, A. S. Young, B. L. Leitch, T. T. Dolan, P. N. Ngumi, and P. L. Omwoyo

Transmission of Theileria parva to cattle by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adults fed as nymphae in vitro on infected blood through an artificial membrane, S. M. Waladde, A. S. Young, S. A. Ochieng, S. N. Mwaura, and F. N. Kima

Transmission of viruses causing maize lethal necrosis disease through seed in commercial hybrids and effect on growth in the subsequent crop, Teresa Nyambura Kinyungu, James Wanjohi Muthomi, Sevgan Subramanian, Douglas Watuku Miano, and Florence Mmogi Olubayo

Trap-catches, nutritional condition and the timing of activity of the tsetse fly Glossina longipennis (Diptera: Glossinidae), Sarah E. Randolph, D. J. Rogers, R. D. Dransfield, and R. Brightwell

Trapping, identification and rearing of edible palm weevils in Kenya and Uganda, J. P. Egonyu, K. J. Gitonga, F. M. Khamis, R. S. Copeland, P. Finyange, R. Odhiambo, G. Ddamulira, C. M. Tanga, and S. Subramanian

Trapping of Aethina tumida murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) from Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies with an in-hive baited trap, Baldwyn Torto, Richard T. Arbogast, Dennis Van Engelsdorp, Steven Willms, Dusti Purcell, Drion Boucias, James H. Tumlinson, and Peter E.A. Teal

Trapping of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) vectors using Light Emitting Diode (LED) CDC traps in two arboviral disease hot spots in Kenya, David P. Tchouassi, Rosemary Sang, Catherine L. Sole, Armanda D.S. Bastos, Lee W. Cohnstaedt, and Baldwyn Torto

Trapping of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae with odour-baited MM-X traps in semi-field conditions in western Kenya, Basilio N. Njiru, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, Willem Takken, and Bart G.J. Knols

Traps and odour baits for the tsetse fly, Glossina longipennis (Diptera: Glossinidae), C. Kyorku, R. Brightwell, and R. D. Dransfield

Treatment failure of pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine and induction of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytaemia in children in western Kenya, J. T. Bousema, L. C. Gouagna, A. M. Meutstege, B. E. Okech, N. I.J. Akim, J. I. Githure, J. C. Beier, and R. W. Sauerwein

Tree spatial structure, host composition and resource availability influence mirid density or black pod prevalence in cacao agroforests in cameroon, Cynthia Gidoin, Régis Babin, Leïla Bagny Beilhe, Christian Cilas, Gerben Martijn Ten Hoopen, and Marie Ange Ngo Bieng

Trichomes and resistance to major insect pests in cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.: A review, S. Oghiakhe

Triple bag hermetic storage delivers a lethal punch to Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in stored maize, A. W. Njoroge, H. D. Affognon, C. M. Mutungi, J. Manono, P. O. Lamuka, and L. L. Murdock

Triple-layer plastic bags protect dry common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) against damage by acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) during storage, C. Mutungi, H. D. Affognon, A. W. Njoroge, J. Manono, D. Baributsa, and L. L. Murdock

Tritrophic Interactions Mediated by Zoophytophagous Predator-Induced Host Plant Volatiles, Bashiru Adams, Abdullahi Ahmed Yusuf, Baldwyn Torto, and Fathiya Mbarak Khamis

Trophic habits of aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae): Their adaptive significance and relevance to dispersal, Richard T. Arbogast, Baldwyn Torto, Steve Willms, and Peter E.A. Teal

Trophic influences on survival, development and reproduction of Hyperaspis notata (Col., Coccinellidae), B. Stäubli Dreyer, P. Neuenschwander, J. Baumgärtner, and S. Dorn

Tropical forage technologies can deliver multiple benefits in Sub-Saharan Africa. A meta-analysis, Birthe K. Paul, Jessica Koge, Brigitte L. Maass, An Notenbaert, Michael Peters, Jeroen C.J. Groot, and Pablo Tittonell

Trypanosoma brucei-cultivation in vitro of infective forms derived from the midgut of Glossina morsitans, M. Nyindo, N. Darji, J. S. Kaminjolo, M. Chimtawi, N. Patel, and P. Onyango

Trypanosoma brucei: Infectivity and immunogenicity of cultured parasites, Mramba Nyindo and Bruce T. Wellde

Trypanosoma brucei: In vitro propagation of metacyclic forms derived from the salivary glands of Glossina morsitans, M. Nyindo, N. Patel, N. Darji, and T. K. Golder

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense transmitted by a single tsetse fly bite in vervet monkeys as a model of human African trypanosomiasis, John K. Thuita, John M. Kagira, David Mwangangi, Enock Matovu, C. M.R. Turner, and Daniel Masiga

Trypanosoma congolense: Drug resistance during cyclical transmissions in tsetse flies and syringe passages in mice, J. H.P. Nyeko, T. K. Golder, L. H. Otieno, and G. S.Z. Ssenyonga

Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense: Molecular characterization of a new genotype from Tsavo, Kenya, P. A.O. Majiwa, M. Maina, J. N. Waitumbi, S. Mihok, and E. Zweygarth

Trypanosoma simiae in the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) and the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius), Steve Mihok, Erich Zweygarth, Eli N. Munyoki, John Wambua, and Richard Kock

Trypanosome diversity in Lambwe Valley, Kenya-Sex or selection? Reply, Steve Mihok and Leonard H. Otieno

Trypanosome infection rate in cattle at Nguruman, Kenya, R. A. Tarimo-Nesbitt, T. K. Golder, R. D. Dransfield, M. F. Chaudhury, and R. Brightwell

Trypanosome infection rates in tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) and cattle during tsetse control operations in the Kagera River region of Rwanda, Steve Mihok, Leonard H. Otieno, and Christopher S. Tarimo

Trypanosomes infection, endosymbionts, and host preferences in tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) collected from Akagera park region, Rwanda: A correlational xenomonitoring study, Richard S. Gashururu, Ndichu Maingi, Samuel M. Githigia, Dennis O. Getange, Jean B. Ntivuguruzwa, Richard Habimana, Giuliano Cecchi, James Gashumba, Joel L. Bargul, and Daniel K. Masiga

Trypanosomiasis and the conservation of black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) at the Ngulia Rhino Sanctuary, Tsavo West National Park, Kenya, STEVE MIHOK, ELI MUNYOKI, ROBERT A. BRETT, JOHN F. JONYO, DIETTER RÖTTCHER, PHELIX A.O. MAJIWA, ERASTUS K. KANG'ETHE, HUPHREY F.A. KABURIA, and ERICH ZWEYGARTH

Trypanosomiasis in Introduced Southern White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) Gifts to Ex Situ Habitat in Aitong, Kenya, Francis Gakuya, Richard Kock, Isaac Lekolool, and Steve Mihok

Trypanosomiasis in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis Linnaeus, 1758)., S. Mihok, R. O. Olubayo, and S. K. Moloo

Tsetse and trypanosomiasis in the lambwe valley, kenya, D. A. Turner

Tsetse bloodmeal analyses incriminate the common warthog phacochoerus africanus as an important cryptic host of animal trypanosomes in smallholder cattle farming communities in shimba hills, Kenya, Faith I. Ebhodaghe, Michael N. Okal, Shewit Kalayou, Armanda D.S. Bastos, and Daniel K. Masiga

Tsetse blood-meal sources, endosymbionts and trypanosome-associations in the Maasai mara national reserve, a wildlife-human-livestock interface, Edward Edmond Makhulu, Jandouwe Villinger, Vincent Owino Adunga, Maamun M. Jeneby, Edwin Murungi Kimathi, Enock Mararo, Joseph Wang’Ang’A Oundo, Ali Abdulahi Musa, and Lillian Wambua

Tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) population dynamics and the estimation of mortality rates from life-table data, Brian G. Williams, Robert D. Dransfield, and Robert Brightwell

Tsetse fly Glossina morsitans morsitans produces ultrasound related to behavior, E. I. Carina Erickson and A. R. Møller

Tuber damage by potato tuber moth, Phthorimae operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), in the field in eastern Ethiopia, G. Sileshi and J. Teriessa

Tungiasis among children in Kenya is associated with poor nutrition status, absenteeism, poor school performance and high impact on quality of life, Lynne Elson, Christopher Kamau, Sammy Koech, Christopher Muthama, George Gachomba, Erastus Sinoti, Elwyn Chondo, Eliud Mburu, Miriam Wakio, Jimmy Lore, Marta Maia, Ifedayo Adetifa, Benedict Orindi, Phillip Bejon, and Ulrike Fillinger

Tuning beforehand: A foresight on rna interference (rnai) and in vitro-derived dsrnas to enhance crop resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses, Eltayb Abdellatef, Nasrein Mohamed Kamal, and Hisashi Tsujimoto

Turnover in the populations within mature nests of the termite Macrotermes michaelseni in Kenya, J. P.E.C. Darlington

Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) invasion in Nigeria: first report of its distribution, Pascal Osa Aigbedion-Atalor, Abiola O. Oke, Abiola A. Oladigbolu, Adejumo A. Layade, Igho B. Igbinosa, and Samira A. Mohamed

Two new prieurianin-class limonoids from turraea mombasana, Geoffrey O. Adul, Michael D. Bentley, Barrett W. Benson, Fu Yung Huang, Leslie Gelbaum, and Ahmed Hassanali

Two new species of Opiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) attacking fruit-infesting Tephritidae (Diptera) in western Kenya, Susan W. Kimani-Njogu and Robert A. Wharton

Two sugar isomers influence host plant acceptance by a cereal caterpillar pest, G. Juma, M. Thiongo, L. Dutaur, K. Rharrabe, F. Marion-Poll, B. Le Ru, G. Magoma, J. F. Silvain, and P. A. Calatayud

Ubiquinone-O in defensive spray of African millipede, William F. Wood, Julian Shepherd, Berni Chong, and Jerrold Meinwald

Ultra-prolonged activation of CO2-sensing neurons disorients mosquitoes, Stephanie Lynn Turner, Nan Li, Tom Guda, John Githure, Ring T. Cardé, and Anandasankar Ray

Ultrastructural changes in salivary glands of tsetse, Glossina morsitans morsitans, infected with virus and rickettsia-like organisms, Elizabeth D. Kokwaro, Mramba Nyindo, and Mathayo Chimtawi

Ultrastructural changes in the milk gland of tsetse Glossina morsitans centralis (Diptera; Glissinidae) female infected by a DNA virus, Rosemary C. Sang, Walter G.Z.O. Jura, Leonard H. Otieno, and Peter Ogaja

Ultrastructural characterization of cultured embryonic cells of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann (Acarina : Ixodidae), L. R.S. Awiti, M. Nyindo, T. S. Dhadialla, and M. Chimtawi

Ultrastructural evidence for trans-ovum transmission of the DNA virus of tsetse, Glossina pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae), Walter G.Z.O. Jura, Leonard H. Otieno, and Mathayo M.B. Chimtawi

Ultrastructural studies on the transovarial transmission of Nosema marucae in Chilo partellus swinh, J. A. Ogwang and M. O. Odinho

Ultrastructure of Nosema marucae sp. n. (Microspora, Nosematidae), a pathogen of Maruca testulalis (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), Maurice O. Odindo and Walter G.Z.O. Jura

Uncertainties in the effectiveness of biological control of stem borers under different climate change scenarios in Eastern Africa, Ines Jendritzki, Henri E.Z. Tonnang, Paul André Calatayud, Christian Borgemeister, Tino Johansson, and Lisa Biber-Freudenberger

Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of a Rift Valley fever model, S. A. Pedro, H. E.Z. Tonnang, and S. Abelman

Uncovering the tracks of a recent and rapid invasion: The case of the fruit fly pest Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Africa, F. M. Khamis, N. Karam, S. Ekesi, M. De Meyer, A. Bonomi, L. M. Gomulski, F. Scolari, P. Gabrieli, P. Siciliano, D. Masiga, E. U. Kenya, G. Gasperi, A. R. Malacrida, and C. R. Guglielmino

Understanding changes in cassava root dry matter yield by different planting dates, crop ages at harvest, fertilizer application and varieties, Rebecca Oiza Enesi, Stefan Hauser, Pieter Pypers, Christine Kreye, Meklit Tariku, and Johan Six